CHT Bonent Exam Anatomy & Physiology questions and
answers A+ Grade 2026\2027
Urea
- correct answer Breakdown of Protein in diet
Creatinine
- correct answer End product of creatine metabolism, skeletal/muscle breakdown
Creatine
- correct answer A compound that comes from three amino acids, found mostly in your muscles and
brain.
Kidneys maintain homeostasis these three main processes
- correct answer Remove, Regulate, and Endocrine
Electrolytes balanced by kidneys (5)
- correct answer Sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium
What does acid/base balance do?
- correct answer Prevents metabolic acidosis
What does Erythropoietin (EPO) do?
- correct answer Stimulates the bones to make red blood cells
Renin
- correct answer Hormone produced by kidneys. Controls blood pressure, sodium, and potassium levels.
, Calcitriol
- correct answer The active form of vitamin D. Helps maintain calcium for bones & maintain chemical
balance in the body.
Where are the kidneys located?
- correct answer Behind abdominal organs, below ribs
How many times per hour does the bodys blood supply circulate through the kidneys?
- correct answer 12 times per hour
Urinary tract system, top to bottom, and functions
- correct answer Kidneys (make urine), Ureters (transport urine to bladder), Bladder (stores urine), &
Urethra (where urine exists the body)
Nephrons
- correct answer Functional unit of kidney, acts a filter or purifier.
What enters through and is transported by the renal artery?
- correct answer Blood, waste, and water
What leaves through the renal vein?
- correct answer Filtered blood and excess water
What is excreted as urine through the ureter?
- correct answer Excess water and toxic waste
Prerenal AKI
- correct answer Insufficient blood flow to the kidneys (example: hypotension)
Intrarenal AKI
- correct answer Direct injury to the kidneys from toxins or physical damage (example: acute tubular
necrosis)
answers A+ Grade 2026\2027
Urea
- correct answer Breakdown of Protein in diet
Creatinine
- correct answer End product of creatine metabolism, skeletal/muscle breakdown
Creatine
- correct answer A compound that comes from three amino acids, found mostly in your muscles and
brain.
Kidneys maintain homeostasis these three main processes
- correct answer Remove, Regulate, and Endocrine
Electrolytes balanced by kidneys (5)
- correct answer Sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium
What does acid/base balance do?
- correct answer Prevents metabolic acidosis
What does Erythropoietin (EPO) do?
- correct answer Stimulates the bones to make red blood cells
Renin
- correct answer Hormone produced by kidneys. Controls blood pressure, sodium, and potassium levels.
, Calcitriol
- correct answer The active form of vitamin D. Helps maintain calcium for bones & maintain chemical
balance in the body.
Where are the kidneys located?
- correct answer Behind abdominal organs, below ribs
How many times per hour does the bodys blood supply circulate through the kidneys?
- correct answer 12 times per hour
Urinary tract system, top to bottom, and functions
- correct answer Kidneys (make urine), Ureters (transport urine to bladder), Bladder (stores urine), &
Urethra (where urine exists the body)
Nephrons
- correct answer Functional unit of kidney, acts a filter or purifier.
What enters through and is transported by the renal artery?
- correct answer Blood, waste, and water
What leaves through the renal vein?
- correct answer Filtered blood and excess water
What is excreted as urine through the ureter?
- correct answer Excess water and toxic waste
Prerenal AKI
- correct answer Insufficient blood flow to the kidneys (example: hypotension)
Intrarenal AKI
- correct answer Direct injury to the kidneys from toxins or physical damage (example: acute tubular
necrosis)
