UBC BIOL 155 SPRING FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Question 1
Explain how epinephrine can lead to vasoconstriction or dilation
Correct Answer
In cells with a1 receptors, it elevates intracellular calcium, enhancing smooth muscle
contraction and vasoconstriction
In cells with B receptors, it elevates intracellular cAMP reducing smooth muscle
contraction and promoting vasodilation
Question 2
What is the role of vagina and external genitalia
Correct Answer
Responsible for receiving sperm
Question 3
What is the role of prolactin during pregnancy
Correct Answer
Promotion of mammary gland development
Question 4
What is the common origin for white blood cells
Correct Answer
The bone marrow
Page 1 of 50
,Question 5
Characteristics of arteries
Correct Answer
Thicker Tunica media
-Three tissue layers
- Intermediate diameter
Question 6
Why does urine production increase with diabetes
Correct Answer
When glucose is not reabsorbed by the PCT, tubular fluid osmolarity Will remain
high so water will also remain. The osmotic gradient from the lumen to ISF will be
reduced, so less water will be absorbed by the PCT epithelium and more will remain
in the lumen
Question 7
What is emphysema
Correct Answer
Is a disease that affects the tissue of alveoli and respiratory bronchioles
Question 8
What do chemoreceptors do
Correct Answer
They monitor the concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH
When simulated they simulate respiratory centers and increase respiratory rate,
increasing oxygen and pH levels and decreasing CO2 LEVELS
Question 9
How does veins prevent back flow of blood
Correct Answer
Veins in the limbs contain valves which help prevent back flow of blood due to
gravity
Page 2 of 50
,Question 10
What are the three functions of the renal tubule?
Correct Answer
- remove nutrients and proteins
- reabsorb filtered fluid
- concentrate waste products
Question 11
What is the function of haemoglobin
Correct Answer
transporting oxygen around the body
Question 12
What is the function of the liver
Correct Answer
- synthesizing and secreting bile
-storage glycogen and lipid
-intercoverting and synthesizing nutrient types
-storing iron
-storing fat-soluble vitamins
Question 13
Describe the long reflex arc for the relaxation of the internal anal sphincter
Correct Answer
Long Reflex is a spinal reflex coordinated by sacral parasympathetic motor neurons
that stimulates mass movements that pushes feces towards the rectum from the
descending colon and sigmoid colon, which further relaxes the internal anal
sphincter. It is controlled by the CNS
Page 3 of 50
, Question 14
How are vitamins absorbed and transported after digestion
Correct Answer
Depends on chemical composition and size
Lipid soluble vitamin (VE) is transported via micelles and chylomicrons
Water soluble and small: uptake via facilitated diffusion
Water soluble but large: require endocytosis and is mediated by a protein co-factor
Question 15
What is haemostasis?
Correct Answer
The physiological processes that limit or halt blood loss through damaged blood
vessels
Question 16
What is vasoconstriction
Correct Answer
when smooth muscle of tunica media contracts, increase the resistance to blood
flow
Question 17
What is hemolysis
Correct Answer
Rupture/destruction of red blood cells in the blood stream
Question 18
What is the major secretion of G-cells
Correct Answer
Secretes Gastrin into the underlying tissue and bloodstream. Enhances the
secretions of HCL and pepisogen from the parietal and chief cells in the gastric pit
Page 4 of 50
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Question 1
Explain how epinephrine can lead to vasoconstriction or dilation
Correct Answer
In cells with a1 receptors, it elevates intracellular calcium, enhancing smooth muscle
contraction and vasoconstriction
In cells with B receptors, it elevates intracellular cAMP reducing smooth muscle
contraction and promoting vasodilation
Question 2
What is the role of vagina and external genitalia
Correct Answer
Responsible for receiving sperm
Question 3
What is the role of prolactin during pregnancy
Correct Answer
Promotion of mammary gland development
Question 4
What is the common origin for white blood cells
Correct Answer
The bone marrow
Page 1 of 50
,Question 5
Characteristics of arteries
Correct Answer
Thicker Tunica media
-Three tissue layers
- Intermediate diameter
Question 6
Why does urine production increase with diabetes
Correct Answer
When glucose is not reabsorbed by the PCT, tubular fluid osmolarity Will remain
high so water will also remain. The osmotic gradient from the lumen to ISF will be
reduced, so less water will be absorbed by the PCT epithelium and more will remain
in the lumen
Question 7
What is emphysema
Correct Answer
Is a disease that affects the tissue of alveoli and respiratory bronchioles
Question 8
What do chemoreceptors do
Correct Answer
They monitor the concentration of oxygen, carbon dioxide, oxygen, and pH
When simulated they simulate respiratory centers and increase respiratory rate,
increasing oxygen and pH levels and decreasing CO2 LEVELS
Question 9
How does veins prevent back flow of blood
Correct Answer
Veins in the limbs contain valves which help prevent back flow of blood due to
gravity
Page 2 of 50
,Question 10
What are the three functions of the renal tubule?
Correct Answer
- remove nutrients and proteins
- reabsorb filtered fluid
- concentrate waste products
Question 11
What is the function of haemoglobin
Correct Answer
transporting oxygen around the body
Question 12
What is the function of the liver
Correct Answer
- synthesizing and secreting bile
-storage glycogen and lipid
-intercoverting and synthesizing nutrient types
-storing iron
-storing fat-soluble vitamins
Question 13
Describe the long reflex arc for the relaxation of the internal anal sphincter
Correct Answer
Long Reflex is a spinal reflex coordinated by sacral parasympathetic motor neurons
that stimulates mass movements that pushes feces towards the rectum from the
descending colon and sigmoid colon, which further relaxes the internal anal
sphincter. It is controlled by the CNS
Page 3 of 50
, Question 14
How are vitamins absorbed and transported after digestion
Correct Answer
Depends on chemical composition and size
Lipid soluble vitamin (VE) is transported via micelles and chylomicrons
Water soluble and small: uptake via facilitated diffusion
Water soluble but large: require endocytosis and is mediated by a protein co-factor
Question 15
What is haemostasis?
Correct Answer
The physiological processes that limit or halt blood loss through damaged blood
vessels
Question 16
What is vasoconstriction
Correct Answer
when smooth muscle of tunica media contracts, increase the resistance to blood
flow
Question 17
What is hemolysis
Correct Answer
Rupture/destruction of red blood cells in the blood stream
Question 18
What is the major secretion of G-cells
Correct Answer
Secretes Gastrin into the underlying tissue and bloodstream. Enhances the
secretions of HCL and pepisogen from the parietal and chief cells in the gastric pit
Page 4 of 50
