TOPIC 1: DEVELOPMENT |COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH
100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS &ANSWERS. EXCELLENCE
GUARANTEED.
Birth to 2 years Answer: sensorimotor
Acquire info. by sensing the world and develop object permanence Answer:
sensorimotor
2- 6 or 7 years Answer: preoperational
Understand physical world, develop theory of the mind Answer: preoperational
6/7-12 years Answer: concrete operational
Understand conservation. (When volume doesn't change even though it looks like it did
in different vessel.) Logic and thinking. Answer: concrete operational
12 years + Answer: formal operational
Advanced cognition (Hypothetical , future etc.) Answer: formal operational
Morals Answer: Standards of right and wrong behaviour
Heteronomous- Piaggio's theory Answer: Rules by others. 5-10
-Rules not changed
-Focus on the consequences
-Abbe rules to avoid punishment
Autonomous- Piaget's Theory Answer: Rules by self. 10+
-Intentions are important
-Change rules to benefit others
-Morals are agreed
Heinz Dilemma- Kohlbergs Theory Answer: Wife has cancer and there is only one cure
but it costs too much money and can only get half of it he asks if he can get it for half
the price however he says no as the company needs profit.
There are three options he can take: -Steal and go to prison
-Steal and not go to prison
-Not steal as that would be breaking the law
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Pre-conventional stage- Kohlbergs Theory Answer: Not steal as that would be breaking
the law
Obediance versus punishment
Conventional stage- Kohlbergs Theory Answer: Care about Law and Order
90% of adult
Steak with any prison sentence
Post conventional stage- Kohlbergs Theory Answer: Social contract, ethical principle
10% of adults
Steal and no prison sentence
Weaknesses of Piaget's and Kohlsberg Theory Answer: -No practical application is
made up stories
-Kohlberg only use males so not generalisable to the rest of the public
Gilligan Theory Answer: Suggests there is a gender difference in morality based upon
social rules and norms
Gilligan Female Social behaviour Answer: -Focus on caring
-Responsibility for all
-Emotional
-Individuals
Gilligan Male Social behaviour Answer: -Focus on rights
-Fair treatment for all
-Rules for all
-Justice
-Code of conduct
Damon Answer: Suggested theories such as Piaget and Kohlberg was based on
nurture. Suggests feelings of empathy in babies are held. Grow morality is innate.
Argues that we are born with empathy and as we grow older it is shaped by own
experiences.
Damon- Early infancy Answer: Childrens feelings towards others not different from
feelings towards themselves
Damon- Age 1/2 Answer: Children realise when others upset and this distresses them
but do not know what to do
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
100% ACCURATE QUESTIONS &ANSWERS. EXCELLENCE
GUARANTEED.
Birth to 2 years Answer: sensorimotor
Acquire info. by sensing the world and develop object permanence Answer:
sensorimotor
2- 6 or 7 years Answer: preoperational
Understand physical world, develop theory of the mind Answer: preoperational
6/7-12 years Answer: concrete operational
Understand conservation. (When volume doesn't change even though it looks like it did
in different vessel.) Logic and thinking. Answer: concrete operational
12 years + Answer: formal operational
Advanced cognition (Hypothetical , future etc.) Answer: formal operational
Morals Answer: Standards of right and wrong behaviour
Heteronomous- Piaggio's theory Answer: Rules by others. 5-10
-Rules not changed
-Focus on the consequences
-Abbe rules to avoid punishment
Autonomous- Piaget's Theory Answer: Rules by self. 10+
-Intentions are important
-Change rules to benefit others
-Morals are agreed
Heinz Dilemma- Kohlbergs Theory Answer: Wife has cancer and there is only one cure
but it costs too much money and can only get half of it he asks if he can get it for half
the price however he says no as the company needs profit.
There are three options he can take: -Steal and go to prison
-Steal and not go to prison
-Not steal as that would be breaking the law
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Pre-conventional stage- Kohlbergs Theory Answer: Not steal as that would be breaking
the law
Obediance versus punishment
Conventional stage- Kohlbergs Theory Answer: Care about Law and Order
90% of adult
Steak with any prison sentence
Post conventional stage- Kohlbergs Theory Answer: Social contract, ethical principle
10% of adults
Steal and no prison sentence
Weaknesses of Piaget's and Kohlsberg Theory Answer: -No practical application is
made up stories
-Kohlberg only use males so not generalisable to the rest of the public
Gilligan Theory Answer: Suggests there is a gender difference in morality based upon
social rules and norms
Gilligan Female Social behaviour Answer: -Focus on caring
-Responsibility for all
-Emotional
-Individuals
Gilligan Male Social behaviour Answer: -Focus on rights
-Fair treatment for all
-Rules for all
-Justice
-Code of conduct
Damon Answer: Suggested theories such as Piaget and Kohlberg was based on
nurture. Suggests feelings of empathy in babies are held. Grow morality is innate.
Argues that we are born with empathy and as we grow older it is shaped by own
experiences.
Damon- Early infancy Answer: Childrens feelings towards others not different from
feelings towards themselves
Damon- Age 1/2 Answer: Children realise when others upset and this distresses them
but do not know what to do
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
