Psychology 100 Exam 2 UPDATED ACTUAL
Questions and CORRECT Answers | A+
Verified | 2026
• Learning -✓✓ Relatively permenant change in an organism behavior due to
experience.
• 3 Types of Learning -✓✓ 1. Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning
2. Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning
3. Observational (Social) Leaning
• Ivan Pavlov -✓✓ 1.First to describe classical conditioning.
2.Russian Physiologist
3.Interested in saliva's role in digestion
4.Ran experiments with dogs
5.Won a nobel prize in 1904
• Unconditioned Stimulus -✓✓ Stimulus that elicits a particular response (reflexive,
involuntary reactions) without the necessity of learning.
• Unconditioned Response -✓✓ Involuntary, automatic response that occurs to a
stimulus without the necessity of learning
• Conditioned Stimulus -✓✓ Stimulus that does not elicit a particular response initially
but comes to do so as a result of becoming associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
• Conditioned Response -✓✓ Response that comes to be made to the conditioned
stimulus as a result of classical conditioning.
• Classical Conditioning (Pavlovian) -✓✓ The process in which an organism learns to
associate stimuli, and thus anticipate events. Simple, occurs across species.
• Aquisition -✓✓ Conditioned Stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus,
Conditioned stimulus begins to elicit the Conditioned response
• Extinction -✓✓ Unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the conditioned stimulus,
conditioned response eventually disappears.
• 5 Major Conditioning Processes -✓✓ 1.Aquisition
2.Extinction
3.Spontaneous Recovery
4.Generalization
, 5.Discrimination
• Spontaneous Recovery -✓✓ If the conditioned stimulus is presented again to the
subject after a period of rest, the conditioned response reappears.
• Generalization -✓✓ The tendency to respond to stimuli resembling the conditioned
stimulus.
• Discrimination -✓✓ Responding occurs in the presence of one stimulus, but not in the
presence of another.
• Edward Thorndike -✓✓ Ran Experiments with cats in puzzle boxes, First studied
operant conditioning. Proposed Law of Effect.
• Law of Effect -✓✓ If a response in a presence of a stimulus is followed by a satisfying
event, the association between the stimulus and the response will be strenghened. if the
response is followed by an annoying event, the association will be weakened.
• B.F. Skinner -✓✓ Studied operant conditioning with rats. Devised Skinner's Box.
• Operant Conditioning -✓✓ The process whereby an organism learns to associate a
response and its consequences and thus to repeat acts followed by rewards and avoid
acts followed by punishment. occurs across species.
• Reinforcers -✓✓ Stimuli that increase the probability of behavior.
• Primary Reinforcers -✓✓ Events that are innately reinforcing (food, water, things with
biological significance)
• Secondary Reinforcers -✓✓ Require learning. (Money, Praise etc.)
• Positive Reinforcement -✓✓ Presentaton of a desirable stimulus increases the
probablility of behavior.
• Negative Reinforcement -✓✓ Nothing to do with punishment. Removal of an aversive
stimulus increases the probablity of behavior.
• Punishers -✓✓ Stimuli that decrease the probablility of behavior.
• Positive Punishment -✓✓ Presentation of an aversive stimulus decreases the
probablility of behavior.
• Negative Punishment -✓✓ Removal of a desirable stimulus decreases the probabliltiy
of behavior.
Questions and CORRECT Answers | A+
Verified | 2026
• Learning -✓✓ Relatively permenant change in an organism behavior due to
experience.
• 3 Types of Learning -✓✓ 1. Classical (Pavlovian) Conditioning
2. Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning
3. Observational (Social) Leaning
• Ivan Pavlov -✓✓ 1.First to describe classical conditioning.
2.Russian Physiologist
3.Interested in saliva's role in digestion
4.Ran experiments with dogs
5.Won a nobel prize in 1904
• Unconditioned Stimulus -✓✓ Stimulus that elicits a particular response (reflexive,
involuntary reactions) without the necessity of learning.
• Unconditioned Response -✓✓ Involuntary, automatic response that occurs to a
stimulus without the necessity of learning
• Conditioned Stimulus -✓✓ Stimulus that does not elicit a particular response initially
but comes to do so as a result of becoming associated with an unconditioned stimulus.
• Conditioned Response -✓✓ Response that comes to be made to the conditioned
stimulus as a result of classical conditioning.
• Classical Conditioning (Pavlovian) -✓✓ The process in which an organism learns to
associate stimuli, and thus anticipate events. Simple, occurs across species.
• Aquisition -✓✓ Conditioned Stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus,
Conditioned stimulus begins to elicit the Conditioned response
• Extinction -✓✓ Unconditioned stimulus no longer follows the conditioned stimulus,
conditioned response eventually disappears.
• 5 Major Conditioning Processes -✓✓ 1.Aquisition
2.Extinction
3.Spontaneous Recovery
4.Generalization
, 5.Discrimination
• Spontaneous Recovery -✓✓ If the conditioned stimulus is presented again to the
subject after a period of rest, the conditioned response reappears.
• Generalization -✓✓ The tendency to respond to stimuli resembling the conditioned
stimulus.
• Discrimination -✓✓ Responding occurs in the presence of one stimulus, but not in the
presence of another.
• Edward Thorndike -✓✓ Ran Experiments with cats in puzzle boxes, First studied
operant conditioning. Proposed Law of Effect.
• Law of Effect -✓✓ If a response in a presence of a stimulus is followed by a satisfying
event, the association between the stimulus and the response will be strenghened. if the
response is followed by an annoying event, the association will be weakened.
• B.F. Skinner -✓✓ Studied operant conditioning with rats. Devised Skinner's Box.
• Operant Conditioning -✓✓ The process whereby an organism learns to associate a
response and its consequences and thus to repeat acts followed by rewards and avoid
acts followed by punishment. occurs across species.
• Reinforcers -✓✓ Stimuli that increase the probability of behavior.
• Primary Reinforcers -✓✓ Events that are innately reinforcing (food, water, things with
biological significance)
• Secondary Reinforcers -✓✓ Require learning. (Money, Praise etc.)
• Positive Reinforcement -✓✓ Presentaton of a desirable stimulus increases the
probablility of behavior.
• Negative Reinforcement -✓✓ Nothing to do with punishment. Removal of an aversive
stimulus increases the probablity of behavior.
• Punishers -✓✓ Stimuli that decrease the probablility of behavior.
• Positive Punishment -✓✓ Presentation of an aversive stimulus decreases the
probablility of behavior.
• Negative Punishment -✓✓ Removal of a desirable stimulus decreases the probabliltiy
of behavior.
