NURSING 390 FINAL EXAM | COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE, NCLEX-STYLE PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
History of Community Health - correct answer ✔✔- Earliest form was First Peoples traditional
medicine and healing
- CHNs used lessons learned from community relationships for advocacy
- Through home and school nursing, CHNs see what access to nutrition, education added to the
essentials for life
- First hand advocates for social justice
- Nurses in community settings quickly became leaders due to knowledge in first-hand skilled
communication
- Existed before formal nursing
First CHNs in Canada - correct answer ✔✔- Uncertain but Jeanne Mance in Montreal is known
to be the first (17th century)
- Grey Nuns were first to recognize health inequity and contributed to providing access to
shelter, food, and education
- Florence Nightingale was credited with standardizing nursing education and schools of nursing
- Victorian Order of Nurses followed, establishing order of visiting nurses with district offices
(district nursing)
- Cost of home nursing was underwritten by charitable donations quite similar to early hospital
care
What is Community? - correct answer ✔✔- Community is where people live, learn, play,
worship, and work
- CHNs improve the health of the community by promoting, preserving, and protecting the
health of individuals, families, aggregates, and populations
- CHN practice promotes health, builds individual and community capacity, facilitates health
equity, and demonstrates professional responsibility and accountability
,What does it mean to practice outside the hospital setting? - correct answer ✔✔- Autonomy in
practice
- Constant assessment of community members for change in status
- Responding to diversity in communities
- Recognizing that a change in practice can affect for than the individual
- Alert to social dynamics within communities
- Role model
Community as Partner - correct answer ✔✔- Access is available for primary integrated care
- Referral to support groups and services is available
Primary Health Care - correct answer ✔✔- Focuses on first point of access to health care system
- Best accomplished with a multi-disciplinary team approach
- Should be patient- or client-centered
- RNs play a central role in the team
- Resources can be tailored to community
- Homecare in urban and rural communities is part of primary care
Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice (2018) - correct answer ✔✔- Promote, protect
and preserve health of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in settings
where they live, learn, worship, work, and play
- Health equity
- Evidence-informed practice
- Professional relationships
- Health maintenance restoration and palliation
- Professional responsibility and accountability
- Ethical practice
,CHN Practice Settings - correct answer ✔✔- Telehealth
- Remote and rural nursing
- Occupational health nursing
- Forensic nursing
- Community mental health
- Military nursing
- Outreach/street nursing
- Primary care
- Public health units and government practice
Community Health Nurses Groups - correct answer ✔✔- CNA
- CHNC
- RNAO
- CPHA
Professional Practice Model - correct answer ✔✔- Shows complex systems within which
community nurses practice
- All aspects of practice and practice environment are included
- Nurse (ethics, theory, values, professional standards), environment, and social systems
(government, determinants of health)
Public health - correct answer ✔✔- Reflects effort of society to use organized efforts to keep
everyone healthy
- Specific nursing discipline with specific competencies
- Unlike clinical nursing (curative), PHN works in a primary prevention model
- Integrally involved with evidence collection to inform policy development for health
, History of Public Health in Canada - correct answer ✔✔- Started with settlers identifying need
for control of communicable diseases
- Evolved with scientific understanding of infectious diseases and transmission
- CPHA (1910-20) started with partnerships with Connaught laboratory and U of T school of
hygiene
- Growing understanding post-WW1 lead to development of healthy environments
Historical Evolution of Public Health Nursing - correct answer ✔✔- Early PHNs worked with low-
income communities (differentiated them from private nurses in high-income homes)
- Focused primarily on improving physical environmental conditions to reduce maternal and
child morbidity
- Many early PHNs worked for religious or charitable organizations
- As public health programming became more complex, PHNs were hired to work in civic health
departments
- In addition to maternal, infant, and childhood mortality, PHNs were instrumental in delivering
immunization and vaccination programs
Public Health Achievements (PHN Participation) - correct answer ✔✔- Motor vehicle safety
(seatbelt laws, ATV and snowmobile safety)
- Safer, healthier food
- Workplace health (visiting workplaces)
- Healthier environments
- Control of infectious diseases
- Vaccination
- Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard
- Healthier mothers and babies
- Decline in deaths from CAD and stroke
AND ANSWERS 2026/2027
History of Community Health - correct answer ✔✔- Earliest form was First Peoples traditional
medicine and healing
- CHNs used lessons learned from community relationships for advocacy
- Through home and school nursing, CHNs see what access to nutrition, education added to the
essentials for life
- First hand advocates for social justice
- Nurses in community settings quickly became leaders due to knowledge in first-hand skilled
communication
- Existed before formal nursing
First CHNs in Canada - correct answer ✔✔- Uncertain but Jeanne Mance in Montreal is known
to be the first (17th century)
- Grey Nuns were first to recognize health inequity and contributed to providing access to
shelter, food, and education
- Florence Nightingale was credited with standardizing nursing education and schools of nursing
- Victorian Order of Nurses followed, establishing order of visiting nurses with district offices
(district nursing)
- Cost of home nursing was underwritten by charitable donations quite similar to early hospital
care
What is Community? - correct answer ✔✔- Community is where people live, learn, play,
worship, and work
- CHNs improve the health of the community by promoting, preserving, and protecting the
health of individuals, families, aggregates, and populations
- CHN practice promotes health, builds individual and community capacity, facilitates health
equity, and demonstrates professional responsibility and accountability
,What does it mean to practice outside the hospital setting? - correct answer ✔✔- Autonomy in
practice
- Constant assessment of community members for change in status
- Responding to diversity in communities
- Recognizing that a change in practice can affect for than the individual
- Alert to social dynamics within communities
- Role model
Community as Partner - correct answer ✔✔- Access is available for primary integrated care
- Referral to support groups and services is available
Primary Health Care - correct answer ✔✔- Focuses on first point of access to health care system
- Best accomplished with a multi-disciplinary team approach
- Should be patient- or client-centered
- RNs play a central role in the team
- Resources can be tailored to community
- Homecare in urban and rural communities is part of primary care
Community Health Nursing Standards of Practice (2018) - correct answer ✔✔- Promote, protect
and preserve health of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in settings
where they live, learn, worship, work, and play
- Health equity
- Evidence-informed practice
- Professional relationships
- Health maintenance restoration and palliation
- Professional responsibility and accountability
- Ethical practice
,CHN Practice Settings - correct answer ✔✔- Telehealth
- Remote and rural nursing
- Occupational health nursing
- Forensic nursing
- Community mental health
- Military nursing
- Outreach/street nursing
- Primary care
- Public health units and government practice
Community Health Nurses Groups - correct answer ✔✔- CNA
- CHNC
- RNAO
- CPHA
Professional Practice Model - correct answer ✔✔- Shows complex systems within which
community nurses practice
- All aspects of practice and practice environment are included
- Nurse (ethics, theory, values, professional standards), environment, and social systems
(government, determinants of health)
Public health - correct answer ✔✔- Reflects effort of society to use organized efforts to keep
everyone healthy
- Specific nursing discipline with specific competencies
- Unlike clinical nursing (curative), PHN works in a primary prevention model
- Integrally involved with evidence collection to inform policy development for health
, History of Public Health in Canada - correct answer ✔✔- Started with settlers identifying need
for control of communicable diseases
- Evolved with scientific understanding of infectious diseases and transmission
- CPHA (1910-20) started with partnerships with Connaught laboratory and U of T school of
hygiene
- Growing understanding post-WW1 lead to development of healthy environments
Historical Evolution of Public Health Nursing - correct answer ✔✔- Early PHNs worked with low-
income communities (differentiated them from private nurses in high-income homes)
- Focused primarily on improving physical environmental conditions to reduce maternal and
child morbidity
- Many early PHNs worked for religious or charitable organizations
- As public health programming became more complex, PHNs were hired to work in civic health
departments
- In addition to maternal, infant, and childhood mortality, PHNs were instrumental in delivering
immunization and vaccination programs
Public Health Achievements (PHN Participation) - correct answer ✔✔- Motor vehicle safety
(seatbelt laws, ATV and snowmobile safety)
- Safer, healthier food
- Workplace health (visiting workplaces)
- Healthier environments
- Control of infectious diseases
- Vaccination
- Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard
- Healthier mothers and babies
- Decline in deaths from CAD and stroke
