NR 507 – Week 4 Advanced Pathophysiology Midterm Exam Practice Questions Study Guide, Chamberlain University Latest Edition (2026)

NR 507 WEEK 4 MIDTERM ADVANCED
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY MIDTERM EXAM LATEST
EDITION CHAMBERLAIN COLLEGE OF NURSING
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS 2026
Hypersensitivity Type 1 - ans-Type 1: Allergic Reaction ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


Mediated by IgE ws ws


Inflammation due to mast cell degranulation ws ws ws ws ws


local symptoms: Itching, rash
ws ws ws


Systemic symptoms: wheezing ws ws


Most dangerous form: anaphylactic reaction-
ws ws ws ws


systemic hypotension, severe bronchoconstriction
ws ws ws ws


Main treatment: epinephrine
ws ws




Hypersensitivity Type 2 - ans-Type 2: Cytotoxic, tissue-specific (thyroid tissue)
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


Primary effector cells: Macrophages
ws ws ws


Can cause tissue damage or alter the function
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


Example: Graves disease (alters thyroid function but does not alter tissue)
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


Example: Incompatible blood type (cell/tissue damage)-
ws ws ws ws ws


Severe transfusion reaction occurs and the transfused erythrocytes are destroyed b
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


y agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
ws ws ws ws




Hypersensitivity Type 2 and 3 difference - ans-Type 2: Organ-
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


specific, the antibody binds to an antigen on the cell surface
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


Type 3: Not organ-
ws ws ws


specific, the antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was relea
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


sed into the blood or body fluids and then the complex is distributed into tissues
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws




Hypersensitivity Type 3 Examples - ans-Rheumatoid Arthritis: antigen/
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


antibodies are deposited in the joints
ws ws ws ws ws ws


Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)- very closely related to autoimmunity-antigen/
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


antibodies deposit in organs that cause tissue damage
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws




Scope of damage of SLE- Type 3 Hypersensitivity- autoimmune response - ans-
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


rash confined to cheeks (malar rash)
ws ws ws ws ws


discoid rash (raised, patchy, scaly)
ws ws ws ws

, photosensitivity ws


oral/nasopharyngeal ulcers ws ws


hematologic disorders ws


immunologic disorders ws ws


non-erosive arthritis ws ws


serositis ws


renal disorder (proteinuria)
ws ws


neurologic disorders (seizures) ws ws


antinuclear antibody (ANA) ws ws




Autoimmunity - ans-Familial ws ws


Affected family members may not have same dz, but several members may have ot
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


her disorders characterized by a variety of hypersensitivity reactions that include aut
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


oimmune or allergic reactions ws ws ws


Associations with particular autoimmune diseases have been identified for a variety
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) alleles or non-MHC genes
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws




Alloimmunity - ans- ws ws


When an individual's immune system reacts against antigens on the tissues of other
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws w


members of the same species
s ws ws ws ws


Examples: neonatal dz where the maternal immune system becomes sensitized agai
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


nst antigens expressed by the fetus, transplant rejection, transfusion reaction
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws




Hypersensitivity Type 4 - ans-delayed response ws ws ws ws ws ws


does not involve antigen/antibody complexes like Type 1
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


T-cell mediated ws




Relationship between Type 2 and type 4 Hypersensisivity - ans-
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


Organ rejection involves cytotoxicity (type 2)
ws ws ws ws ws


T-cells play a major role in organ rejection (Type 4- T-cell mediated)
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


Antigens from target cells stimulate T-cells to differentiate into cytotoxic (type 2) T-
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


cells
These T-cells have direct cytotoxic activity along with help T-
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


cells involved in delayed hypersensitivity (type 4)
ws ws ws ws ws ws




Difference between Type 1 and Type 4 Rash - ans-
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions, termed atopic dermatitis are characteri
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


zed by widely distributed lesions
ws ws ws ws


Type 4: contact dermatitis (delayed hypersensitivity) consists of lesions only at the si
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


te of contact with the allergen
ws ws ws ws ws


Key determinant is timing of rash:
ws ws ws ws ws


Type 1- immediate
ws ws


Type 4: delayed-several days following contact (poison ivy)
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws




Treatment of Type 4 Hypersensitivity Rash - ans-A non-
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws


severe case of contact dermatitis would be treated with a topical steroid
ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws ws