Test 3 Key Points
RISK FACTORS FOR SEPSIS
SEPSIS: A life-threatening condition that happens when the body's response
to an infection becomes uncontrolled and starts damaging its own tissues
and organs.
1. Extremes of Age (weaker immune system)
Infants/newborns
Older adults >65 y/o
2. Weakened Immune System (immunosuppression)
HIV/AIDS
Cancer patients
Chemotherapy
Organ transplant patients
Long-term corticosteroid use (decrease in WBC count)
3. Chronic Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus
Chronic kidney disease
COPD
Liver disease
Heart Failure
4. Recent Infection
Pneumonia
UTI
Skin infections
Wound infections
5. Hospitalization
ICU
Long hospital stay
Recent surgery
6. Invasive Devices
Foley catheter
IV lines
Feeding tubes
7. Recent Surgery or Trauma
Open wounds
, Burns
Tissue Injury
8. Poor Nutrition
Protein deficiency weakens the immune system
9. Pregnancy or Recent Childbirth
High risk due to physiological changes and possible infection
10. Antibiotic resistance
Can lead to resistant organisms that are harder to control
11. Substance Use
Alcohol
Smoking
IV drug use
PRIMARY VS SECONDARY VS TERTIARY
PREVENTION
PRIMARY PREVENTION: Prevent disease before it occurs (vaccines, healthy
diet, exercise, smoking cessation, seat belts).
SECONDARY PREVENTION: Detects the disease early and treat it promptly. The
disease is present without symptoms. (blood pressure screening,
mammograms, pap smears, colonoscopy, cholesterol screening)
TERTIARY PREVENTION: Reduce complications and improve quality of life after
the disease has been diagnosed. (cardiac rehabilitation, physical therapy
after stroke, dialysis, diabetes education
USE AND FUNCTION OF VACCINES
VACCINES are suspensions of whole or fractionated bacteria or viruses that
have been treated to make them nonpathogenic (unable to cause disease).
USE: They are recommended to maintain optimal health and immune status.
FUNCTIONS:
Stimulate the immune system
Produce active acquired immunity
Trigger the production of antibodies and memory cells
Protect against future infections
Provide long-term protection through immune memory
, PASSIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
Short-term protection
Antibodies come from the mother through the placenta,
colostrum/breast milk
Examples: Maternal antibodies, immune globulin injections
ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
Long-term protection
The body produces its own antibodies
Occurs after having the disease or receiving a vaccine
Examples: MMR, Influenza, tetanus vaccine
VACCINE ADMINISTRATION
Perform sensitivity test (intradermal injection)
If no reaction occurs after 20 min, administer the vaccine
DO NOT ADMINISTER
FLU vaccine if the patient is allergic to eggs
Tetanus antitoxin if allergic to horse serum
Live-virus vaccines to immunosuppressed clients or those living in
close household contact.
Active immunization if the client has an infection, because they can
produce a greater inflammatory response
EXPECTED REACTIONS
Redness
Swelling
Tenderness
SERIOUS REACTIONS
Fever
Injection site hypersensitivity
Rash
injection site edema
RISK FACTORS FOR SEPSIS
SEPSIS: A life-threatening condition that happens when the body's response
to an infection becomes uncontrolled and starts damaging its own tissues
and organs.
1. Extremes of Age (weaker immune system)
Infants/newborns
Older adults >65 y/o
2. Weakened Immune System (immunosuppression)
HIV/AIDS
Cancer patients
Chemotherapy
Organ transplant patients
Long-term corticosteroid use (decrease in WBC count)
3. Chronic Diseases
Diabetes Mellitus
Chronic kidney disease
COPD
Liver disease
Heart Failure
4. Recent Infection
Pneumonia
UTI
Skin infections
Wound infections
5. Hospitalization
ICU
Long hospital stay
Recent surgery
6. Invasive Devices
Foley catheter
IV lines
Feeding tubes
7. Recent Surgery or Trauma
Open wounds
, Burns
Tissue Injury
8. Poor Nutrition
Protein deficiency weakens the immune system
9. Pregnancy or Recent Childbirth
High risk due to physiological changes and possible infection
10. Antibiotic resistance
Can lead to resistant organisms that are harder to control
11. Substance Use
Alcohol
Smoking
IV drug use
PRIMARY VS SECONDARY VS TERTIARY
PREVENTION
PRIMARY PREVENTION: Prevent disease before it occurs (vaccines, healthy
diet, exercise, smoking cessation, seat belts).
SECONDARY PREVENTION: Detects the disease early and treat it promptly. The
disease is present without symptoms. (blood pressure screening,
mammograms, pap smears, colonoscopy, cholesterol screening)
TERTIARY PREVENTION: Reduce complications and improve quality of life after
the disease has been diagnosed. (cardiac rehabilitation, physical therapy
after stroke, dialysis, diabetes education
USE AND FUNCTION OF VACCINES
VACCINES are suspensions of whole or fractionated bacteria or viruses that
have been treated to make them nonpathogenic (unable to cause disease).
USE: They are recommended to maintain optimal health and immune status.
FUNCTIONS:
Stimulate the immune system
Produce active acquired immunity
Trigger the production of antibodies and memory cells
Protect against future infections
Provide long-term protection through immune memory
, PASSIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
Short-term protection
Antibodies come from the mother through the placenta,
colostrum/breast milk
Examples: Maternal antibodies, immune globulin injections
ACTIVE ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
Long-term protection
The body produces its own antibodies
Occurs after having the disease or receiving a vaccine
Examples: MMR, Influenza, tetanus vaccine
VACCINE ADMINISTRATION
Perform sensitivity test (intradermal injection)
If no reaction occurs after 20 min, administer the vaccine
DO NOT ADMINISTER
FLU vaccine if the patient is allergic to eggs
Tetanus antitoxin if allergic to horse serum
Live-virus vaccines to immunosuppressed clients or those living in
close household contact.
Active immunization if the client has an infection, because they can
produce a greater inflammatory response
EXPECTED REACTIONS
Redness
Swelling
Tenderness
SERIOUS REACTIONS
Fever
Injection site hypersensitivity
Rash
injection site edema
