PSYU3344 Neuropsychology in Clinical
Practice Final Exam Prep Questions With
Correct Answers
Traumatic brain injury - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an acquired brain injury
| | | | | | | | |
due to damage to the brain as a result of the sudden application of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
mechanical energy from external physical forces | | | | |
Penetrating (open) TBI - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-when a foreign object
| | | | | | | | |
enters the brain; pathology concentrated around the path of the
| | | | | | | | | |
intruding object |
Contact (closed) TBI - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-when the head suddenly
| | | | | | | | |
at force comes into contact with a stationary object; brain compresses
| | | | | | | | | | |
against the inner surface of the skull; ricocheting movement; lesions all
| | | | | | | | | | |
over the surface of the brain from the deceleration; most common
| | | | | | | | | | |
form; diffuse/widespread pathology; outcome often poorer
| | | | |
TBI prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-very common neurological
| | | | | | |
syndrome; males:females = 2-3:1 (more common among males than
| | | | | | | | |
females)
,Cause of TBI - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Fall, transport-related accident,
| | | | | | | |
assault, sports injury; falls most common for children and adults older
| | | | | | | | | | |
than 45; | |
Violence and motor vehicle accidents most common form for
| | | | | | | | |
adolescents and young adults; | | | |
Occurs more in lower SES, unemployed, substance abuse, poor
| | | | | | | | |
academic performance |
Sports-related concussion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-rates highest for | | | | | | |
motor sports, equestrian activities, Australian football, rugby and roller
| | | | | | | | |
sports; in Vic the frequency of hopsitalisation increased by 60.5% over 9
| | | | | | | | | | | |
years and accounted for 16.5% of all hospitalisations for concussion
| | | | | | | | |
A TBI can occur due to - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-both contact forces to
| | | | | | | | | | | |
the head and acceleration/deceleration head movements (brain
| | | | | | |
suddenly starts moving in the skull); linear forces and angular rotation
| | | | | | | | | |
Inertia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Brain lags behind the skull. The head
| | | | | | | | | |
starts moving but the brain is lagging behind and this is why the brain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
will start ricocheting off of the inner surface of the skull when
| | | | | | | | | | | |
acceleration/deceleration forces are applied to the head. This causes | | | | | | | | |
bruising and tearing of the external surface of the skull and because the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
brain is comprised of tissues with different densities, tissues move
| | | | | | | | | |
relative to one another. | | |
,Neuropathology of TBI: Immediate (primary effects) - CORRECT | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-what happens at the actual time of trauma: | | | | | | |
- injury to scalp
| | |
- fractures to skull
| | |
- surface brain contusions (bruising)
| | | | |
- cerebral lacerations (tearing from the bony underside of the skull)
| | | | | | | | | |
- diffuse axonal injury (rotational forces and different parts of the brain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
moving relative to one another)
| | | |
- diffuse vascular injury (not just white matter but the different types of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
vessels that supply the brain can also be damaged)
| | | | | | | |
Injury to the scalp - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- external injuries to the
| | | | | | | | | | |
face, scalp: scalp lacerationn, brusing, abrasion
| | | | |
- skull fractures
| | |
- contusion
|
Contusion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bruising. Occurs when the brain
| | | | | | | |
comes into contact with bony areas of the skull.
| | | | | | | |
Coup/countercoup injury - occur individually and together | | | | | |
Coup lesion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-lesion of the brain under the point
| | | | | | | | | | |
of impact (frontal lobes); occur at site of impact/contact
| | | | | | | |
, Countercoup lesion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bruising or contusion of
| | | | | | | |
the occipital lobes opposite the point of impact; associated with
| | | | | | | | | |
translation (linear) acceleration | |
3 protective layers of the brain - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1) Dura mater
| | | | | | | | | |
2) Arachnoid
|
3) Pia mater
| |
Extradural (type of intracranial bleed) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bleed
| | | | | | | |
between the skull and dura mater (first protective layer)
| | | | | | | |
Intradural (type of intracranial bleed) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Subdural
| | | | | | | |
= underneath the dural, between the dura mater and arachnoid (2nd
| | | | | | | | | | |
protective layer) |
Subarachnoid = between the arachnoid and the pia mater (3rd
| | | | | | | | | |
protective layer) |
Intracerebral haematoma - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bleeding within the
| | | | | | |
brain substance itself/hemispheres
| |
White matter tracts - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-one of the principle
| | | | | | | | |
sequalae of TBI | |
Practice Final Exam Prep Questions With
Correct Answers
Traumatic brain injury - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-an acquired brain injury
| | | | | | | | |
due to damage to the brain as a result of the sudden application of
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
mechanical energy from external physical forces | | | | |
Penetrating (open) TBI - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-when a foreign object
| | | | | | | | |
enters the brain; pathology concentrated around the path of the
| | | | | | | | | |
intruding object |
Contact (closed) TBI - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-when the head suddenly
| | | | | | | | |
at force comes into contact with a stationary object; brain compresses
| | | | | | | | | | |
against the inner surface of the skull; ricocheting movement; lesions all
| | | | | | | | | | |
over the surface of the brain from the deceleration; most common
| | | | | | | | | | |
form; diffuse/widespread pathology; outcome often poorer
| | | | |
TBI prevalence - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-very common neurological
| | | | | | |
syndrome; males:females = 2-3:1 (more common among males than
| | | | | | | | |
females)
,Cause of TBI - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Fall, transport-related accident,
| | | | | | | |
assault, sports injury; falls most common for children and adults older
| | | | | | | | | | |
than 45; | |
Violence and motor vehicle accidents most common form for
| | | | | | | | |
adolescents and young adults; | | | |
Occurs more in lower SES, unemployed, substance abuse, poor
| | | | | | | | |
academic performance |
Sports-related concussion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-rates highest for | | | | | | |
motor sports, equestrian activities, Australian football, rugby and roller
| | | | | | | | |
sports; in Vic the frequency of hopsitalisation increased by 60.5% over 9
| | | | | | | | | | | |
years and accounted for 16.5% of all hospitalisations for concussion
| | | | | | | | |
A TBI can occur due to - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-both contact forces to
| | | | | | | | | | | |
the head and acceleration/deceleration head movements (brain
| | | | | | |
suddenly starts moving in the skull); linear forces and angular rotation
| | | | | | | | | |
Inertia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Brain lags behind the skull. The head
| | | | | | | | | |
starts moving but the brain is lagging behind and this is why the brain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
will start ricocheting off of the inner surface of the skull when
| | | | | | | | | | | |
acceleration/deceleration forces are applied to the head. This causes | | | | | | | | |
bruising and tearing of the external surface of the skull and because the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
brain is comprised of tissues with different densities, tissues move
| | | | | | | | | |
relative to one another. | | |
,Neuropathology of TBI: Immediate (primary effects) - CORRECT | | | | | | | |
ANSWER✔✔-what happens at the actual time of trauma: | | | | | | |
- injury to scalp
| | |
- fractures to skull
| | |
- surface brain contusions (bruising)
| | | | |
- cerebral lacerations (tearing from the bony underside of the skull)
| | | | | | | | | |
- diffuse axonal injury (rotational forces and different parts of the brain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
moving relative to one another)
| | | |
- diffuse vascular injury (not just white matter but the different types of
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
vessels that supply the brain can also be damaged)
| | | | | | | |
Injury to the scalp - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- external injuries to the
| | | | | | | | | | |
face, scalp: scalp lacerationn, brusing, abrasion
| | | | |
- skull fractures
| | |
- contusion
|
Contusion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bruising. Occurs when the brain
| | | | | | | |
comes into contact with bony areas of the skull.
| | | | | | | |
Coup/countercoup injury - occur individually and together | | | | | |
Coup lesion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-lesion of the brain under the point
| | | | | | | | | | |
of impact (frontal lobes); occur at site of impact/contact
| | | | | | | |
, Countercoup lesion - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bruising or contusion of
| | | | | | | |
the occipital lobes opposite the point of impact; associated with
| | | | | | | | | |
translation (linear) acceleration | |
3 protective layers of the brain - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-1) Dura mater
| | | | | | | | | |
2) Arachnoid
|
3) Pia mater
| |
Extradural (type of intracranial bleed) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bleed
| | | | | | | |
between the skull and dura mater (first protective layer)
| | | | | | | |
Intradural (type of intracranial bleed) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Subdural
| | | | | | | |
= underneath the dural, between the dura mater and arachnoid (2nd
| | | | | | | | | | |
protective layer) |
Subarachnoid = between the arachnoid and the pia mater (3rd
| | | | | | | | | |
protective layer) |
Intracerebral haematoma - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bleeding within the
| | | | | | |
brain substance itself/hemispheres
| |
White matter tracts - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-one of the principle
| | | | | | | | |
sequalae of TBI | |
