NR 283 – Pathophysiology Exam 1 Revision Practice Questions Study Guide Latest Edition (2026)

NR 283 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 1REVISION
PRACTICE QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT AND VERIFIED
ANSWERS LATEST EDITION
Etiology - ans-Cause of particular disease on microscopic level
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Pathogenesis - ans-Story of how disease develops ws ws ws ws ws ws




Atrophy - ans-Decrease in the size of the cells, results in reduced tissue mass
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Hypertrophy - ans-Increase in cell size, results in enlarged tissue mass
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Hyperplasia - ans-Increased number of cells, results in enlarged tissue mass
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Metaplasia - ans- ws ws


Mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type, Ex: chronic smokers, cel
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ls lose cilia
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Dysplasia - ans-Cells are different looking varying in size and shape
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Neoplasia - ans-New growth, commonly a tumor. May be malignant or benign
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Apoptosis - ans-Programmed cell death, normal occurrence in the body
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Ischemia - ans-Deficit of oxygen in the cells
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Hypoxia - ans-Reduced oxygen in the tissues
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Iatrogenic - ans- ws ws


illness or disease process because a medical process was done ex: CAUTI
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Autosomal Recessive Disorders - ans-
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Has to have two recessive genes to have disease, only one recessive gene to be c
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arrier ex: Cystic fibrosis, PKU (phenylketonuria), Tay-Sachs
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Cystic fibrosis - ans-
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autosomal recessive disorder that causes thick mucous secretions
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PKU (phenylketonuria) - ans-
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autosomal recessive disorder that causes an inability to metabolize phenylalanine. C
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an cause mental retardation. Pt must follow strict very low protein diet
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, Tay-Sachs - ans- ws ws


autosomal recessive disorder that causes an enzyme to not be produced causing fat
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ty proteins build up causing destruction of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord
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Autosomal Dominant Disorders - ans- ws ws ws ws


Only takes one gene for disease to show. There are no carriers, either have diseas
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e or don't. Marfan Syndrome, Huntington's, Familial Hypercholesterolemia
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Marfan Syndrome - ans- ws ws ws


Autosomal Dominant Disorder, causes long extremities, congenital heart defects
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Huntington's Disease - ans- ws ws ws


Autosomal Dominant Disorder, nerve cells break down over time, causing involuntary
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movements
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Familial Hypercholesterolemia - ans-Autosomal Dominant Disorder, high cholesterol
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X-Linked Disorders - ans-Disorder carried on the x chromosome
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Recessive X-Linked Disorders - ans- ws ws ws ws


Color blindness, more prominent in males, XcY male color blind, XcXc female color
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blind. XcX not color blind only carrier.
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Chromosomal Disorder - ans-not inherited, theres a problem on the chromosome
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Types of Chromosomal Disorders - ans-
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Down's Syndrome, Turner Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome
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Down's Syndrome - ans-Trisomy 21
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Turner Syndrome - ans-Only affects females, short stature, infertility, XO
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Klinefelter Syndrome - ans- ws ws ws


Only affects males, develop breasts and small testes, extra X chromosome present
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XXY

Intracellular Fluid - ans-Fluid inside the cell, accounts for 2/3 of body water
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Extracellular Fluid - ans- ws ws ws


Fluid outside the cell, IVF (intravascular fluid or blood plasma), ISF (interstitial fluid o
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r fluid between tissues and blood), CSF, and Transcellular fluid (Synovial, Pericardial
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cavities)
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Hydrostatic Pressure - ans-Push, typically happens at the arterial level
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