BIO 123 UPDATED EXAMS TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What 2 ions form when water dissociates? - ✔✔hydronium and hydroxide
✔✔How do buffers moderate pH change? - ✔✔By accepting hydrogen ions from the
solution when they are in excess and donating them to the solution when they have
been depleted.
✔✔What has variations in arrangement around a double bond - ✔✔cis-trans isomers
✔✔A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group.
Therefore, this compound should.... - ✔✔dissolve in water
✔✔Which functional group acts most like a base in water? - ✔✔amino
✔✔Simple sugars like glucose contain which functional groups? - ✔✔Carbonyl and
Hydroxyl
✔✔The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs why? - ✔✔because the
electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the
oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus
, ✔✔What is the difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar? - ✔✔the
position of the carbonyl group
✔✔Why is carbon so important in biology? - ✔✔it can form a variety of carbon skeletons
and host functional groups
✔✔stanley miller's early earth experiment - ✔✔1. water mixture in "sea" flask was
heated --> vapor entered "atmosphere" flask
2. "atmosphere" = H2, CH4, NH3, and water vapor
3. sparks discharged to mimic lightning
4. condenser cooled "atmosphere", rained water, and dissolved molecules into "sea"
flask
5. samples periodically analyzed miller found formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, and
more complex molecules.
concluded that organic compounds could be created with inorganic compounds
✔✔Give an example of how isomers can vary in their pharmacological effects -
✔✔Enantiomers mirror each other but do not function in the same way. One can be
effective, and one can be ineffective
✔✔Isomer - ✔✔compounds with the same molecular fomula but different structures /
properties
✔✔Structural isomer - ✔✔different covalent arrangement of atoms (same formulas)
✔✔Cis-trans isomer - ✔✔same covalent bonds in a different spatial arrangement
✔✔Enatiomer - ✔✔mirror image isomers
✔✔Functional group - ✔✔a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions
of a particular compound
✔✔Hydroxyl - ✔✔a. OH
b. alcohol
c. polar, forms hydrogen bonds
✔✔Carbonyl - ✔✔a. CO
b. ketone, aldehyde
c. sugars with ketone = ketoses, sugar with aldehydes = aldoses
✔✔Carboxyl - ✔✔a. COOH
b. carboxylic acid, organic acid
c. acts as an acid
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔What 2 ions form when water dissociates? - ✔✔hydronium and hydroxide
✔✔How do buffers moderate pH change? - ✔✔By accepting hydrogen ions from the
solution when they are in excess and donating them to the solution when they have
been depleted.
✔✔What has variations in arrangement around a double bond - ✔✔cis-trans isomers
✔✔A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group.
Therefore, this compound should.... - ✔✔dissolve in water
✔✔Which functional group acts most like a base in water? - ✔✔amino
✔✔Simple sugars like glucose contain which functional groups? - ✔✔Carbonyl and
Hydroxyl
✔✔The partial negative charge in a molecule of water occurs why? - ✔✔because the
electrons shared between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms spend more time around the
oxygen atom nucleus than around the hydrogen atom nucleus
, ✔✔What is the difference between an aldose sugar and a ketose sugar? - ✔✔the
position of the carbonyl group
✔✔Why is carbon so important in biology? - ✔✔it can form a variety of carbon skeletons
and host functional groups
✔✔stanley miller's early earth experiment - ✔✔1. water mixture in "sea" flask was
heated --> vapor entered "atmosphere" flask
2. "atmosphere" = H2, CH4, NH3, and water vapor
3. sparks discharged to mimic lightning
4. condenser cooled "atmosphere", rained water, and dissolved molecules into "sea"
flask
5. samples periodically analyzed miller found formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, and
more complex molecules.
concluded that organic compounds could be created with inorganic compounds
✔✔Give an example of how isomers can vary in their pharmacological effects -
✔✔Enantiomers mirror each other but do not function in the same way. One can be
effective, and one can be ineffective
✔✔Isomer - ✔✔compounds with the same molecular fomula but different structures /
properties
✔✔Structural isomer - ✔✔different covalent arrangement of atoms (same formulas)
✔✔Cis-trans isomer - ✔✔same covalent bonds in a different spatial arrangement
✔✔Enatiomer - ✔✔mirror image isomers
✔✔Functional group - ✔✔a group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions
of a particular compound
✔✔Hydroxyl - ✔✔a. OH
b. alcohol
c. polar, forms hydrogen bonds
✔✔Carbonyl - ✔✔a. CO
b. ketone, aldehyde
c. sugars with ketone = ketoses, sugar with aldehydes = aldoses
✔✔Carboxyl - ✔✔a. COOH
b. carboxylic acid, organic acid
c. acts as an acid
