OHIO STATE BOARD NAIL THEORY & ADVANCED MANICURE | EXAM| UPDATED 2026 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS |100% PASS
Bacteria ✔️One-celled microscopic organisms
Nonpathogenic ✔️Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause
disease or harm.
Pathogenic ✔️Harmful, disease causing bacteria
Cocci ✔️Sphere shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in (3) select groups
Staphylococci ✔️Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.
Strepococci ✔️Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads; cause infections such as strep throat and blood
posioning
Diplococci ✔️Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.
Bacilli ✔️Rod-shaped bacteria. They are the most common bacteria & produce diseases such as tuberculosis & lockjaw
Spirilla ✔️Spiral shaped bacteria. They are divided into subgroups and can cause syphilis and lyme disease
Mitosis ✔️(How bacteria grows & reproduces) cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes
Infection ✔️Invasion of the body by a pathogenic bacteria
Pus ✔️A fluid created by infection. Contains white blood cells, debris of dead cells, tissue elements and bacteria
Local infection ✔️An infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing
pus.
General infection (systemic infection) ✔️An infection that results when the bloodstream carries bacteria or viruses to all parts of the body
Virus ✔️A submicroscopic structure that invades and reproduces inside a living cell. Lives only by penetrating cells and becoming part of them.
Cannot live on its own
Hepatitis ✔️Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
HIV ✔️A virus that attacks and destroys the human immune system. Causes AIDS
Hepatitis B and C ✔️Two types of hepatitis that are of concern within the salon
Bloodborne pathogens ✔️Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV.
Parasites ✔️An organism that lives in or on another organism, deriving nourishment at the expense of its host, usually without killing it
Fungi ✔️Single-cell organisms that grow in irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts; can produce contagious diseases such as
ringworm.
Scabies ✔️contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite
Immunity ✔️The ability of the body to destroy any bacteria that have gained entrance and to resist infection in general
Natural immunity ✔️Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living.
Acquired immunity ✔️immunity that the body develops after it overcomes a disease, or through inoculation (such as vaccination)
Contaminants ✔️substances that can cause contamination
Steralization ✔️Highest level of decontamination. it completely destroys every organism on a surface.
Disinfection ✔️A process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacteria spores on hard, nonporous surfaces
Disinfectant ✔️Chemical agents used to destroy most bacteria and viruses on surfaces
, Manufacturer's instructions ✔️Disinfectants must be used in accordance with the
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ✔️These sheets should be available for every product kept in the salon. Operating without this is a health risk
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) ✔️Regulates and enforces health and safety standards in the workplace
Efficacy ✔️The effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills germs when used according to the label instructions
EPA registered disinfectant (tuberculocidal) ✔️Must be used to clean & immerse implements that come into contact with blood
Quats (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds) ✔️A type of disinfectant considered non-toxic, odorless & fast acting (disinfect in 10-15 min)
Phenol ✔️Disinfectant that is a caustic poison, but can be safe and effective if used properly. Mostly used for metal implements and can soften
plastic materials
Alcohol and bleach ✔️Two disinfectants used in the salon in the past, but since replaced by more advanced and effective technologies
Dispensary ✔️MDSD sheets are to be kept in the
Mold ✔️Fungus growth that usually grows in dark, damp places
Mildew ✔️Moldy coating produced by fungi that can appear on walls, fabrics, and the like, and usually occurs in damp areas
Toxins ✔️Carried by mold spores and can cause allergic reactions or sickness in some people
Antiseptics ✔️Chemical germicide. Can kill or prevent the growth of bacteria, but they are not classified as disinfectants. They are weaker than
disinfectants and can be applied safely to skin
Universal Precautions (Standard precautions) ✔️A set of guidelines published by CDC that require the employer and the employee to assume
that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens.
Handwashing ✔️Removes microorganisms by lifting them from the surface of the skin
Infection control ✔️The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms.
EPA ✔️registers all disinfectants sold and used in the USA
Direct transmission ✔️Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking.
Indirect transmission ✔️Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor,
extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface.
Cleaning ✔️The process of removing dirt, dust, blood, or other visible contaminants from tools, implements and equipment
Infectious disease ✔️A disease that is caused by a pathogen and that can be spread from one individual to another.
Bacterial spores ✔️Bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows them to withstand very harsh environments, and shed the
coating when conditions become more favorable.
Bacterialcidal ✔️Capable of killing bacteria
Virucidal ✔️Capable of destroying viruses
Fungicidal ✔️Capable of destroying fungi
Communicable disease ✔️A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another.
Microorganism ✔️Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size.
Mycobacterium ✔️Large family of bacteria found in soil and water
Tinea capitis ✔️A fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicles.
Ring worm ✔️fungal infection of the skin that appears in circular lesions
Bacteria ✔️One-celled microscopic organisms
Nonpathogenic ✔️Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause
disease or harm.
Pathogenic ✔️Harmful, disease causing bacteria
Cocci ✔️Sphere shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in (3) select groups
Staphylococci ✔️Pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.
Strepococci ✔️Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads; cause infections such as strep throat and blood
posioning
Diplococci ✔️Spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.
Bacilli ✔️Rod-shaped bacteria. They are the most common bacteria & produce diseases such as tuberculosis & lockjaw
Spirilla ✔️Spiral shaped bacteria. They are divided into subgroups and can cause syphilis and lyme disease
Mitosis ✔️(How bacteria grows & reproduces) cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes
Infection ✔️Invasion of the body by a pathogenic bacteria
Pus ✔️A fluid created by infection. Contains white blood cells, debris of dead cells, tissue elements and bacteria
Local infection ✔️An infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing
pus.
General infection (systemic infection) ✔️An infection that results when the bloodstream carries bacteria or viruses to all parts of the body
Virus ✔️A submicroscopic structure that invades and reproduces inside a living cell. Lives only by penetrating cells and becoming part of them.
Cannot live on its own
Hepatitis ✔️Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
HIV ✔️A virus that attacks and destroys the human immune system. Causes AIDS
Hepatitis B and C ✔️Two types of hepatitis that are of concern within the salon
Bloodborne pathogens ✔️Disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV.
Parasites ✔️An organism that lives in or on another organism, deriving nourishment at the expense of its host, usually without killing it
Fungi ✔️Single-cell organisms that grow in irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts; can produce contagious diseases such as
ringworm.
Scabies ✔️contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite
Immunity ✔️The ability of the body to destroy any bacteria that have gained entrance and to resist infection in general
Natural immunity ✔️Immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living.
Acquired immunity ✔️immunity that the body develops after it overcomes a disease, or through inoculation (such as vaccination)
Contaminants ✔️substances that can cause contamination
Steralization ✔️Highest level of decontamination. it completely destroys every organism on a surface.
Disinfection ✔️A process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacteria spores on hard, nonporous surfaces
Disinfectant ✔️Chemical agents used to destroy most bacteria and viruses on surfaces
, Manufacturer's instructions ✔️Disinfectants must be used in accordance with the
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ✔️These sheets should be available for every product kept in the salon. Operating without this is a health risk
OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) ✔️Regulates and enforces health and safety standards in the workplace
Efficacy ✔️The effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills germs when used according to the label instructions
EPA registered disinfectant (tuberculocidal) ✔️Must be used to clean & immerse implements that come into contact with blood
Quats (Quaternary Ammonium Compounds) ✔️A type of disinfectant considered non-toxic, odorless & fast acting (disinfect in 10-15 min)
Phenol ✔️Disinfectant that is a caustic poison, but can be safe and effective if used properly. Mostly used for metal implements and can soften
plastic materials
Alcohol and bleach ✔️Two disinfectants used in the salon in the past, but since replaced by more advanced and effective technologies
Dispensary ✔️MDSD sheets are to be kept in the
Mold ✔️Fungus growth that usually grows in dark, damp places
Mildew ✔️Moldy coating produced by fungi that can appear on walls, fabrics, and the like, and usually occurs in damp areas
Toxins ✔️Carried by mold spores and can cause allergic reactions or sickness in some people
Antiseptics ✔️Chemical germicide. Can kill or prevent the growth of bacteria, but they are not classified as disinfectants. They are weaker than
disinfectants and can be applied safely to skin
Universal Precautions (Standard precautions) ✔️A set of guidelines published by CDC that require the employer and the employee to assume
that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens.
Handwashing ✔️Removes microorganisms by lifting them from the surface of the skin
Infection control ✔️The methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms.
EPA ✔️registers all disinfectants sold and used in the USA
Direct transmission ✔️Transmission of blood or body fluids through touching (including shaking hands), kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking.
Indirect transmission ✔️Transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor,
extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface.
Cleaning ✔️The process of removing dirt, dust, blood, or other visible contaminants from tools, implements and equipment
Infectious disease ✔️A disease that is caused by a pathogen and that can be spread from one individual to another.
Bacterial spores ✔️Bacteria capable of producing a protective coating that allows them to withstand very harsh environments, and shed the
coating when conditions become more favorable.
Bacterialcidal ✔️Capable of killing bacteria
Virucidal ✔️Capable of destroying viruses
Fungicidal ✔️Capable of destroying fungi
Communicable disease ✔️A disease that can be spread from one person or species to another.
Microorganism ✔️Any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size.
Mycobacterium ✔️Large family of bacteria found in soil and water
Tinea capitis ✔️A fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots, at the opening of the hair follicles.
Ring worm ✔️fungal infection of the skin that appears in circular lesions
