,NU 131 / NU131 Exam 4 – Integrated Human Sciences
(Nursing and Healthcare I) | Galen College (2026/2027 Edition)
1. Which of the following best describes the primary function of the family in relation to its members?
A) To provide financial support exclusively
B) To care for and support one another while shaping values, relationships, and communication
C) To ensure all members pursue the same career path
D) To maintain strict discipline without emotional expression
Correct Answer: To care for and support one another while shaping values, relationships, and
communication
Expert Rationale: Families care for and support one another while shaping values, relationships,
communication, and cultural identity. Physical maintenance is only one function. Families do not dictate
careers or operate without emotional expression, as nurturance is a core function.
2. What is the most likely outcome if a young adult successfully resolves Erikson's crisis of intimacy
versus isolation?
A) The individual develops a strong sense of generativity and productivity
B) The individual forms close, meaningful relationships and avoids loneliness
C) The individual achieves ego integrity and life satisfaction
D) The individual develops a strong sense of identity and self-direction
Correct Answer: The individual forms close, meaningful relationships and avoids loneliness
Expert Rationale: Intimacy versus isolation occurs in young adulthood (20–30 years). Successful
resolution leads to forming close, meaningful relationships and avoiding isolation. Generativity versus
stagnation occurs in middle adulthood, and ego integrity versus despair in late adulthood.
3. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stage is characterized by the ability to
use past experiences to reason, problem-solve, and prioritize?
A) Sensorimotor stage
,B) Preoperational stage
C) Formal operational stage
D) Concrete operational stage
Correct Answer: Formal operational stage
Expert Rationale: In Piaget's formal operational stage (beginning around age 12), individuals use past
experiences to reason, problem-solve, and prioritize. This stage represents the peak of intellectual
development. Sensorimotor and preoperational stages involve earlier, less abstract thinking.
4. Which term refers to individuals who care for and support one another, shaping values, relationships,
and communication?
A) Community
B) Social network
C) Family
D) Peer group
Correct Answer: Family
Expert Rationale: Family is defined as individuals who care for and support one another while shaping
values, relationships, communication, and cultural identity. Communities and peer groups may provide
support but do not fulfill all these functions in the same way.
5. A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is reminiscing about their life and expresses regret for
life choices, stating they will not be missed once gone. According to Erikson, which psychosocial crisis is
this client experiencing?
A) Despair
B) Guilt
C) Ego integrity
D) Stagnation
, Correct Answer: Despair
Expert Rationale: In Erikson's ego integrity versus despair stage (late adulthood), clients who express
regret and feel they will not be missed are experiencing despair. Ego integrity involves acceptance and
satisfaction with one's life. Guilt and stagnation occur in earlier stages.
6. Which of the following is a physical change expected during early adulthood (20–40 years)?
A) Decreased elasticity of blood vessels leading to increased blood pressure
B) Completion of physical growth with no further changes
C) Onset of menopause in all females
D) Significant loss of bone density
Correct Answer: Decreased elasticity of blood vessels leading to increased blood pressure
Expert Rationale: During early adulthood, decreased elasticity of blood vessels contributes to increased
blood pressure and decreased cardiac output. Physical growth is complete, but physiological changes
continue. Menopause typically occurs in middle adulthood.
7. In the context of family types, which family consists of one or two parents with their children?
A) Extended family
B) Nuclear family
C) Blended family
D) Step family
Correct Answer: Nuclear family
Expert Rationale: A nuclear family consists of one or two parents with their children. Extended families
include grandparents and other relatives. Blended families involve stepparents and stepchildren. Step
families are one type of blended family.
(Nursing and Healthcare I) | Galen College (2026/2027 Edition)
1. Which of the following best describes the primary function of the family in relation to its members?
A) To provide financial support exclusively
B) To care for and support one another while shaping values, relationships, and communication
C) To ensure all members pursue the same career path
D) To maintain strict discipline without emotional expression
Correct Answer: To care for and support one another while shaping values, relationships, and
communication
Expert Rationale: Families care for and support one another while shaping values, relationships,
communication, and cultural identity. Physical maintenance is only one function. Families do not dictate
careers or operate without emotional expression, as nurturance is a core function.
2. What is the most likely outcome if a young adult successfully resolves Erikson's crisis of intimacy
versus isolation?
A) The individual develops a strong sense of generativity and productivity
B) The individual forms close, meaningful relationships and avoids loneliness
C) The individual achieves ego integrity and life satisfaction
D) The individual develops a strong sense of identity and self-direction
Correct Answer: The individual forms close, meaningful relationships and avoids loneliness
Expert Rationale: Intimacy versus isolation occurs in young adulthood (20–30 years). Successful
resolution leads to forming close, meaningful relationships and avoiding isolation. Generativity versus
stagnation occurs in middle adulthood, and ego integrity versus despair in late adulthood.
3. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stage is characterized by the ability to
use past experiences to reason, problem-solve, and prioritize?
A) Sensorimotor stage
,B) Preoperational stage
C) Formal operational stage
D) Concrete operational stage
Correct Answer: Formal operational stage
Expert Rationale: In Piaget's formal operational stage (beginning around age 12), individuals use past
experiences to reason, problem-solve, and prioritize. This stage represents the peak of intellectual
development. Sensorimotor and preoperational stages involve earlier, less abstract thinking.
4. Which term refers to individuals who care for and support one another, shaping values, relationships,
and communication?
A) Community
B) Social network
C) Family
D) Peer group
Correct Answer: Family
Expert Rationale: Family is defined as individuals who care for and support one another while shaping
values, relationships, communication, and cultural identity. Communities and peer groups may provide
support but do not fulfill all these functions in the same way.
5. A nurse is caring for an older adult client who is reminiscing about their life and expresses regret for
life choices, stating they will not be missed once gone. According to Erikson, which psychosocial crisis is
this client experiencing?
A) Despair
B) Guilt
C) Ego integrity
D) Stagnation
, Correct Answer: Despair
Expert Rationale: In Erikson's ego integrity versus despair stage (late adulthood), clients who express
regret and feel they will not be missed are experiencing despair. Ego integrity involves acceptance and
satisfaction with one's life. Guilt and stagnation occur in earlier stages.
6. Which of the following is a physical change expected during early adulthood (20–40 years)?
A) Decreased elasticity of blood vessels leading to increased blood pressure
B) Completion of physical growth with no further changes
C) Onset of menopause in all females
D) Significant loss of bone density
Correct Answer: Decreased elasticity of blood vessels leading to increased blood pressure
Expert Rationale: During early adulthood, decreased elasticity of blood vessels contributes to increased
blood pressure and decreased cardiac output. Physical growth is complete, but physiological changes
continue. Menopause typically occurs in middle adulthood.
7. In the context of family types, which family consists of one or two parents with their children?
A) Extended family
B) Nuclear family
C) Blended family
D) Step family
Correct Answer: Nuclear family
Expert Rationale: A nuclear family consists of one or two parents with their children. Extended families
include grandparents and other relatives. Blended families involve stepparents and stepchildren. Step
families are one type of blended family.
