FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING
2026/2027 WITH 118 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+
goals of nursing research
-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing
history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
5 vital signs
respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria
-well defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale
defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from medicine,
created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern
nursing
Clara Barton
established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers
during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
evidence-based practice (EBP)
, a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence
available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved;
may consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the
care of patients
steps in implementing EBP
Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and
values in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
human dimensions that compose the whole person:
physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
acute illness
rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples: cold, diarrhea,
pneumonia, appendicitis
chronic illness
slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by change in anatomy,
requires special patient education, long period of care or support; examples:
heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
stages-of-illness behaviors
Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
maslow hierarchy of needs
provides a framework for nursing assessment and for understanding the needs of
patients at all levels; many nursing interventions are aimed at meeting patients'
basic human needs
2026/2027 WITH 118 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS RATED A+
goals of nursing research
-improve care in clinical setting
-study ppl and nurse process: education, policy development, ethics, nursing
history
-develop greater autonomy and strength as a profession
-provide evidence-based nursing practice
5 vital signs
respirations, pulse rate, blood pressure, temperature, and pain
Nursing is recognized as profession based on what criteria
-well defined body specific and unique knowledge
-strong service orientation
-recognized authority by a professional group (ANA)
-code of ethics
-professional organization that sets standards
-ongoing research
-autonomy and self-regulation
Florence Nightingale
defined nursing as both an art and science, differentiated nursing from medicine,
created freestanding nursing education, published books; founder of modern
nursing
Clara Barton
established red cross; volunteered to care for wounds and feed union soldiers
during civil war; served as supervisor of nurses for the army of James
evidence-based practice (EBP)
, a problem-solving approach to making clinical decisions, using the best evidence
available; blends both science and art of nursing so best outcomes are achieved;
may consist of specific nursing interventions or use guidelines established for the
care of patients
steps in implementing EBP
Step 1: ask a question about a clinical area of interest or an intervention
Step 2: collect the most relevant and best evidence
Step 3: Critically appraise the evidence
Step 4: integrate the evidence w/ clinical expertise, patient preferences, and
values in making a decision to change
Step 5: evaluate the practice decision or change
human dimensions that compose the whole person:
physical, intellectual, environmental, spiritual, sociocultural, and emotional
acute illness
rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a short time; examples: cold, diarrhea,
pneumonia, appendicitis
chronic illness
slow onset, characteristics: permanent change, caused by change in anatomy,
requires special patient education, long period of care or support; examples:
heart disease, diabetes, lung diseases, and arthritis
stages-of-illness behaviors
Stage 1: experiencing symptoms
Stage 2: assuming the sick role
Stage 3: assuming a dependent role
Stage 4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation
maslow hierarchy of needs
provides a framework for nursing assessment and for understanding the needs of
patients at all levels; many nursing interventions are aimed at meeting patients'
basic human needs
