ANSC 3010 - EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026

ANSC 3010 - EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE 2026 soybean meal - Answers Most important protein supplement, all others compared to this one? - cottonseed meal - gossypol - Answers Second most important protein supplement, and what is the toxin associated with it -protease inhibitors - soybeans inhibit trypsin making it unable to work - lectins - phytoestrogens - saponins - goitorogtens - other toxins - Answers Which anti-nutritive factor is contained in Soybeans, and therefore they must be heated to destroy this? meat meal (meat and bone meal) - Answers Protein feed derived from slaughterhouse waste, is high in collagen, and is of concern because of "mad cow" disease. blood meal - Answers Protein source collected from the kill floor of slaughter plants, contains 80+% crude protein, is high in lysine but severely deficient in isoleucine. It has low digestibility due to the drying process and therefore is a good source of rumen undegradable protein to ruminants. - urea - biuret - dried poultry waste - Answers what are the types of NPN discusses in class? urea - Answers - most common source for ruminants - dependent upon a source of readily fermentable carb in the diet - 45% N; 281% CP (45X6.25) - may result in ammonia toxicity if overfed Biuret - Answers - two molecules of urea that have been condensed into a single molecule - slower release of ammonia than from urea Aflatoxin - Answers Myotoxin in corn, peanuts, cottonseed dried poultry waste - Answers - high N content - concern for drug residue in manure - copper sulfate in poultry - copper toxicity in sheep - potential for pathogen contamination - prevented by composting - not degraded by rumen microbial enzymes - "escapes" or "bypasses" rumen - enters abomasum and small intestine for hydrolytic digestion - usually a portion of dietary protein resists rumen degradation and passes undegraded to SI - Answers what is rumen undegradable protein? - high protein requirement to supply AA for muscle growth and milk production - supplement AA flow to SI by feeding RUP - Answers why increase RUP value or dietary protein for growing or lactating ruminant? - adult ruminant: at maintenance - MCO meets tissue AA requirements - Answers when is there no need to increase RUP? - protecting feedstuff protein from ruminal degradation - not only increases quantity of protein or AAS entering small intestine - could have benefit of encouraging rumen microbes to use NPN rather than feed protein N in fermentation activities - Answers why else would we feed RUP? - roasted SBM - fishmeal - feather meal - Soyplus - Soybest - Answers what are some RUP sources? - newer infromation on RUP and RDP - more "fine-tuned" - RUP value for traditional RDP sources - Ex: SBM has bypass value, not 100% degradable, RUP values of feeds will depend on other feeds in a ration - Answers NRC, 2001 - resistance to rumen degradation varies among protein sources - forage proteins usually degrade further extend: 60-80% - proteins in concentrates or industrial by products: 20-60% - heat treatment (roasted SBM) - coat protein with fat (encapsulation of AA) - treatment with formaldehyde or tannins - use of AA analogs - concentration of protein in diet, passage rates, levels of intake:can alter the escape value - Answers What are some methods to make RUP from degradable protein sources? coat protein with fat (encapsulation of AA): - Answers lipid coating prevents bacteria from attacking peptide bonds treatment with formaldehyde or tannins: - Answers - nontoxic - same principle as lipid coating - 18% - 70% - Answers Roughage feedstuffs are generally classified as feeds that contain greater than ____% crude fiber and less than ____% TDN - RPAAs - smartamine, mepron, MHA use of AA analogs: - Answers - RPAAs - smartamine, mepron, MHA sum of factors that influence the nutritive value of forages for herbivorous animals - Answers what is forage quality? - digestibility - feed consumption - provision of nutrients - Answers what are the 3 major factors we use to asses forage quality? - as digestibility increases - feed intake can increase - higher the digestibility - the more nutrients for use by animal - Answers digestibility: - proximate analysis, NDF, ADF, maybe cellulose and lignin in some cases - mineral analysis (Ca, P, K) if forage major component of diet - vitamins not usually analyzed - CP and ADF: often sufficient to asses quality - may test for specific nutrients in problem situations - Answers provision of nutrients: Feed consumption - Answers - intake - higher the consumption - closer the nutrient intake will be to meeting requirements - related to digestibility - continuous - rotational - strip grazing - Answers What are the three systems of grazing management we discussed in class? Make - pastures are divided into smaller paddocks and animals are only allowed to access to one paddock at a time - high animal density - forage rapidly grazed - increase average forage quality by eliminating over and under grazed patches - Answers rotational grazing: continuous grazing - Answers - stocking a pasture with animals at all times - least costly - results in over and under grazed patches of pasture - excess growth may be stockpiled for use later strip grazing - Answers - animals are allowed access to a new strip of pasture daily or several times a day - used extensively in New Zealand - ryegrass - orchard grass - tall fescue - timothy - Answers what are examples of cool season grasses? cool season - Answers species that grow most rapidly during the cool moist seasons of the year and usually go dormant during the hot dry periods of the year warm season - Answers species that grow during the warm or hot periods and are dormant during the cool periods. - bahiagrass - Dallisgrass - Johnsongrass - Answers what are some warm season grasses? perennial - Answers bloom multiple times a year - tall fescue - ryegrass - sericea (lespedeza) - peanut - Answers what are some perennial plants? annual - Answers - lives one growing season - species that are replanted yearly to provide forage during the hot dry summer months - ryegrass (this type grown in LA) - grasses as forage - Answers what are examples of annual? summer annual? legume - Answers - any of a large family of herbs, shrubs, trees. - including peas, beams, vetches, clovers, etc. usually with compound leaves - flowers having single carpel - and fruit that is dry pod splitting alont two sutures - many are nitrogen fixing - often used as green manure and for forage grasses - Answers - any of a family plant with long, narrow leaves, jointed stems, flowers in spikelets, seed like fruit - legumes - alfalfa - clovers - Answers Which forages may commonly cause bloat in ruminants? - Johnsongrass - warm season - forage sorghum - Answers Which grasses may contain undesirable levels of prussic acid (cyanogenic glycoside)? bermudagrass - Answers Warm season grass and is the most extensively produced hay crop in South - lespedeza - natural anthelmintic in sheep (dewormer) - Answers Warm season legume, stemmy and shrubby in appearance, and is important for pasture and hay in SE states - red clover - salivation- slaframine (mycotoxin) - Answers Most widely grown clover in North America; similar to alfalfa but not as productive; May cause profuse salivation (slobbers) in cattle - white clover - continuously grazed w/o harm - Answers Major pasture legume in North America, Europe, New Zealand, parts of Australia and South America; quite resistant to grazing pressure - tall fescue - fescue foot - Answers Deep rooted, drought resistant cool season perennial grass infected with endophyte fungus that produce ergot alkaloids fescue foot - Answers - loss of blood supply to extremities during cold weather - results in tissue loss, necrosis of hooves, lower limbs, tail, and tips of ears - cattle: major species affected - annual rye grass - intolerant to drought - can survive flooding - productive on poorly drained soils - Answers Cool season grass grown extensively throughout Louisiana as forage crop and is widely used for beef and dairy cattle. ryegrass staggers - Answers - ryegrass staggers: neural dysfunction caused by endophyte - produce a different class of toxins than those found in fescue (tremorgens) - can observe same symptoms as with fescue toxicosis - sweet clover - common in great plains, midwest, canada - coarse and stemmy - inhibits vitamin K and inhibits blood clotting - Answers Which legume contains coumarin, which may cause "bleeding disease" in animals that consume it? hay - Answers Forage that has been stored at 15% moisture or less is ______________________ silage - Answers Forage preserved by anaerobic fermentation: ______________ - stems (leafiness: where most nutrients are) - higher ligninfication - Answers (a) What component of the plant is considered to be completely indigestible? (b) What happens to the content of this component as a plant matures? - HM: allows for clostridial bacteria to predominate - results in a poor quality fermentation that is unpalatable (butyric acid) - LM: may not allow for adequate removal of oxygen or heat dissipation - Answers Forage materials ensiled too wet may result in what problem? What about if ensiled too dry? between 65 and 75% - Answers what should ensilage moisture be? - relative feeding value - measure of forage quality - determines by combining the digestibility and potential intake of a forage into number - Answers what is RFV? - amount of NDF and ADF, which tells us the maturity of the forage plant when harvested - forage with high ADF and NDF levels will score poorly b/c the ability of the horse to digest this forage and meet their nutrient needs is reduced - Answers what is RFV number based on? - crude protein bc it is not highly correlated with digestibility or intake