BIOLOGY 2401 ACTUAL FINAL EXAMS ALL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔nucleic acid - ✔✔store and transmit hereditary/genetic information
✔✔DNA vs RNA - ✔✔DNA: Found as a component of chromosones within the nucleus.
Double Stranded. Bases are: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine.
RNA: Found within the cell nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell. Single Stranded. Bases
are: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil.
✔✔What is a protein? - ✔✔chain of amino acids
✔✔What is Energy? - ✔✔The ability to do work or cause change
✔✔Potential Energy vs. Kinetic Energy - ✔✔POTENTIAL - stored energy (EX. Water
sitting at the top of the dam)
KINETIC - energy of motion/energy being released (EX. Water falls over the dam)
✔✔Cytology - ✔✔study of cells
✔✔The Plasma Membrane is composed of: - ✔✔phospholipid bilayer
, ✔✔active transport - ✔✔the movement of materials through a cell membrane using
energy
✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
✔✔Osmosis - ✔✔diffusion of water
✔✔cellular diffusion - ✔✔diffusion across the plasma membrane occurs as a solute
down the concentration gradient. (No Energy)
✔✔passive energy - ✔✔doesn't use energy
✔✔primary - ✔✔Transport proteins using ATP energy to pump ions across the
membrane. (Up the concentration gradient)
✔✔Secondary - ✔✔Uses "Borrowed" Energy
✔✔exocytosis vs endocytosis - ✔✔endocytosis takes IN molecules, exocytosis puts
OUT molecules.
✔✔Phagocytosis - ✔✔"Cellular Eating"
✔✔Pinocytosis - ✔✔"Cellular Drinking"
✔✔receptor-mediated - ✔✔Binds to receptors on the outside of the cell.
✔✔Tonicity - ✔✔the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
✔✔Hypertonic - ✔✔Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution. (Salt
Water)
✔✔Hypotonic - ✔✔Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution.
(Distilled Water)
✔✔Isotonic - ✔✔when the concentration of two solutions is the same. (Equal) (IV
Solution)
✔✔1. Nucleus
2. ER
3. Smooth
4. Rough
5. Golgi Apparatus
6. Lysosome
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔nucleic acid - ✔✔store and transmit hereditary/genetic information
✔✔DNA vs RNA - ✔✔DNA: Found as a component of chromosones within the nucleus.
Double Stranded. Bases are: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine.
RNA: Found within the cell nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell. Single Stranded. Bases
are: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil.
✔✔What is a protein? - ✔✔chain of amino acids
✔✔What is Energy? - ✔✔The ability to do work or cause change
✔✔Potential Energy vs. Kinetic Energy - ✔✔POTENTIAL - stored energy (EX. Water
sitting at the top of the dam)
KINETIC - energy of motion/energy being released (EX. Water falls over the dam)
✔✔Cytology - ✔✔study of cells
✔✔The Plasma Membrane is composed of: - ✔✔phospholipid bilayer
, ✔✔active transport - ✔✔the movement of materials through a cell membrane using
energy
✔✔Diffusion - ✔✔Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an
area of lower concentration.
✔✔Osmosis - ✔✔diffusion of water
✔✔cellular diffusion - ✔✔diffusion across the plasma membrane occurs as a solute
down the concentration gradient. (No Energy)
✔✔passive energy - ✔✔doesn't use energy
✔✔primary - ✔✔Transport proteins using ATP energy to pump ions across the
membrane. (Up the concentration gradient)
✔✔Secondary - ✔✔Uses "Borrowed" Energy
✔✔exocytosis vs endocytosis - ✔✔endocytosis takes IN molecules, exocytosis puts
OUT molecules.
✔✔Phagocytosis - ✔✔"Cellular Eating"
✔✔Pinocytosis - ✔✔"Cellular Drinking"
✔✔receptor-mediated - ✔✔Binds to receptors on the outside of the cell.
✔✔Tonicity - ✔✔the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
✔✔Hypertonic - ✔✔Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution. (Salt
Water)
✔✔Hypotonic - ✔✔Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution.
(Distilled Water)
✔✔Isotonic - ✔✔when the concentration of two solutions is the same. (Equal) (IV
Solution)
✔✔1. Nucleus
2. ER
3. Smooth
4. Rough
5. Golgi Apparatus
6. Lysosome
