100 CV-BC BANK 2025/2026 | ACCURATE REAL EXAM
150 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES EACH | CURRENTLY TESTING AND
FREQUENTLY TESTED VERSIONS | EXPERT VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST UPDATE
Question 1: When evaluating a patient for suspected infective endocarditis, which diagnostic
approach has the greatest capability for identifying cardiac vegetations?
A. A 12-lead electrocardiogram
B. A transthoracic echocardiogram
C. A transesophageal echocardiogram
D. A chest X-ray
Answer: C. A transesophageal echocardiogram
Rationale: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the most sensitive and specific test for
identifying vegetations on heart valves, as it provides high-resolution images of cardiac
structures without interference from the chest wall or lungs.
Question 2: Which laboratory value requires routine monitoring for patients taking angiotensin-
converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?
A. Serum potassium and creatinine
B. Serum sodium and calcium
C. White blood cell count
D. Liver function tests
Answer: A. Serum potassium and creatinine
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia and can lead to renal impairment, especially
in patients with pre-existing kidney disease. Monitoring serum potassium and creatinine is
essential to prevent life-threatening complications.
1
, Question 3: A diabetic patient on metoprolol presents with fatigue and dizziness. When
evaluating for possible hypoglycemia, which assessment finding is most reliable?
A. Diaphoresis and tachycardia
B. Tremors and anxiety
C. A blood glucose level of 55 mg/dL
D. Pallor and headache
Answer: C. A blood glucose level of 55 mg/dL
Rationale: Beta-blockers like metoprolol can mask the adrenergic symptoms of hypoglycemia
(e.g., tachycardia, tremors). A direct measurement of blood glucose is the most dependable
method to confirm or rule out hypoglycemia.
Question 4: During a routine screening, a 45-year-old patient has a blood pressure of 148/94
mmHg. What is the most appropriate next step?
A. Recheck the blood pressure in one month
B. Start the patient on a thiazide diuretic
C. Recheck the blood pressure during the same visit and confirm with a second reading on a
different day
D. Refer the patient for a renal ultrasound
Answer: C. Recheck the blood pressure during the same visit and confirm with a second
reading on a different day
Rationale: According to guidelines, a diagnosis of hypertension should be confirmed by elevated
readings on at least two separate occasions. A single elevated reading is not sufficient to initiate
treatment.
Question 5: A patient with peripheral vascular disease has reduced sensation and weakened
pedal pulses. Which foot care measure should be prioritized in patient education?
A. Applying a heating pad to increase circulation
B. Walking barefoot to improve stimulation
C. Inspecting feet daily for any cuts, blisters, or red areas
D. Soaking feet in hot water to improve blood flow
Answer: C. Inspecting feet daily for any cuts, blisters, or red areas
Rationale: Patients with PVD have poor sensation and are at high risk for foot ulcers. Daily foot
inspection is the most critical preventative measure to detect and treat minor injuries before
they become infected.
Question 6: A patient scheduled for a cardiac catheterization expresses confusion about the
procedure's potential complications. Which nursing response best demonstrates ethical
practice?
A. "Don't worry, the procedure is very safe."
2
, B. "I will call the provider to review the risks with you again."
C. "It's a standard procedure; you'll be fine."
D. "If you don't want it, you can just refuse."
Answer: B. "I will call the provider to review the risks with you again."
Rationale: The ethical principle of autonomy requires that patients give informed consent.
When a patient is confused, it is the nurse's responsibility to ensure they understand the risks
and benefits. The provider is best suited to answer specific questions about complications.
Question 7: When conducting an initial nursing assessment for a patient with newly diagnosed
coronary artery disease, which intervention best demonstrates evidence-based practice?
A. Assessing the patient's perceived stress and ability to cope with the diagnosis
B. Performing a comprehensive cardiovascular assessment
C. Evaluating the patient's complete medical history and risk factors
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
Rationale: Evidence-based practice in cardiovascular nursing includes a holistic approach that
combines physical assessment, psychosocial evaluation (coping, stress), and a thorough history
of risk factors to create a complete patient profile.
Question 8: The osmotic force that draws fluid from the interstitial space into blood vessels is
created by:
A. Hydrostatic pressure
B. Active transport of sodium
C. Plasma proteins such as albumin
D. Dialysis
Answer: C. Plasma proteins such as albumin
Rationale: This is the principle of oncotic (colloid osmotic) pressure. Albumin and other large
plasma proteins are too large to cross the capillary membrane, creating an osmotic force that
pulls water back into the vascular space.
Question 9: When preparing a patient for coronary artery bypass graft surgery, which graft type
should the nurse explain is commonly used?
A. Saphenous vein from the leg
B. Femoral artery
C. Cephalic vein from the arm
D. Internal mammary artery
Answer: D. Internal mammary artery (and A. Saphenous vein)
Rationale: The most common grafts are the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and the
saphenous vein. The LIMA is often preferred because it has excellent long-term patency.
3
150 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH DETAILED
RATIONALES EACH | CURRENTLY TESTING AND
FREQUENTLY TESTED VERSIONS | EXPERT VERIFIED FOR
GUARANTEED PASS | LATEST UPDATE
Question 1: When evaluating a patient for suspected infective endocarditis, which diagnostic
approach has the greatest capability for identifying cardiac vegetations?
A. A 12-lead electrocardiogram
B. A transthoracic echocardiogram
C. A transesophageal echocardiogram
D. A chest X-ray
Answer: C. A transesophageal echocardiogram
Rationale: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is the most sensitive and specific test for
identifying vegetations on heart valves, as it provides high-resolution images of cardiac
structures without interference from the chest wall or lungs.
Question 2: Which laboratory value requires routine monitoring for patients taking angiotensin-
converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?
A. Serum potassium and creatinine
B. Serum sodium and calcium
C. White blood cell count
D. Liver function tests
Answer: A. Serum potassium and creatinine
Rationale: ACE inhibitors can cause hyperkalemia and can lead to renal impairment, especially
in patients with pre-existing kidney disease. Monitoring serum potassium and creatinine is
essential to prevent life-threatening complications.
1
, Question 3: A diabetic patient on metoprolol presents with fatigue and dizziness. When
evaluating for possible hypoglycemia, which assessment finding is most reliable?
A. Diaphoresis and tachycardia
B. Tremors and anxiety
C. A blood glucose level of 55 mg/dL
D. Pallor and headache
Answer: C. A blood glucose level of 55 mg/dL
Rationale: Beta-blockers like metoprolol can mask the adrenergic symptoms of hypoglycemia
(e.g., tachycardia, tremors). A direct measurement of blood glucose is the most dependable
method to confirm or rule out hypoglycemia.
Question 4: During a routine screening, a 45-year-old patient has a blood pressure of 148/94
mmHg. What is the most appropriate next step?
A. Recheck the blood pressure in one month
B. Start the patient on a thiazide diuretic
C. Recheck the blood pressure during the same visit and confirm with a second reading on a
different day
D. Refer the patient for a renal ultrasound
Answer: C. Recheck the blood pressure during the same visit and confirm with a second
reading on a different day
Rationale: According to guidelines, a diagnosis of hypertension should be confirmed by elevated
readings on at least two separate occasions. A single elevated reading is not sufficient to initiate
treatment.
Question 5: A patient with peripheral vascular disease has reduced sensation and weakened
pedal pulses. Which foot care measure should be prioritized in patient education?
A. Applying a heating pad to increase circulation
B. Walking barefoot to improve stimulation
C. Inspecting feet daily for any cuts, blisters, or red areas
D. Soaking feet in hot water to improve blood flow
Answer: C. Inspecting feet daily for any cuts, blisters, or red areas
Rationale: Patients with PVD have poor sensation and are at high risk for foot ulcers. Daily foot
inspection is the most critical preventative measure to detect and treat minor injuries before
they become infected.
Question 6: A patient scheduled for a cardiac catheterization expresses confusion about the
procedure's potential complications. Which nursing response best demonstrates ethical
practice?
A. "Don't worry, the procedure is very safe."
2
, B. "I will call the provider to review the risks with you again."
C. "It's a standard procedure; you'll be fine."
D. "If you don't want it, you can just refuse."
Answer: B. "I will call the provider to review the risks with you again."
Rationale: The ethical principle of autonomy requires that patients give informed consent.
When a patient is confused, it is the nurse's responsibility to ensure they understand the risks
and benefits. The provider is best suited to answer specific questions about complications.
Question 7: When conducting an initial nursing assessment for a patient with newly diagnosed
coronary artery disease, which intervention best demonstrates evidence-based practice?
A. Assessing the patient's perceived stress and ability to cope with the diagnosis
B. Performing a comprehensive cardiovascular assessment
C. Evaluating the patient's complete medical history and risk factors
D. All of the above
Answer: D. All of the above
Rationale: Evidence-based practice in cardiovascular nursing includes a holistic approach that
combines physical assessment, psychosocial evaluation (coping, stress), and a thorough history
of risk factors to create a complete patient profile.
Question 8: The osmotic force that draws fluid from the interstitial space into blood vessels is
created by:
A. Hydrostatic pressure
B. Active transport of sodium
C. Plasma proteins such as albumin
D. Dialysis
Answer: C. Plasma proteins such as albumin
Rationale: This is the principle of oncotic (colloid osmotic) pressure. Albumin and other large
plasma proteins are too large to cross the capillary membrane, creating an osmotic force that
pulls water back into the vascular space.
Question 9: When preparing a patient for coronary artery bypass graft surgery, which graft type
should the nurse explain is commonly used?
A. Saphenous vein from the leg
B. Femoral artery
C. Cephalic vein from the arm
D. Internal mammary artery
Answer: D. Internal mammary artery (and A. Saphenous vein)
Rationale: The most common grafts are the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and the
saphenous vein. The LIMA is often preferred because it has excellent long-term patency.
3
