WGU D027 FINAL STUDY GUIDE / ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (A+ GUIDE SOLUTION) NEWEST 2025/2026
What organ does cystic fibrosis affect? ✔️Affects the pancreas causing secretions into the lungs
What is Klinefelter syndrome? ✔️An extra X chromosome for males so example XXY causing female-like qualities
What is Turner Syndrome? ✔️females. missing or deformed x chromosome. right hemisphere dysfunction, hearing loss, ear infection, language
and articulation disorders, visual spatial and attentional problems
What is beta thalassemia? ✔️a condition in which the synthesis of the beta-globin chains is decreased or absent. Causes low hemoglobin.
Which medication is contraindicated in a patient with Beta Thalassemia? ✔️Ferrous Sulfate
What drug is used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia). Directly toxic to lymphoid tissues Selective estrogen
receptor modulators (SERM) - for hormone receptor positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tomaxafin - reduces risk and recurrence risk)
✔️Glucocorticoids
What is the normal ejection fraction? ✔️55-60%. Less than 50% is BAD
Is an ejection fraction of 50% reduced or preserved? ✔️Preserved
What are symptoms of left sided heart failure? ✔️Think PULMONARY. JVD, FVO, rails, S3 murmurs. Number one cause of right sided heart
failure!
What are symptoms of right sided heart failure? ✔️Think peripheral vascular. Lower extremity edema, abdominal distension.
What is the gold standard lab test for heart failure? ✔️BNP. Heart failure is a result greater than 100
What heart disease is worse with exertion? ✔️Ischemic heart disease because the demand requirements are higher.
What should you assess before giving Digoxin? ✔️Apical pulse
How should Warfarin be started? ✔️Start initial dose at half to monitor the effects
What causes the destruction of alveolar walls? Air goes in but can't get out which leads to hyperinflation ✔️Emphysema
What causes excess mucus production and smooth muscle hypertrophy? ✔️Bronchitis
What is a chronic inflammatory obstruction of bronchi? ✔️Asthma, Triggers cause mucus to clog bronchial tubes.
What causes an overbite and buffalo hump? ✔️Endocrine disorder called acromegaly (overproduction of growth hormone)
What causes Addison's disease? ✔️Decreased glucocorticoid (due to autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex)
What causes Cushing's syndrome? ✔️excess cortisol
What causes Grave's disease? ✔️overproduction of thyroid hormone. HYPERthyroidism.
When should you instruct the patient to take their FIRST dose of antihypertensive? ✔️At night to avoid orthostatic hypotension. Educate slow
position changes and lay down if needed.
What are side effects of ACE inhibitors? ✔️dry cough
angioedema
hyperkalemia
*Contraindicated in pregnancy
Which type of antihypertensive should NOT be given to patients with Asthma? ✔️Nonselective beta blocker (-lol) because both beta-2 receptors
are effected
What is the first choice of calcium channel blocker? ✔️Verapamil
What organ does cystic fibrosis affect? ✔️Affects the pancreas causing secretions into the lungs
What is Klinefelter syndrome? ✔️An extra X chromosome for males so example XXY causing female-like qualities
What is Turner Syndrome? ✔️females. missing or deformed x chromosome. right hemisphere dysfunction, hearing loss, ear infection, language
and articulation disorders, visual spatial and attentional problems
What is beta thalassemia? ✔️a condition in which the synthesis of the beta-globin chains is decreased or absent. Causes low hemoglobin.
Which medication is contraindicated in a patient with Beta Thalassemia? ✔️Ferrous Sulfate
What drug is used in combination with other agent to treat lymphoid tissue (leukemia). Directly toxic to lymphoid tissues Selective estrogen
receptor modulators (SERM) - for hormone receptor positive and advanced breast cancer. (Tomaxafin - reduces risk and recurrence risk)
✔️Glucocorticoids
What is the normal ejection fraction? ✔️55-60%. Less than 50% is BAD
Is an ejection fraction of 50% reduced or preserved? ✔️Preserved
What are symptoms of left sided heart failure? ✔️Think PULMONARY. JVD, FVO, rails, S3 murmurs. Number one cause of right sided heart
failure!
What are symptoms of right sided heart failure? ✔️Think peripheral vascular. Lower extremity edema, abdominal distension.
What is the gold standard lab test for heart failure? ✔️BNP. Heart failure is a result greater than 100
What heart disease is worse with exertion? ✔️Ischemic heart disease because the demand requirements are higher.
What should you assess before giving Digoxin? ✔️Apical pulse
How should Warfarin be started? ✔️Start initial dose at half to monitor the effects
What causes the destruction of alveolar walls? Air goes in but can't get out which leads to hyperinflation ✔️Emphysema
What causes excess mucus production and smooth muscle hypertrophy? ✔️Bronchitis
What is a chronic inflammatory obstruction of bronchi? ✔️Asthma, Triggers cause mucus to clog bronchial tubes.
What causes an overbite and buffalo hump? ✔️Endocrine disorder called acromegaly (overproduction of growth hormone)
What causes Addison's disease? ✔️Decreased glucocorticoid (due to autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex)
What causes Cushing's syndrome? ✔️excess cortisol
What causes Grave's disease? ✔️overproduction of thyroid hormone. HYPERthyroidism.
When should you instruct the patient to take their FIRST dose of antihypertensive? ✔️At night to avoid orthostatic hypotension. Educate slow
position changes and lay down if needed.
What are side effects of ACE inhibitors? ✔️dry cough
angioedema
hyperkalemia
*Contraindicated in pregnancy
Which type of antihypertensive should NOT be given to patients with Asthma? ✔️Nonselective beta blocker (-lol) because both beta-2 receptors
are effected
What is the first choice of calcium channel blocker? ✔️Verapamil
