Neuropsychology Exam 1 Questions With
Correct Answers
What is trephination or trepanning, why is it done?
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Trephination/ Trepanning is the scraping of the skull in order to make a
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
hole, so that pressure in the brain can be relieved. We know people did
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
not die because there is healing around the holes
| | | | | | | |
What cultures was it known in? What do we know about the 'theory'
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cultures used to justify trepanning?
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- Some people also believe the holes were made to release toxins and
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
evil spirits from the mind
| | | |
- This was not uncommon and was found in Europe, South Africa, Asia
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What were the two theories about the structure where behavior
| | | | | | | | | |
originates?
,Cardiac Hypothesis- Aristotle
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Brain Hypothesis- Hippocrates/ Galen
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What theory was held by Hippocrates?
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Brain Hypothesis- Hippocrates/ Galen
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-Galen and Hippocrates believe behavior comes from the brain
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-Why?
· Hippocrates→ When the head is injured, the other side of the body
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
stops behaving (cannot move)
| | |
· Galen→ Wrote immense amounts of info on how the brain is
| | | | | | | | | | | |
responsible for emotions. Galen was a surgeon to gladiators and he saw
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many head injuries. Brain damage impairs functioning and sense nerves
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from the eyes and ears go to the brain.
| | | | | | | |
,· Additionally, pressing on the brain causes death, but pressing on the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
heart does not. This directly means that the brain controls behavior
| | | | | | | | | | |
because behavior stops when brain is pressed on.
| | | | | | |
What theory was held by Aristotle?
| | | | |
Cardiac Hypothesis- Aristotle
| |
-Aristotle believes behavior comes from the heart
| | | | | |
-Why?
· The heart is red and warm and the brain is grey and cool so emotions
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
that create behavior cannot come from there
| | | | | |
· Ex. Emotions like love can only come from places that are warm like
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the heart
|
What did humor theory and ventricular theory aim to explain?
| | | | | | | | |
, Aimed to explain where behavior originates (ancient and medieval
| | | | | | | | |
times)
Humor Theory |
Humor Theory: Blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm
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· If they are in balance, then you are healthy, but if not, you are
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
unhealthy
· Too much yellow bile: Produces aggression
| | | | | |
· Too much black bile: Melancholic (sadness)
| | | | | |
· Too much blood: Sanguine (optimistic/ positive)
| | | | | |
· Too much phlegm: Phlegmatic (calm disposition)
| | | | | |
·Galen and Hippocrates held this theory
| | | | |
Correct Answers
What is trephination or trepanning, why is it done?
| | | | | | | |
Trephination/ Trepanning is the scraping of the skull in order to make a
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
hole, so that pressure in the brain can be relieved. We know people did
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
not die because there is healing around the holes
| | | | | | | |
What cultures was it known in? What do we know about the 'theory'
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
cultures used to justify trepanning?
| | | |
- Some people also believe the holes were made to release toxins and
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
evil spirits from the mind
| | | |
- This was not uncommon and was found in Europe, South Africa, Asia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
What were the two theories about the structure where behavior
| | | | | | | | | |
originates?
,Cardiac Hypothesis- Aristotle
| |
Brain Hypothesis- Hippocrates/ Galen
| | |
What theory was held by Hippocrates?
| | | | |
Brain Hypothesis- Hippocrates/ Galen
| | |
-Galen and Hippocrates believe behavior comes from the brain
| | | | | | | |
-Why?
· Hippocrates→ When the head is injured, the other side of the body
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
stops behaving (cannot move)
| | |
· Galen→ Wrote immense amounts of info on how the brain is
| | | | | | | | | | | |
responsible for emotions. Galen was a surgeon to gladiators and he saw
| | | | | | | | | | | |
many head injuries. Brain damage impairs functioning and sense nerves
| | | | | | | | | |
from the eyes and ears go to the brain.
| | | | | | | |
,· Additionally, pressing on the brain causes death, but pressing on the
| | | | | | | | | | | |
heart does not. This directly means that the brain controls behavior
| | | | | | | | | | |
because behavior stops when brain is pressed on.
| | | | | | |
What theory was held by Aristotle?
| | | | |
Cardiac Hypothesis- Aristotle
| |
-Aristotle believes behavior comes from the heart
| | | | | |
-Why?
· The heart is red and warm and the brain is grey and cool so emotions
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
that create behavior cannot come from there
| | | | | |
· Ex. Emotions like love can only come from places that are warm like
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
the heart
|
What did humor theory and ventricular theory aim to explain?
| | | | | | | | |
, Aimed to explain where behavior originates (ancient and medieval
| | | | | | | | |
times)
Humor Theory |
Humor Theory: Blood, yellow bile, black bile, phlegm
| | | | | | |
· If they are in balance, then you are healthy, but if not, you are
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
unhealthy
· Too much yellow bile: Produces aggression
| | | | | |
· Too much black bile: Melancholic (sadness)
| | | | | |
· Too much blood: Sanguine (optimistic/ positive)
| | | | | |
· Too much phlegm: Phlegmatic (calm disposition)
| | | | | |
·Galen and Hippocrates held this theory
| | | | |
