WGU C224 CORRECT EXAMS TEST PAPER
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Applied Research - ✔✔research focused on providing immediate solutions to
practical, real-world questions/issues
✔✔Types of Assessment - ✔✔Formative and Summative
✔✔Formative Assessment - ✔✔assessment focused on program improvement
✔✔Summative Assessment - ✔✔assessment focused on program effectiveness and
continuation
✔✔Varieties of Assessment - ✔✔Needs Assessment, Theory Assessment,
Implementation Assessment, Impact Assessment, and Efficiency Assessment
✔✔Needs Assessment - ✔✔assessment evaluating if there is a need for the particular
type of program under examination
✔✔Theory Assessment - ✔✔assessment evaluating if the program under examination
is conceptualized in a way that it should be successful
,✔✔Implementation Assessment - ✔✔assessment evaluating if the program under
examination was implemented properly and according to the program's plan
✔✔Impact Assessment - ✔✔assessment evaluating if the program under examination
had an impact on the targeted participants
✔✔Efficiency Assessment - ✔✔assessment evaluating if the program under
examination is cost effective
✔✔Epistemology - ✔✔the theory of knowledge and its justification
✔✔Sources of Knowledge - ✔✔Experience and Reasoning
✔✔Empiricism - ✔✔the belief that all knowledge comes from experience
✔✔Empirical Statement - ✔✔a statement based on observation, experiment, or
experience; statement capable of being verified based on the same methods that led to
its creation
✔✔Rationalism - ✔✔the idea that the primary source of knowledge is reason
✔✔Types of Reasoning - ✔✔Deductive and Inductive
✔✔Deductive Reasoning - ✔✔drawing a conclusion that is true if the underlying
premises are true; basing a specific statement on general statements; moving from
general to specific
✔✔Inductive Reasoning - ✔✔conclusions based on specific facts; what is probably true,
but not necessarily true; moving from specific to general
✔✔Probabilistic Reasoning - ✔✔reasoning that states what is likely to occur, but not
necessarily what will occur
✔✔Science - ✔✔an approach to knowledge generation that holds empirical data in high
regard and follows certain norms/practices
✔✔Dynamics of Science - ✔✔1) Science is broadly progressive, 2) Science is
compelling, 3) Science is critical, 4) Science is never-ending
✔✔Factors Related to Educational Research - ✔✔Psychological, Social-Psychological,
and Sociological factors
✔✔Psychological Factors - ✔✔factors dealing with the individual that are related to
educational issues; the individual
, ✔✔Social-Psychological Factors - ✔✔factors dealing with how people interact and
relate to one-another; factors dealing with how groups and individuals affect each other;
the individual and the group
✔✔Sociological Factors - ✔✔factors dealing with how groups form and change; the
group
✔✔Cycle of Knowledge Generation - ✔✔Theory-->Hypotheses/Prediction--
>Observations/Data-->Patterns/Descriptions
✔✔Scientific Methods - ✔✔Exploratory and Confirmatory
✔✔Exploratory Method - ✔✔method used to explain a certain phenomena; qualitative,
"inductive" method
✔✔Confirmatory Method - ✔✔method used to confirm a theory; quantitative, "deductive"
method
✔✔Theory - ✔✔an explanation that often explains how and why something happens
✔✔Rule of Parsimony - ✔✔when two theories are competing, the more
simple/concise/succinct theory will be considered superior
✔✔Criterion of Falsifiability - ✔✔a theory should be accepted or rejected based on
multiple negative or positive outcomes when it is tested
✔✔Principle of Evidence - ✔✔the idea that evidence is not proof; a theory is considered
to be true based on strong evidence; the idea that evidence suggests a theory is true,
but cannot make a definitive statement
✔✔Ontology - ✔✔research's inherent understanding of reality and truth
✔✔Sampling - ✔✔the process of drawing a sample from a population
✔✔Population - ✔✔the group from which a smaller sample is drawn
✔✔Sample - ✔✔the group drawn and studied from a larger population
✔✔Quantitative Research - ✔✔research approach that answers research questions
with numerical data
✔✔Objective of Quantitative Research - ✔✔Description, Explanation, Prediction,
Influence
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔Applied Research - ✔✔research focused on providing immediate solutions to
practical, real-world questions/issues
✔✔Types of Assessment - ✔✔Formative and Summative
✔✔Formative Assessment - ✔✔assessment focused on program improvement
✔✔Summative Assessment - ✔✔assessment focused on program effectiveness and
continuation
✔✔Varieties of Assessment - ✔✔Needs Assessment, Theory Assessment,
Implementation Assessment, Impact Assessment, and Efficiency Assessment
✔✔Needs Assessment - ✔✔assessment evaluating if there is a need for the particular
type of program under examination
✔✔Theory Assessment - ✔✔assessment evaluating if the program under examination
is conceptualized in a way that it should be successful
,✔✔Implementation Assessment - ✔✔assessment evaluating if the program under
examination was implemented properly and according to the program's plan
✔✔Impact Assessment - ✔✔assessment evaluating if the program under examination
had an impact on the targeted participants
✔✔Efficiency Assessment - ✔✔assessment evaluating if the program under
examination is cost effective
✔✔Epistemology - ✔✔the theory of knowledge and its justification
✔✔Sources of Knowledge - ✔✔Experience and Reasoning
✔✔Empiricism - ✔✔the belief that all knowledge comes from experience
✔✔Empirical Statement - ✔✔a statement based on observation, experiment, or
experience; statement capable of being verified based on the same methods that led to
its creation
✔✔Rationalism - ✔✔the idea that the primary source of knowledge is reason
✔✔Types of Reasoning - ✔✔Deductive and Inductive
✔✔Deductive Reasoning - ✔✔drawing a conclusion that is true if the underlying
premises are true; basing a specific statement on general statements; moving from
general to specific
✔✔Inductive Reasoning - ✔✔conclusions based on specific facts; what is probably true,
but not necessarily true; moving from specific to general
✔✔Probabilistic Reasoning - ✔✔reasoning that states what is likely to occur, but not
necessarily what will occur
✔✔Science - ✔✔an approach to knowledge generation that holds empirical data in high
regard and follows certain norms/practices
✔✔Dynamics of Science - ✔✔1) Science is broadly progressive, 2) Science is
compelling, 3) Science is critical, 4) Science is never-ending
✔✔Factors Related to Educational Research - ✔✔Psychological, Social-Psychological,
and Sociological factors
✔✔Psychological Factors - ✔✔factors dealing with the individual that are related to
educational issues; the individual
, ✔✔Social-Psychological Factors - ✔✔factors dealing with how people interact and
relate to one-another; factors dealing with how groups and individuals affect each other;
the individual and the group
✔✔Sociological Factors - ✔✔factors dealing with how groups form and change; the
group
✔✔Cycle of Knowledge Generation - ✔✔Theory-->Hypotheses/Prediction--
>Observations/Data-->Patterns/Descriptions
✔✔Scientific Methods - ✔✔Exploratory and Confirmatory
✔✔Exploratory Method - ✔✔method used to explain a certain phenomena; qualitative,
"inductive" method
✔✔Confirmatory Method - ✔✔method used to confirm a theory; quantitative, "deductive"
method
✔✔Theory - ✔✔an explanation that often explains how and why something happens
✔✔Rule of Parsimony - ✔✔when two theories are competing, the more
simple/concise/succinct theory will be considered superior
✔✔Criterion of Falsifiability - ✔✔a theory should be accepted or rejected based on
multiple negative or positive outcomes when it is tested
✔✔Principle of Evidence - ✔✔the idea that evidence is not proof; a theory is considered
to be true based on strong evidence; the idea that evidence suggests a theory is true,
but cannot make a definitive statement
✔✔Ontology - ✔✔research's inherent understanding of reality and truth
✔✔Sampling - ✔✔the process of drawing a sample from a population
✔✔Population - ✔✔the group from which a smaller sample is drawn
✔✔Sample - ✔✔the group drawn and studied from a larger population
✔✔Quantitative Research - ✔✔research approach that answers research questions
with numerical data
✔✔Objective of Quantitative Research - ✔✔Description, Explanation, Prediction,
Influence
