Kaplan Fundamentals of Nursing Exam With Actual
Questions & Verified Answers ,Plus Explained
Rationales/Expert Verified For Guaranteed Pass
2026/Latest Update/Instant Download Pdf
1. A practical nurse is caring for a client on bed rest. Which intervention helps
prevent pressure injuries?
A) Restrict fluid intake
B) Reposition the client every 2 hours
C) Massage bony prominences daily
D) Keep the head of the bed elevated at 45 degrees
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Repositioning every 2 hours relieves pressure on bony prominences and
is the most effective intervention for pressure injury prevention. Restricting fluids
(A) can lead to dehydration and skin breakdown. Massaging bony prominences (C)
can damage capillaries and is no longer recommended. Elevating the head of the
bed (D) increases shearing force on the sacrum.
2. A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene before entering a patient's
room. Which action is correct?
A) Use alcohol-based hand rub if hands are visibly soiled
B) Wash hands with soap and water for at least 5 seconds
C) Use alcohol-based hand rub for routine decontamination when hands are not
,visibly soiled
D) Wear gloves instead of performing hand hygiene
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alcohol-based hand rub is appropriate for routine decontamination
when hands are not visibly soiled. Soap and water should be used when hands are
visibly dirty or contaminated with bodily fluids (A). Hand washing should last at
least 15–20 seconds (B). Gloves do not replace hand hygiene (D).
3. A client is placed on contact precautions. Which personal protective
equipment (PPE) is required for entry into the room?
A) Surgical mask and eye protection
B) N95 respirator and gown
C) Gown and gloves
D) Gloves only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Contact precautions require gloves and a gown to prevent transmission
of organisms through direct contact. Masks and eye protection are for droplet or
airborne precautions.
4. The nurse is caring for a client with a Clostridium difficile infection. Which
type of precautions should be implemented?
A) Standard precautions only
B) Airborne precautions
C) Contact precautions
D) Droplet precautions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: C. difficile is transmitted via the fecal-oral route through contact with
,contaminated surfaces or hands. Contact precautions are required, and alcohol-
based hand rub is ineffective—soap and water must be used.
5. A nurse is applying restraints to a client. Which action is correct?
A) Apply restraints tightly to prevent movement
B) Tie restraints to the bed frame
C) Obtain a provider's order and document the reason
D) Leave restraints on for 24 hours without reassessment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Restraints require a provider's order, and the reason must be
documented. Restraints should be tied to the bed frame (B) is incorrect—they
should be tied to the bed frame with a quick-release knot, but the key point is the
order. Restraints should never be applied tightly (A) and must be reassessed
frequently (D).
6. Which client is at highest risk for falls?
A) A 25-year-old with a sprained ankle
B) A 45-year-old with hypertension
C) A 78-year-old with a history of stroke and use of sedatives
D) A 60-year-old with diabetes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Advanced age, history of stroke (which can cause mobility and balance
issues), and sedative use are major fall risk factors. The other clients have fewer
risk factors.
7. A fire occurs in a patient's room. What is the nurse's priority action?
A) Attempt to extinguish the fire
B) Rescue the patient from the room
, C) Activate the fire alarm
D) Close all doors and windows
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The priority in a fire is to Rescue patients in immediate danger (RACE:
Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish). The patient's safety comes first.
8. Which infection control measure is most important for preventing the spread
of infection in healthcare settings?
A) Wearing gloves for all patient contact
B) Proper hand hygiene
C) Using sterile technique for all procedures
D) Isolating all patients
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the single most effective measure for preventing the
spread of infection in healthcare settings.
9. The nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter. Which
technique should be used?
A) Clean technique
B) Medical asepsis
C) Surgical asepsis (sterile technique)
D) Standard precautions only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Urinary catheter insertion requires surgical asepsis (sterile technique)
because it involves entering a sterile body cavity and carries a high risk of
introducing infection.
10. A client on airborne precautions requires transport to radiology. Which
action should the nurse take?
Questions & Verified Answers ,Plus Explained
Rationales/Expert Verified For Guaranteed Pass
2026/Latest Update/Instant Download Pdf
1. A practical nurse is caring for a client on bed rest. Which intervention helps
prevent pressure injuries?
A) Restrict fluid intake
B) Reposition the client every 2 hours
C) Massage bony prominences daily
D) Keep the head of the bed elevated at 45 degrees
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Repositioning every 2 hours relieves pressure on bony prominences and
is the most effective intervention for pressure injury prevention. Restricting fluids
(A) can lead to dehydration and skin breakdown. Massaging bony prominences (C)
can damage capillaries and is no longer recommended. Elevating the head of the
bed (D) increases shearing force on the sacrum.
2. A nurse is preparing to perform hand hygiene before entering a patient's
room. Which action is correct?
A) Use alcohol-based hand rub if hands are visibly soiled
B) Wash hands with soap and water for at least 5 seconds
C) Use alcohol-based hand rub for routine decontamination when hands are not
,visibly soiled
D) Wear gloves instead of performing hand hygiene
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alcohol-based hand rub is appropriate for routine decontamination
when hands are not visibly soiled. Soap and water should be used when hands are
visibly dirty or contaminated with bodily fluids (A). Hand washing should last at
least 15–20 seconds (B). Gloves do not replace hand hygiene (D).
3. A client is placed on contact precautions. Which personal protective
equipment (PPE) is required for entry into the room?
A) Surgical mask and eye protection
B) N95 respirator and gown
C) Gown and gloves
D) Gloves only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Contact precautions require gloves and a gown to prevent transmission
of organisms through direct contact. Masks and eye protection are for droplet or
airborne precautions.
4. The nurse is caring for a client with a Clostridium difficile infection. Which
type of precautions should be implemented?
A) Standard precautions only
B) Airborne precautions
C) Contact precautions
D) Droplet precautions
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: C. difficile is transmitted via the fecal-oral route through contact with
,contaminated surfaces or hands. Contact precautions are required, and alcohol-
based hand rub is ineffective—soap and water must be used.
5. A nurse is applying restraints to a client. Which action is correct?
A) Apply restraints tightly to prevent movement
B) Tie restraints to the bed frame
C) Obtain a provider's order and document the reason
D) Leave restraints on for 24 hours without reassessment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Restraints require a provider's order, and the reason must be
documented. Restraints should be tied to the bed frame (B) is incorrect—they
should be tied to the bed frame with a quick-release knot, but the key point is the
order. Restraints should never be applied tightly (A) and must be reassessed
frequently (D).
6. Which client is at highest risk for falls?
A) A 25-year-old with a sprained ankle
B) A 45-year-old with hypertension
C) A 78-year-old with a history of stroke and use of sedatives
D) A 60-year-old with diabetes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Advanced age, history of stroke (which can cause mobility and balance
issues), and sedative use are major fall risk factors. The other clients have fewer
risk factors.
7. A fire occurs in a patient's room. What is the nurse's priority action?
A) Attempt to extinguish the fire
B) Rescue the patient from the room
, C) Activate the fire alarm
D) Close all doors and windows
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The priority in a fire is to Rescue patients in immediate danger (RACE:
Rescue, Alarm, Confine, Extinguish). The patient's safety comes first.
8. Which infection control measure is most important for preventing the spread
of infection in healthcare settings?
A) Wearing gloves for all patient contact
B) Proper hand hygiene
C) Using sterile technique for all procedures
D) Isolating all patients
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hand hygiene is the single most effective measure for preventing the
spread of infection in healthcare settings.
9. The nurse is preparing to insert an indwelling urinary catheter. Which
technique should be used?
A) Clean technique
B) Medical asepsis
C) Surgical asepsis (sterile technique)
D) Standard precautions only
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Urinary catheter insertion requires surgical asepsis (sterile technique)
because it involves entering a sterile body cavity and carries a high risk of
introducing infection.
10. A client on airborne precautions requires transport to radiology. Which
action should the nurse take?
