CMSRN EXAM BANK Question and Answer |
Comprehensive Preparation Pack | Grade
A+
• symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia -✓✓ edema, confusion, weight gain
• treatment of dilutional hyponatremia -✓✓ fluid restriction
• what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? -✓✓ true
hyponatremia
• symptoms of true hyponatremia -✓✓ dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension,
tachycardia
• treatment of true hyponatremia -✓✓ replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
• causes of true hyponatremia -✓✓ burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
• what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss
without loss of sodium? -✓✓ hypernatremia
• causes of hypernatremia -✓✓ fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF
• symptoms of hypernatremia -✓✓ dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia,
oliguria
,• treatment of hypernatremia -✓✓ decrease sodium, replace fluids
• which electrolyte does sodium work with? -✓✓ chloride - works to maintain
acid/base balance
• which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? -✓✓
renal
• what does potassium have an inverse relationship with? -✓✓ PH, insulin,
calcium
• causes of hyperkalemia -✓✓ cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium
sparing diuretics, renal failure, acidosis
• symptoms of hyperkalemia -✓✓ irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias,
hyperactive bowels, bladder
• treatment of hyperkalemia -✓✓ limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV
glucose and insulin, dialysis
• what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus
fruits? -✓✓ hyperkalemia
• what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? -✓✓
potassium
, • causes of hypokalemia -✓✓ vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction,
burns, potassium wasting diuretics
• symptoms of hypokalemia -✓✓ muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation,
alkalosis, shallow respirations, cardiac arrest
• treatment for hypokalemia -✓✓ potassium supplements, monitor magnesium
levels
• normal calcium level -✓✓ 9-10.5
• where is calcium stored? -✓✓ bones
• what vitamin is important for calcium absorption -✓✓ Vitamin D
• what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? -✓✓ phosphorous
• which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? -✓✓ hypocalcemia
• causes for hypercalcemia -✓✓ cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism,
excessive vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor
• symptoms of hypercalcemia -✓✓ sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred
speech, impaired memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
Comprehensive Preparation Pack | Grade
A+
• symptoms of diltuional hyponatremia -✓✓ edema, confusion, weight gain
• treatment of dilutional hyponatremia -✓✓ fluid restriction
• what type of hyponatremia results from fluid and sodium loss? -✓✓ true
hyponatremia
• symptoms of true hyponatremia -✓✓ dry tissue, weight loss, hypotension,
tachycardia
• treatment of true hyponatremia -✓✓ replace sodium AND water (NS or LR)
• causes of true hyponatremia -✓✓ burns, hemorrhage, adrenal insufficiency
• what type of sodium imbalance is caused by decreased fluid intake or water loss
without loss of sodium? -✓✓ hypernatremia
• causes of hypernatremia -✓✓ fever, IVF with sodium, DI, high protein TF
• symptoms of hypernatremia -✓✓ dry tissues, weight gain, thirst, tachycardia,
oliguria
,• treatment of hypernatremia -✓✓ decrease sodium, replace fluids
• which electrolyte does sodium work with? -✓✓ chloride - works to maintain
acid/base balance
• which labs are most important to watch with potassium abnormalities? -✓✓
renal
• what does potassium have an inverse relationship with? -✓✓ PH, insulin,
calcium
• causes of hyperkalemia -✓✓ cell wall destruction, increased intake, potassium
sparing diuretics, renal failure, acidosis
• symptoms of hyperkalemia -✓✓ irritable muscles, cardiac arrhythmias,
hyperactive bowels, bladder
• treatment of hyperkalemia -✓✓ limit intake, kaexylate, calcium gluconate, IV
glucose and insulin, dialysis
• what electrolyte imbalance should you avoid green leafy vegetables and citrus
fruits? -✓✓ hyperkalemia
• what electrolyte are avocado, dried fruits, and potato skins high in? -✓✓
potassium
, • causes of hypokalemia -✓✓ vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, prolonged NG suction,
burns, potassium wasting diuretics
• symptoms of hypokalemia -✓✓ muscle flaccidity and weakness, constipation,
alkalosis, shallow respirations, cardiac arrest
• treatment for hypokalemia -✓✓ potassium supplements, monitor magnesium
levels
• normal calcium level -✓✓ 9-10.5
• where is calcium stored? -✓✓ bones
• what vitamin is important for calcium absorption -✓✓ Vitamin D
• what does calcium have an inverse relationship with? -✓✓ phosphorous
• which electrolyte imbalance increases bleeding risk? -✓✓ hypocalcemia
• causes for hypercalcemia -✓✓ cancer, bone mets, hyperparathyroidism,
excessive vitamin D, thiazide diuretics, parathyroid tumor
• symptoms of hypercalcemia -✓✓ sedation, lethargy, hypoactive reflexes, slurred
speech, impaired memory (decreased LOC/CNS sympstoms), renal stones
