NR442 COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING MIDTERM EXAM,
GUARANTEED PASS
Which of the following is generally considered to be nursing's first code of
ethics?
a. Nightingale Pledge
b. Code for Professional Nurses
c. Code of Ethics for Nurses
d. Principles of the Ethical Practice of Public Health
ANS: A
The Nightingale Pledge is generally considered to be nursing's first code of
ethics. After the Nightingale Pledge, the Code for
Professional Nurses was formally adopted by the ANA House of Delegates in
1950. It was amended and revised five more times,until, in 2001 the ANA
House of Delegates adopted the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive
Statements. The Principles of the Ethical Practice of Public Health was
approved in 2002
A nurse didn't know what to do when faced with a particular ethical dilemma
because an option that would have a good outcome didn't seem possible.
The nurse decided to talk to the agency supervisor and decide what action to
take. Which of the following best describes the nurse's actions?
a. Appropriate, because the supervisor is responsible for the nurse's choices.
b. Intelligent, because the supervisor has access to resource persons (clergy,
physicians, administrators) who might know of options the nurse hadn't
considered.
c. Justified, because this provides an opportunity to discuss the issue but the
nurse
,maintains responsibility for the decision.
d. Wise, because the supervisor would be more knowledgeable concerning
agency priorities and traditional practices.
ANS: C
Ethically, each nurse is responsible for his or her own decisions and cannot
avoid ethical accountability by relying on obedience to a supervisor or any
external rule or policy. The supervisor is not responsible for the nurse's
choices, the nurse must maintain responsibility for his/her own decisions. The
nurse should have access to the same resources as the supervisor and
should have similar knowledge as the supervisor
Which of the following is the first and most crucial step in a generic ethical
decision-making process?
a. Assess the context or environment in which the decision must be made.
b. Consider the various ethical principles or theories.
c. Identify the ethical issues and dilemmas.
d. Make a decision and act on it
ANS: C
The first step in the ethical decision-making framework is to identify the
ethical issue or dilemma. After the first step of identifying the ethical
concern, the following steps are: (2) place the ethical issue or dilemma within
a meaningful context, (3) obtain all relevant facts, (4) reformulate ethical
issues or dilemmas, if needed, (5) consider appropriate approaches to action
or options, (6) make the decision and take action, and (7) evaluate the
decision and action A nurse is asked to meet with a family who recently
immigrated from Botswana (Africa). After the physician tells the husband the
wife's diagnosis of breast cancer, the family thanks the physician and starts
to leave. Ethically, which of the following is the nurse's most important
action?
a. Emphasizing that the family must set up a surgical appointment for the
wife immediately
,b. Assessing the family's current living situation, including insurance and
other
assets
c. Educating the family concerning the usual treatment and the prognosis of
breast
cancer
d. Interviewing the family concerning their perspective of the threat to the
family's
well-being
ANS: D
The United States is a multicultural nation with diverse ethnic groups and
diverse values. Before any intervention can be made, the health care
professionals must understand the family's cultural, psychological, social,
communal, and environmental contexts, because these contexts affect the
way issues are formulated and decisions are made. Consequently, it is crucial
to interview the family to determine their understanding of the situation
before deciding what, if any, intervention must be made. In many cultures,
the family, rather than the individual, is the unit of primary concern. Setting
up a surgical appointment immediately would not be an appropriate action
for the nurse to take as this would be a premature action for anyone who has
just been told that she has cancer. Assessing the family's current living
situation would not be the first concern of the nurse; the first concern should
focus on the family's well-being. After assessing the family's well-being, the
next action of the nurse may be to educate the family about the treatment
and prognosis of breast cancer
The nurse learns that a family has declined an elective medical intervention
for a health care problem because paying for the care would drastically
reduce the family's resources and ability to meet the needs of other family
members. Ethically, which of the following actions should be taken by the
nurse?
a. Appreciate that the family has made the decision that it feels is best and
take no further action if it is clear the family has made an informed choice.
, b. Stress that each individual in society has a right to health care and the
family will
have to create some way to raise funds for the needed treatment.
c. Talk to the media to see whether a campaign to raise funds for the family
can be
created.
d. Try to convince the agency to give the care for free, even if it means
economic
stress for the agency, because the medical need is obvious
ANS: A
According to Callahan, although the nurse may attempt moral persuasion to
change the family's values, in the absence of immediate and grievous harm,
no ethical requirement exists to interfere with the family's values. Because
there is no immediate orgrievous harm, it is not in the best interest of the
nurse to interfere with the family's decision. Thus, the other answers are not
an appropriate action for the nurse to take
Some nurses are debating about the appropriate action to take in relation to
a particular family. The father is ill, and the other family members have
chosen to continue working rather than take time off to care for the ill family
member. One nurse states, "It is a wife's responsibility to care for an ill
husband." Which of the following ethical approaches is being used by this
nurse?
a. Consequentialism
b. Communitarianism
c. Deontological ethics
d. Principlism
ANS: C
The nurse is focusing on duty, which is a deontological approach based on
the moral obligation to engage in certain actions. The nurse is focusing on
duty, which is a deontological approach based on the moral obligation to
engage in certain actions. Based upon this understanding, none of the other
NURSING MIDTERM EXAM,
GUARANTEED PASS
Which of the following is generally considered to be nursing's first code of
ethics?
a. Nightingale Pledge
b. Code for Professional Nurses
c. Code of Ethics for Nurses
d. Principles of the Ethical Practice of Public Health
ANS: A
The Nightingale Pledge is generally considered to be nursing's first code of
ethics. After the Nightingale Pledge, the Code for
Professional Nurses was formally adopted by the ANA House of Delegates in
1950. It was amended and revised five more times,until, in 2001 the ANA
House of Delegates adopted the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive
Statements. The Principles of the Ethical Practice of Public Health was
approved in 2002
A nurse didn't know what to do when faced with a particular ethical dilemma
because an option that would have a good outcome didn't seem possible.
The nurse decided to talk to the agency supervisor and decide what action to
take. Which of the following best describes the nurse's actions?
a. Appropriate, because the supervisor is responsible for the nurse's choices.
b. Intelligent, because the supervisor has access to resource persons (clergy,
physicians, administrators) who might know of options the nurse hadn't
considered.
c. Justified, because this provides an opportunity to discuss the issue but the
nurse
,maintains responsibility for the decision.
d. Wise, because the supervisor would be more knowledgeable concerning
agency priorities and traditional practices.
ANS: C
Ethically, each nurse is responsible for his or her own decisions and cannot
avoid ethical accountability by relying on obedience to a supervisor or any
external rule or policy. The supervisor is not responsible for the nurse's
choices, the nurse must maintain responsibility for his/her own decisions. The
nurse should have access to the same resources as the supervisor and
should have similar knowledge as the supervisor
Which of the following is the first and most crucial step in a generic ethical
decision-making process?
a. Assess the context or environment in which the decision must be made.
b. Consider the various ethical principles or theories.
c. Identify the ethical issues and dilemmas.
d. Make a decision and act on it
ANS: C
The first step in the ethical decision-making framework is to identify the
ethical issue or dilemma. After the first step of identifying the ethical
concern, the following steps are: (2) place the ethical issue or dilemma within
a meaningful context, (3) obtain all relevant facts, (4) reformulate ethical
issues or dilemmas, if needed, (5) consider appropriate approaches to action
or options, (6) make the decision and take action, and (7) evaluate the
decision and action A nurse is asked to meet with a family who recently
immigrated from Botswana (Africa). After the physician tells the husband the
wife's diagnosis of breast cancer, the family thanks the physician and starts
to leave. Ethically, which of the following is the nurse's most important
action?
a. Emphasizing that the family must set up a surgical appointment for the
wife immediately
,b. Assessing the family's current living situation, including insurance and
other
assets
c. Educating the family concerning the usual treatment and the prognosis of
breast
cancer
d. Interviewing the family concerning their perspective of the threat to the
family's
well-being
ANS: D
The United States is a multicultural nation with diverse ethnic groups and
diverse values. Before any intervention can be made, the health care
professionals must understand the family's cultural, psychological, social,
communal, and environmental contexts, because these contexts affect the
way issues are formulated and decisions are made. Consequently, it is crucial
to interview the family to determine their understanding of the situation
before deciding what, if any, intervention must be made. In many cultures,
the family, rather than the individual, is the unit of primary concern. Setting
up a surgical appointment immediately would not be an appropriate action
for the nurse to take as this would be a premature action for anyone who has
just been told that she has cancer. Assessing the family's current living
situation would not be the first concern of the nurse; the first concern should
focus on the family's well-being. After assessing the family's well-being, the
next action of the nurse may be to educate the family about the treatment
and prognosis of breast cancer
The nurse learns that a family has declined an elective medical intervention
for a health care problem because paying for the care would drastically
reduce the family's resources and ability to meet the needs of other family
members. Ethically, which of the following actions should be taken by the
nurse?
a. Appreciate that the family has made the decision that it feels is best and
take no further action if it is clear the family has made an informed choice.
, b. Stress that each individual in society has a right to health care and the
family will
have to create some way to raise funds for the needed treatment.
c. Talk to the media to see whether a campaign to raise funds for the family
can be
created.
d. Try to convince the agency to give the care for free, even if it means
economic
stress for the agency, because the medical need is obvious
ANS: A
According to Callahan, although the nurse may attempt moral persuasion to
change the family's values, in the absence of immediate and grievous harm,
no ethical requirement exists to interfere with the family's values. Because
there is no immediate orgrievous harm, it is not in the best interest of the
nurse to interfere with the family's decision. Thus, the other answers are not
an appropriate action for the nurse to take
Some nurses are debating about the appropriate action to take in relation to
a particular family. The father is ill, and the other family members have
chosen to continue working rather than take time off to care for the ill family
member. One nurse states, "It is a wife's responsibility to care for an ill
husband." Which of the following ethical approaches is being used by this
nurse?
a. Consequentialism
b. Communitarianism
c. Deontological ethics
d. Principlism
ANS: C
The nurse is focusing on duty, which is a deontological approach based on
the moral obligation to engage in certain actions. The nurse is focusing on
duty, which is a deontological approach based on the moral obligation to
engage in certain actions. Based upon this understanding, none of the other
