Neuropsychology Exam 1, Mayhew
Questions With Correct Answers
What is trephination or trepanning, why is it done? What cultures was it
| | | | | | | | | | | |
known in? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Making holes in skull; possibly for
| | | | | | | | | | |
relieving pressure on skull b/c of TBI; magical form of healing; ancient
| | | | | | | | | | | |
neurosurgery
What were the two theories about the structure where behavior
| | | | | | | | | |
originates? What theory was held by Hippocrates? Aristotle? - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Cardiac hypothesis and brain hypothesis; Hippocrates = | | | | | | |
brain hypothesis, Aristotle = cardiac hypothesis
| | | | |
What was Galen's knowledge of anatomy based on? How did Andreas
| | | | | | | | | | |
Vesalius improve upon this, how was he able to do so? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Galen dissected monkeys; Vesalius was able to dissect | | | | | | | |
convicted criminals after execution | | |
4. What is phrenology and its relation to localization of function? Who
| | | | | | | | | | | |
were the first two men famous for holding to localization of function? -
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Phrenology is non-scientific map of the brain
| | | | | | | |
based on bumps outside of skull, determines personality/qualities;
| | | | | | | |
Franz Joseph Gall and Johann Casper Spurzheim
| | | | | |
,5. What is equipotentiality? What led Flourens to hold the view of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
equipotentiality of function in the brain? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | |
Equipotentiality is the view that pieces of brain could take over any
| | | | | | | | | | | |
function, so all parts had equal potential for any action; plasticity of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
brain; conducted surgery on animals by cutting out parts of brain and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
observing effects - discovered functions of hemispheres
| | | | | |
6. What view did Hughlings Jackson propound w.r.t the organization of
| | | | | | | | | | |
the nervous system? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Brain is organized in
| | | | | | | | |
hierarchical way; higher level = more complex
| | | | | |
Motor cortex |
Premotor
Thalamus
Spine
PNS
Stimulus
7. What was Luria's view on the organization of the nervous system? -
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Nervous system contains 3 functional units:
| | | | | | |
1. Brain stem - basic functions;
| | | | | |
2. Back of brain - perception and analyzing sensory info;
| | | | | | | | | |
,3. Front of brain - analyzing complex behavior; whole units can't take
| | | | | | | | | | | |
over in injury but small parts could
| | | | | |
8. What is the distinction between the central and peripheral nervous
| | | | | | | | | | |
system? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Central nervous system - process info
| | | | | | | | |
and determine appropriate responses
| | |
Peripheral nervous system - gather sensory info and control actions
| | | | | | | | |
9. What parts comprise the central nervous system? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Brain and spinal cord | | |
10. What is the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous
| | | | | | | | | | |
system? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Somatic nervous system - controls
| | | | | | | |
body actions |
Autonomic nervous system - regulated bodily functions
| | | | | |
11. Explain the difference between efferent and afferent fibers? -
| | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Efferent - "away" ; nerves go away from brain
| | | | | | | | | |
and make muscles move
| | |
Afferent - "towards" ; nerves go towards brain and info sent to brain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
12. How are the directions ventral, dorsal, rostral, caudal, medial,
| | | | | | | | | |
lateral, superior, inferior, anterior and posterior used? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-• ventral - towards stomach | | | |
, • dorsal - toward back
| | | |
• rostral - towards snout
| | | |
• caudal - towards tail
| | | |
• medial - towards middle
| | | |
• lateral - towards side
| | | |
• superior - (dorsal) towards top of head
| | | | | | |
• inferior - (ventral) towards bottom of head
| | | | | | |
• anterior - (rostral) towards front of head
| | | | | | |
• posterior - (caudal) towards back of head
| | | | | | |
13. How are dorsal, ventral, rostral and caudal different for the head and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
the trunk? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Dorsal: trunk = back, head = top
| | | | | | | | | | |
Ventral: trunk = stomach, head = down
| | | | | |
Rostral: trunk = up towards neck, head = forehead
| | | | | | | |
Caudal: trunk = bottom/down, head = back
| | | | | |
14. What are the sagittal, transverse, horizontal, frontal, coronal,
| | | | | | | | |
midsagittal planes of section? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Coronal (frontal)
| | | | | | |
- frontal view
| | |
Horizontal (transverse) - dorsal view | | | |
Midsagittal - left and right | | | |
Sagittal- planes parallel to midsagittal
| | | |
Questions With Correct Answers
What is trephination or trepanning, why is it done? What cultures was it
| | | | | | | | | | | |
known in? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Making holes in skull; possibly for
| | | | | | | | | | |
relieving pressure on skull b/c of TBI; magical form of healing; ancient
| | | | | | | | | | | |
neurosurgery
What were the two theories about the structure where behavior
| | | | | | | | | |
originates? What theory was held by Hippocrates? Aristotle? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Cardiac hypothesis and brain hypothesis; Hippocrates = | | | | | | |
brain hypothesis, Aristotle = cardiac hypothesis
| | | | |
What was Galen's knowledge of anatomy based on? How did Andreas
| | | | | | | | | | |
Vesalius improve upon this, how was he able to do so? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Galen dissected monkeys; Vesalius was able to dissect | | | | | | | |
convicted criminals after execution | | |
4. What is phrenology and its relation to localization of function? Who
| | | | | | | | | | | |
were the first two men famous for holding to localization of function? -
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Phrenology is non-scientific map of the brain
| | | | | | | |
based on bumps outside of skull, determines personality/qualities;
| | | | | | | |
Franz Joseph Gall and Johann Casper Spurzheim
| | | | | |
,5. What is equipotentiality? What led Flourens to hold the view of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
equipotentiality of function in the brain? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
| | | | | | | |
Equipotentiality is the view that pieces of brain could take over any
| | | | | | | | | | | |
function, so all parts had equal potential for any action; plasticity of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
brain; conducted surgery on animals by cutting out parts of brain and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
observing effects - discovered functions of hemispheres
| | | | | |
6. What view did Hughlings Jackson propound w.r.t the organization of
| | | | | | | | | | |
the nervous system? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Brain is organized in
| | | | | | | | |
hierarchical way; higher level = more complex
| | | | | |
Motor cortex |
Premotor
Thalamus
Spine
PNS
Stimulus
7. What was Luria's view on the organization of the nervous system? -
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Nervous system contains 3 functional units:
| | | | | | |
1. Brain stem - basic functions;
| | | | | |
2. Back of brain - perception and analyzing sensory info;
| | | | | | | | | |
,3. Front of brain - analyzing complex behavior; whole units can't take
| | | | | | | | | | | |
over in injury but small parts could
| | | | | |
8. What is the distinction between the central and peripheral nervous
| | | | | | | | | | |
system? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Central nervous system - process info
| | | | | | | | |
and determine appropriate responses
| | |
Peripheral nervous system - gather sensory info and control actions
| | | | | | | | |
9. What parts comprise the central nervous system? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-Brain and spinal cord | | |
10. What is the difference between the somatic and autonomic nervous
| | | | | | | | | | |
system? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Somatic nervous system - controls
| | | | | | | |
body actions |
Autonomic nervous system - regulated bodily functions
| | | | | |
11. Explain the difference between efferent and afferent fibers? -
| | | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Efferent - "away" ; nerves go away from brain
| | | | | | | | | |
and make muscles move
| | |
Afferent - "towards" ; nerves go towards brain and info sent to brain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
12. How are the directions ventral, dorsal, rostral, caudal, medial,
| | | | | | | | | |
lateral, superior, inferior, anterior and posterior used? - CORRECT
| | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-• ventral - towards stomach | | | |
, • dorsal - toward back
| | | |
• rostral - towards snout
| | | |
• caudal - towards tail
| | | |
• medial - towards middle
| | | |
• lateral - towards side
| | | |
• superior - (dorsal) towards top of head
| | | | | | |
• inferior - (ventral) towards bottom of head
| | | | | | |
• anterior - (rostral) towards front of head
| | | | | | |
• posterior - (caudal) towards back of head
| | | | | | |
13. How are dorsal, ventral, rostral and caudal different for the head and
| | | | | | | | | | | |
the trunk? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Dorsal: trunk = back, head = top
| | | | | | | | | | |
Ventral: trunk = stomach, head = down
| | | | | |
Rostral: trunk = up towards neck, head = forehead
| | | | | | | |
Caudal: trunk = bottom/down, head = back
| | | | | |
14. What are the sagittal, transverse, horizontal, frontal, coronal,
| | | | | | | | |
midsagittal planes of section? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Coronal (frontal)
| | | | | | |
- frontal view
| | |
Horizontal (transverse) - dorsal view | | | |
Midsagittal - left and right | | | |
Sagittal- planes parallel to midsagittal
| | | |
