BIO 123 CORE MAIN EXAMINATION ALL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Atomic Number - ✔✔The number of protons in an atom.
✔✔Atomic Mass - ✔✔The approximate total number of protons and neutrons in an
atom.
✔✔Neutral Atom - ✔✔An atom with equal numbers of protons and electrons.
✔✔Ion - ✔✔An atom or molecule with a charge because it gained or lost electrons.
✔✔Cation - ✔✔A positively charged ion.
✔✔Anion - ✔✔A negatively charged ion.
✔✔Chemical Bond - ✔✔An interaction that holds atoms or molecules together.
✔✔Ionic Bond - ✔✔A bond formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom,
creating oppositely charged ions that attract.
✔✔Covalent Bond - ✔✔A bond formed when atoms share electrons.
, ✔✔Nonpolar Covalent Bond - ✔✔A covalent bond where electrons are shared equally.
✔✔Polar Covalent Bond - ✔✔A covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally.
✔✔Hydrogen Bond - ✔✔A weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom
and a partially negative atom, usually oxygen or nitrogen.
✔✔Electronegativity - ✔✔The ability of an atom to attract electrons.
✔✔Polar Molecule - ✔✔A molecule with uneven charge distribution.
✔✔Nonpolar Molecule - ✔✔A molecule with even charge distribution.
✔✔Functional Group - ✔✔A group of atoms within a molecule that gives the molecule
specific chemical properties.
✔✔Water - ✔✔A polar molecule made of two hydrogens and one oxygen.
✔✔Polarity - ✔✔Uneven distribution of charge in a molecule.
✔✔Solvent - ✔✔A substance that dissolves another substance.
✔✔Solute - ✔✔A substance dissolved in a solvent.
✔✔Solution - ✔✔A mixture of solute dissolved in solvent.
✔✔Hydration Shell - ✔✔A layer of water molecules surrounding a dissolved ion or polar
molecule.
✔✔Cohesion - ✔✔Attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water
molecules sticking to each other.
✔✔Adhesion - ✔✔Attraction between different types of molecules.
✔✔Monomer - ✔✔A small building block molecule.
✔✔Polymer - ✔✔A large molecule made of repeating monomers.
✔✔Dehydration Synthesis - ✔✔A reaction that builds polymers by removing water.
✔✔Hydrolysis - ✔✔A reaction that breaks polymers apart by adding water.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Atomic Number - ✔✔The number of protons in an atom.
✔✔Atomic Mass - ✔✔The approximate total number of protons and neutrons in an
atom.
✔✔Neutral Atom - ✔✔An atom with equal numbers of protons and electrons.
✔✔Ion - ✔✔An atom or molecule with a charge because it gained or lost electrons.
✔✔Cation - ✔✔A positively charged ion.
✔✔Anion - ✔✔A negatively charged ion.
✔✔Chemical Bond - ✔✔An interaction that holds atoms or molecules together.
✔✔Ionic Bond - ✔✔A bond formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom,
creating oppositely charged ions that attract.
✔✔Covalent Bond - ✔✔A bond formed when atoms share electrons.
, ✔✔Nonpolar Covalent Bond - ✔✔A covalent bond where electrons are shared equally.
✔✔Polar Covalent Bond - ✔✔A covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally.
✔✔Hydrogen Bond - ✔✔A weak attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom
and a partially negative atom, usually oxygen or nitrogen.
✔✔Electronegativity - ✔✔The ability of an atom to attract electrons.
✔✔Polar Molecule - ✔✔A molecule with uneven charge distribution.
✔✔Nonpolar Molecule - ✔✔A molecule with even charge distribution.
✔✔Functional Group - ✔✔A group of atoms within a molecule that gives the molecule
specific chemical properties.
✔✔Water - ✔✔A polar molecule made of two hydrogens and one oxygen.
✔✔Polarity - ✔✔Uneven distribution of charge in a molecule.
✔✔Solvent - ✔✔A substance that dissolves another substance.
✔✔Solute - ✔✔A substance dissolved in a solvent.
✔✔Solution - ✔✔A mixture of solute dissolved in solvent.
✔✔Hydration Shell - ✔✔A layer of water molecules surrounding a dissolved ion or polar
molecule.
✔✔Cohesion - ✔✔Attraction between molecules of the same type, such as water
molecules sticking to each other.
✔✔Adhesion - ✔✔Attraction between different types of molecules.
✔✔Monomer - ✔✔A small building block molecule.
✔✔Polymer - ✔✔A large molecule made of repeating monomers.
✔✔Dehydration Synthesis - ✔✔A reaction that builds polymers by removing water.
✔✔Hydrolysis - ✔✔A reaction that breaks polymers apart by adding water.
