NSG 170 Exam 2 Questions with
Verified Solutions
Arteriosclerosis: - ANSWER-abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries
Atherosclerosis: - ANSWER-build up of fatty and/or fibrous material in walls of arteries
Risk factors for developing Atherosclerosis: - ANSWER-- low HDL - C
- high LDL - C
- increased triglycerides
- increased stress
- diabetes
- genetics
- sedentary lifestyle
- African American / Hispanic ethnicity
- Age / Older Adult
How long does it take for the respiratory system to mature? - ANSWER-20 years
The average axillary temperature for adults is: - ANSWER-97.7*F (36.5*C)
The average rectal temperature for adults is: - ANSWER-37.5*C (99.5*F)
The primary reason for placing a newborn on a mothers stomach is: - ANSWER-
regulating body temperature
An increase in temperature results in a decrease in _____ concentration in blood. This
causes a suppression of bacteria growth. - ANSWER-iron
An increase in temperature results in what physiologic changes in order to meet
metabolic needs of the body? - ANSWER-- increased RR
- increased HR
For ever degree celsius rise, metabolism increases by: - ANSWER-10%
Why is the temperature of deep tissues in older adults lower than that of young adults? -
ANSWER-Temperature of the deep tissues, also known as core temperature, is
relatively constant compared to surface temperature. This is because it varies
depending on blood flow to the skin and the amount of heat lost to the external
environment. In the older adult population, the average core temperature ranges from
35° C to 36.1° C (95° F to 97° F) as a result of decreased immunity.
,Dantrolene sodium should be administered immediately to treat ______. - ANSWER-
malignant hyperthermia
_____ may predispose a patient to malignant hypothermia during surgery. - ANSWER-
Age
Which vital sign can be altered because of a decrease in sweat gland reactivity in older
adults? - ANSWER-body temperature
Temperature range for moderate hypothermia - ANSWER-28*C - 32*C
Temperature range for mild hypothermia: - ANSWER-32*C - 35*C
Temperature range for severe hypothermia: - ANSWER-< 28*C
Average rectal temperature in adults: - ANSWER-99.5*F
Average axillary temperature in adults: - ANSWER-97.7*F
When a nenoate's body metabolism decreases, they adapt through: - ANSWER-
nonshivering themogenesis
Nonshivering thermogenesis: - ANSWER-Occurs primarily in neonates. Because
neonates cannot shiver, a limited amount of vascular brown adipose tissue present at
birth can be metabolized for heat production.
What drug class is mainly used to reduce heat production? - ANSWER-corticosteroids
How do corticosteroids reduce heat production? - ANSWER-interfering with
hypothalamic response
While caring for a postoperative patient, the nurse observes and palpates the calves for
redness, warmth, and tenderness. What is the nurses rationale for this? - ANSWER-To
assess for phlebitis and thrombosis
The nurse is assessing a patient for blood pressure (BP) and identifies that the patient's
BP is inadequate for perfusion and oxygenation of tissues. What intervention would be
performed immediately in this situation? - ANSWER-Position the patient in supine
position.
In general, pharmacologic treatment should be initiated when BP is ________ in adults
60 years or older. - ANSWER-> mm Hg
Preload: - ANSWER-the degree of myocardial fiber stretch at the end of diastole and
just before contraction
, Afterload: - ANSWER-Pressure or resistance against which the ventricles must pump to
eject blood
Contracility: - ANSWER-- force of cardiac contraction independent of preload
- muscle ability to shorten/contract
_____ and acidemia increase contracility. - ANSWER-hypoxia
_____ is the pressure while the heart contracts to pump blood to the body. - ANSWER-
systolic (top)
____ the pressure when the heart relaxes between beats. - ANSWER-diastolic (bottom)
Mean arterial pressure (MAP): - ANSWER-average pressure with which blood moves
through the vasculature.
Ideal MAP range: - ANSWER-> 60 - 65
T/F: A MAP of 40 is considered a normal finding. - ANSWER-false.
MAP 40 of less is not sufficient to sustain life.
Cardiac output: - ANSWER-volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute
CO = HR x SV
Stroke volume: - ANSWER-amount of blood ejected from the heart with each heartbeat.
An increase in peripheral resistance causes a _____ in blood pressure. - ANSWER-rise
Systemic vascular resistance: - ANSWER-- The resistance of the flow of blood through
the heart and blood vessels.
- peripheral resistance
For cells to receive oxygen and nutrients in order to metabolize energy, a MAP of _____
is required. - ANSWER-> 60
Essential hypertension: - ANSWER-High blood pressure with no verifiable physical
cause
Secondary hypertension: - ANSWER-high blood pressure caused by the effects of
another disease
Thyroid dysfunction can cause _____. - ANSWER-HTN
Common causes of secondary HTN: - ANSWER-- renal parenchymal disease
- thyroid dysfunction
Verified Solutions
Arteriosclerosis: - ANSWER-abnormal hardening of the walls of an artery or arteries
Atherosclerosis: - ANSWER-build up of fatty and/or fibrous material in walls of arteries
Risk factors for developing Atherosclerosis: - ANSWER-- low HDL - C
- high LDL - C
- increased triglycerides
- increased stress
- diabetes
- genetics
- sedentary lifestyle
- African American / Hispanic ethnicity
- Age / Older Adult
How long does it take for the respiratory system to mature? - ANSWER-20 years
The average axillary temperature for adults is: - ANSWER-97.7*F (36.5*C)
The average rectal temperature for adults is: - ANSWER-37.5*C (99.5*F)
The primary reason for placing a newborn on a mothers stomach is: - ANSWER-
regulating body temperature
An increase in temperature results in a decrease in _____ concentration in blood. This
causes a suppression of bacteria growth. - ANSWER-iron
An increase in temperature results in what physiologic changes in order to meet
metabolic needs of the body? - ANSWER-- increased RR
- increased HR
For ever degree celsius rise, metabolism increases by: - ANSWER-10%
Why is the temperature of deep tissues in older adults lower than that of young adults? -
ANSWER-Temperature of the deep tissues, also known as core temperature, is
relatively constant compared to surface temperature. This is because it varies
depending on blood flow to the skin and the amount of heat lost to the external
environment. In the older adult population, the average core temperature ranges from
35° C to 36.1° C (95° F to 97° F) as a result of decreased immunity.
,Dantrolene sodium should be administered immediately to treat ______. - ANSWER-
malignant hyperthermia
_____ may predispose a patient to malignant hypothermia during surgery. - ANSWER-
Age
Which vital sign can be altered because of a decrease in sweat gland reactivity in older
adults? - ANSWER-body temperature
Temperature range for moderate hypothermia - ANSWER-28*C - 32*C
Temperature range for mild hypothermia: - ANSWER-32*C - 35*C
Temperature range for severe hypothermia: - ANSWER-< 28*C
Average rectal temperature in adults: - ANSWER-99.5*F
Average axillary temperature in adults: - ANSWER-97.7*F
When a nenoate's body metabolism decreases, they adapt through: - ANSWER-
nonshivering themogenesis
Nonshivering thermogenesis: - ANSWER-Occurs primarily in neonates. Because
neonates cannot shiver, a limited amount of vascular brown adipose tissue present at
birth can be metabolized for heat production.
What drug class is mainly used to reduce heat production? - ANSWER-corticosteroids
How do corticosteroids reduce heat production? - ANSWER-interfering with
hypothalamic response
While caring for a postoperative patient, the nurse observes and palpates the calves for
redness, warmth, and tenderness. What is the nurses rationale for this? - ANSWER-To
assess for phlebitis and thrombosis
The nurse is assessing a patient for blood pressure (BP) and identifies that the patient's
BP is inadequate for perfusion and oxygenation of tissues. What intervention would be
performed immediately in this situation? - ANSWER-Position the patient in supine
position.
In general, pharmacologic treatment should be initiated when BP is ________ in adults
60 years or older. - ANSWER-> mm Hg
Preload: - ANSWER-the degree of myocardial fiber stretch at the end of diastole and
just before contraction
, Afterload: - ANSWER-Pressure or resistance against which the ventricles must pump to
eject blood
Contracility: - ANSWER-- force of cardiac contraction independent of preload
- muscle ability to shorten/contract
_____ and acidemia increase contracility. - ANSWER-hypoxia
_____ is the pressure while the heart contracts to pump blood to the body. - ANSWER-
systolic (top)
____ the pressure when the heart relaxes between beats. - ANSWER-diastolic (bottom)
Mean arterial pressure (MAP): - ANSWER-average pressure with which blood moves
through the vasculature.
Ideal MAP range: - ANSWER-> 60 - 65
T/F: A MAP of 40 is considered a normal finding. - ANSWER-false.
MAP 40 of less is not sufficient to sustain life.
Cardiac output: - ANSWER-volume of blood ejected by the heart in one minute
CO = HR x SV
Stroke volume: - ANSWER-amount of blood ejected from the heart with each heartbeat.
An increase in peripheral resistance causes a _____ in blood pressure. - ANSWER-rise
Systemic vascular resistance: - ANSWER-- The resistance of the flow of blood through
the heart and blood vessels.
- peripheral resistance
For cells to receive oxygen and nutrients in order to metabolize energy, a MAP of _____
is required. - ANSWER-> 60
Essential hypertension: - ANSWER-High blood pressure with no verifiable physical
cause
Secondary hypertension: - ANSWER-high blood pressure caused by the effects of
another disease
Thyroid dysfunction can cause _____. - ANSWER-HTN
Common causes of secondary HTN: - ANSWER-- renal parenchymal disease
- thyroid dysfunction
