BASIC AND APPLIED CONCEPTS OF
BLOOD BANKING AND TRANSFUSION
PRACTICES 4TH EDITION BY PAULA R
HOWARD ACTUAL TEST PAPER WITH
FULLY SOLVED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
⩥ What is transfusion medicine?
Answer: A branch of medicine concerned with the transfusion of blood
components for treatment or prevention of disease.
⩥ Which governing body inspects blood banks annually?
Answer: The Food & Drug Administration (FDA).
⩥ Who performed the first recorded blood transfusion?
Answer: Pope Innocent VII in 1492.
⩥ What significant discovery did William Harvey make?
Answer: The discovery of the circulatory system in 1616.
⩥ What was the first successful human blood transfusion performed for?
Answer: Postpartum hemorrhage by James Blundell in 1818/1829.
,⩥ Who discovered the ABO blood group system?
Answer: Karl Landsteiner.
⩥ What is unique about the ABO blood group system?
Answer: It is the only blood group system where individuals have
naturally occurring antibodies against antigens absent from their RBCs.
⩥ What are the antibodies present in blood group A?
Answer: Anti-B antibodies.
⩥ What are the antibodies present in blood group B?
Answer: Anti-A antibodies.
⩥ What antibodies are present in blood group O?
Answer: Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies.
⩥ What is the leading cause of death in hemolytic transfusion reactions?
Answer: Transfusion of the wrong ABO group.
⩥ What does the O gene represent in the ABO blood group system?
Answer: It is amorphic and does not code for any enzymes.
,⩥ What is the inheritance pattern of the ABO blood groups?
Answer: Codominance expression following simple Mendelian genetics.
⩥ What anticoagulant was first used by Braxton Hicks?
Answer: Sodium Phosphate (Na3PO4) in 1869.
⩥ What anticoagulant did Albert Hustin introduce?
Answer: Sodium Citrate (Na2C6H3O7) in 1914.
⩥ What is the significance of the Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD)
introduced by Gibson?
Answer: It is the standard preservative used for blood storage since
1957.
⩥ What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Answer: Genotype is the DNA sequence inherited, while phenotype is
the observable characteristics produced by the genotype.
⩥ What does homozygous genotype mean?
Answer: The presence of two identical alleles.
⩥ What does heterozygous phenotype mean?
Answer: The inheritance of different alleles.
, ⩥ What is the role of glycosyl transferases in blood group
determination?
Answer: They add sugars to a precursor substance, determining the
blood group an individual acquires.
⩥ What are ABO antigens?
Answer: Substances found on RBCs, endothelial cells, platelets,
lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and in secretions, formed from specific
glycosyltransferases.
⩥ When do ABO antigens form during fetal development?
Answer: ABO antigens begin to form as early as the 37th day of fetal
life.
⩥ At what age is the full expression of ABO antigens observed?
Answer: Full expression is found at 2-4 years of age.
⩥ What are the possible genotypes for blood type A?
Answer: A1: A1A1, A1A2, A1O; A2: A2A2, A2O.
⩥ What is the most common blood type?
Answer: Type O.
BLOOD BANKING AND TRANSFUSION
PRACTICES 4TH EDITION BY PAULA R
HOWARD ACTUAL TEST PAPER WITH
FULLY SOLVED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
⩥ What is transfusion medicine?
Answer: A branch of medicine concerned with the transfusion of blood
components for treatment or prevention of disease.
⩥ Which governing body inspects blood banks annually?
Answer: The Food & Drug Administration (FDA).
⩥ Who performed the first recorded blood transfusion?
Answer: Pope Innocent VII in 1492.
⩥ What significant discovery did William Harvey make?
Answer: The discovery of the circulatory system in 1616.
⩥ What was the first successful human blood transfusion performed for?
Answer: Postpartum hemorrhage by James Blundell in 1818/1829.
,⩥ Who discovered the ABO blood group system?
Answer: Karl Landsteiner.
⩥ What is unique about the ABO blood group system?
Answer: It is the only blood group system where individuals have
naturally occurring antibodies against antigens absent from their RBCs.
⩥ What are the antibodies present in blood group A?
Answer: Anti-B antibodies.
⩥ What are the antibodies present in blood group B?
Answer: Anti-A antibodies.
⩥ What antibodies are present in blood group O?
Answer: Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies.
⩥ What is the leading cause of death in hemolytic transfusion reactions?
Answer: Transfusion of the wrong ABO group.
⩥ What does the O gene represent in the ABO blood group system?
Answer: It is amorphic and does not code for any enzymes.
,⩥ What is the inheritance pattern of the ABO blood groups?
Answer: Codominance expression following simple Mendelian genetics.
⩥ What anticoagulant was first used by Braxton Hicks?
Answer: Sodium Phosphate (Na3PO4) in 1869.
⩥ What anticoagulant did Albert Hustin introduce?
Answer: Sodium Citrate (Na2C6H3O7) in 1914.
⩥ What is the significance of the Citrate Phosphate Dextrose (CPD)
introduced by Gibson?
Answer: It is the standard preservative used for blood storage since
1957.
⩥ What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
Answer: Genotype is the DNA sequence inherited, while phenotype is
the observable characteristics produced by the genotype.
⩥ What does homozygous genotype mean?
Answer: The presence of two identical alleles.
⩥ What does heterozygous phenotype mean?
Answer: The inheritance of different alleles.
, ⩥ What is the role of glycosyl transferases in blood group
determination?
Answer: They add sugars to a precursor substance, determining the
blood group an individual acquires.
⩥ What are ABO antigens?
Answer: Substances found on RBCs, endothelial cells, platelets,
lymphocytes, epithelial cells, and in secretions, formed from specific
glycosyltransferases.
⩥ When do ABO antigens form during fetal development?
Answer: ABO antigens begin to form as early as the 37th day of fetal
life.
⩥ At what age is the full expression of ABO antigens observed?
Answer: Full expression is found at 2-4 years of age.
⩥ What are the possible genotypes for blood type A?
Answer: A1: A1A1, A1A2, A1O; A2: A2A2, A2O.
⩥ What is the most common blood type?
Answer: Type O.
