Ecco Final Exam EXAM fully solved & updated (latest version verified for
accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100% Correct!
What is the initial treatment for chest pain? - (ANSWER)MONA
-Morphine
-Oxygen
-Nitroglycerin
-Aspirin
For an acute MI/chest pain, what changes are we looking for on the EKG? - (ANSWER)ST elevation
Cardiac enzymes are elevated in what conditions? - (ANSWER)MI, cardiac tamponade, cardiac surgery,
acute injury - trauma to chest/chest injury, pericarditis
In what condition do we NOT see an elevation of troponin in? - (ANSWER)Congestive heart failure
Why do we hear heart murmurs? - (ANSWER)we hear heart murmurs because of the thickening of a
valve like aortic stenosis or d/t mechanical dysfunction of the valve
Stenosis of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a - (ANSWER)systolic murmur, as blood is ejected
through the narrowed valve
Regurgitation of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a - (ANSWER)diastolic murmur, as blood flows
backward into the diseased valve when ventricular pressures drop during relaxation
Where can you hear the aortic stenosis? - (ANSWER)2nd intercostal space, R sternal boarder
-rough and high pitched murmur
What do we look for in an atrial waveform? (on an a-line) - (ANSWER)The dicrotic notch
-it indicates closure of the AV (aortic valve)
,Ecco Final Exam EXAM fully solved & updated (latest version verified for
accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100% Correct!
How long do you hold pressure for when you pull an art line? - (ANSWER)8-10 minutes
What are we looking out for when using thrombolytics (rTPA)? - (ANSWER)Brain bleeds
What are signs of herniation (bleeding) from rTPA? - (ANSWER)1. decreased LOC/neuro changes
2. increased ICP
3. severe headaches
What conditions warrant for an external pacemaker? - (ANSWER)Symptomatic bradycardia, 3rd degree
heart block, recurrent tachy-brady syndromes,
Can we use atropine for a 3rd degree heart block? - (ANSWER)No.
What are the signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade? - (ANSWER)Narrow pulse pressure, pulses
paradox (BP drops 15 mg when pt takes breath in), increased JVD, low BP, muffled heart tones (late sign),
HR initially will speed up (won't be bradycardic)
What is cardiac tamponade? - (ANSWER)compression of the heart by an accumulation of fluid in the
pericardial sac which over time decreases the cardiac output b/c the heart can't squeeze
Why do we care about frequent PVCs? - (ANSWER)Because of the R on T phenomenon. When a PVC
lands on a T wave, it can potentially put a patient into v-tach
What do we check for when we notice more frequent PVCs? - (ANSWER)Magnesium and potassium
(more so magnesium)
, Ecco Final Exam EXAM fully solved & updated (latest version verified for
accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100% Correct!
When starting to pace a patient, what should you do? - (ANSWER)Set pacer at 80 and 80 and increase
the mA (miliamps) until you see pacer spikes on every single QRS
Question 34 on exam, what V-fib energy settings do you put in for a biphasic defib? - (ANSWER)150 jules
What is the normal drainage amount per hour from a chest tube? - (ANSWER)less than 100 ml/hr
For end-stage cardiomyopathy, the drugs of choice are... - (ANSWER)1. Nipride - to help reduce preload
and afterload
2. Dobutamine - to help increase contractility and decrease afterload
What should you look out for with a patient on Nipride? - (ANSWER)1. Watch for a sudden decrease in
blood pressure
2. Be sure to protect it from light
3. Look at the expiration date on the bag.
Which side should you turn a patient to provide better cardiac perfusion? - (ANSWER)Left side
In ventricular pacing, what does the waveform look like? - (ANSWER)Ventricular pacing spikes followed
by wide, bizarre QRS complexes.
Failure to pace - what it is and it's solution - (ANSWER)The pace maker fails to initiate an electrical
stimulus when the pacemaker is due to fire. This is noted by the absence of a pacer spike on the rhythm
strip.
-No pacing spikes present at all
-Look for broken wire/lead/unit, or dead battery
accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100% Correct!
What is the initial treatment for chest pain? - (ANSWER)MONA
-Morphine
-Oxygen
-Nitroglycerin
-Aspirin
For an acute MI/chest pain, what changes are we looking for on the EKG? - (ANSWER)ST elevation
Cardiac enzymes are elevated in what conditions? - (ANSWER)MI, cardiac tamponade, cardiac surgery,
acute injury - trauma to chest/chest injury, pericarditis
In what condition do we NOT see an elevation of troponin in? - (ANSWER)Congestive heart failure
Why do we hear heart murmurs? - (ANSWER)we hear heart murmurs because of the thickening of a
valve like aortic stenosis or d/t mechanical dysfunction of the valve
Stenosis of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a - (ANSWER)systolic murmur, as blood is ejected
through the narrowed valve
Regurgitation of the aortic or pulmonic valves will result in a - (ANSWER)diastolic murmur, as blood flows
backward into the diseased valve when ventricular pressures drop during relaxation
Where can you hear the aortic stenosis? - (ANSWER)2nd intercostal space, R sternal boarder
-rough and high pitched murmur
What do we look for in an atrial waveform? (on an a-line) - (ANSWER)The dicrotic notch
-it indicates closure of the AV (aortic valve)
,Ecco Final Exam EXAM fully solved & updated (latest version verified for
accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100% Correct!
How long do you hold pressure for when you pull an art line? - (ANSWER)8-10 minutes
What are we looking out for when using thrombolytics (rTPA)? - (ANSWER)Brain bleeds
What are signs of herniation (bleeding) from rTPA? - (ANSWER)1. decreased LOC/neuro changes
2. increased ICP
3. severe headaches
What conditions warrant for an external pacemaker? - (ANSWER)Symptomatic bradycardia, 3rd degree
heart block, recurrent tachy-brady syndromes,
Can we use atropine for a 3rd degree heart block? - (ANSWER)No.
What are the signs and symptoms of cardiac tamponade? - (ANSWER)Narrow pulse pressure, pulses
paradox (BP drops 15 mg when pt takes breath in), increased JVD, low BP, muffled heart tones (late sign),
HR initially will speed up (won't be bradycardic)
What is cardiac tamponade? - (ANSWER)compression of the heart by an accumulation of fluid in the
pericardial sac which over time decreases the cardiac output b/c the heart can't squeeze
Why do we care about frequent PVCs? - (ANSWER)Because of the R on T phenomenon. When a PVC
lands on a T wave, it can potentially put a patient into v-tach
What do we check for when we notice more frequent PVCs? - (ANSWER)Magnesium and potassium
(more so magnesium)
, Ecco Final Exam EXAM fully solved & updated (latest version verified for
accuracy) (Questions + Answers) Solved 100% Correct!
When starting to pace a patient, what should you do? - (ANSWER)Set pacer at 80 and 80 and increase
the mA (miliamps) until you see pacer spikes on every single QRS
Question 34 on exam, what V-fib energy settings do you put in for a biphasic defib? - (ANSWER)150 jules
What is the normal drainage amount per hour from a chest tube? - (ANSWER)less than 100 ml/hr
For end-stage cardiomyopathy, the drugs of choice are... - (ANSWER)1. Nipride - to help reduce preload
and afterload
2. Dobutamine - to help increase contractility and decrease afterload
What should you look out for with a patient on Nipride? - (ANSWER)1. Watch for a sudden decrease in
blood pressure
2. Be sure to protect it from light
3. Look at the expiration date on the bag.
Which side should you turn a patient to provide better cardiac perfusion? - (ANSWER)Left side
In ventricular pacing, what does the waveform look like? - (ANSWER)Ventricular pacing spikes followed
by wide, bizarre QRS complexes.
Failure to pace - what it is and it's solution - (ANSWER)The pace maker fails to initiate an electrical
stimulus when the pacemaker is due to fire. This is noted by the absence of a pacer spike on the rhythm
strip.
-No pacing spikes present at all
-Look for broken wire/lead/unit, or dead battery
