NSG 554 Exam 1 (Latest
Update) Nurse Practitioners in Primary
Care I Questions and Verified Answers
100% Correct {Grade A} – Wilkes
Tachycardia: Symptoms - Correct answer fatigue, chest pain, a racing heart, feeling of
skipped beat(s), shortness of breath or syncope.
Bradycardia: Causes - Correct answer Athletic training: Well-trained athletes often
have lower resting heart rates due to their increased cardiovascular fitness.
Age-related changes: As people age, the cardiac conduction system may undergo
changes, leading to a slower heart rate or requiring intervention(s).
Medications: Medications includingbeta-blockers and some anti-arrythmic medications
will decrease the heart rate as a side effect.
Cardiac disorders: Cardiac conditions such as sick sinus syndrome, heart blocks, and
ischemic heart disease can decrease the heart rate due to changes in the conduction
system or ischemia.
Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid gland can lead to bradycardia due to reduced
metabolism and hormone levels.
,Electrolyte imbalances: Abnormal levels of potassium, sodium, calcium, or magnesium
in the blood can affect the heart's electrical activity, potentially causing bradycardia.
Sleep apnea: In some cases, obstructive sleep apnea can lead to bradycardia during
episodes of decreased breathing or pauses in breathing during sleep.
Neurological conditions: Certain neurological disorders or damage to the autonomic
nervous system can affect heart rate regulation, leading to bradycardia.
Infections: Some severe infections, such as Lyme disease or viral myocarditis, can
affect the heart's electrical system and lead to bradycardia.
Hypothermia: Extremely low body temperature can slow down the heart rate and lead
to bradycardia
Bradycardia: examples - Correct answer · Hypothyroidism
· Sick sinus syndrome
· MI
· Vagal stimulation
Tachycardia: Examples - Correct answer · Hyperthyroidism
· MI
,· Severe bleeding
· Dehydration
· Anemia
· Fever
Covid-19: Cause - Correct answer o caused by SARS-CoV-2, manifested initially with a
spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe
pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure.
Covid vs Flu - Correct answer
Flu: causes - Correct answer · Influenza A: This type of influenza virus is known for its
ability to cause widespread and severe outbreaks, including pandemics. Influenza A
viruses are further categorized based on two surface proteins: hemagglutinin (H) and
neuraminidase (N). There are various subtypes of influenza A viruses, such as H1N1,
H3N2, and so on. These subtypes can undergo antigenic changes through antigenic
drift (minor changes) or antigenic shift (major changes), contributing to the need for
seasonal influenza vaccine updates.
, · Influenza B: Influenza B viruses typically cause milder illness compared to influenza
A viruses. They are not divided into subtypes but are further classified into two
lineages: Victoria and Yamagata. Influenza B viruses can also undergo antigenic drift,
necessitating updates to the influenza vaccine.
· Influenza C: Influenza C viruses usually cause mild respiratory illness and are not
associated with widespread outbreaks or severe disease. Unlike influenza A and B
viruses, influenza C viruses do not cause seasonal epidemics (CDC, 2023).
Covid Diagnosis - Correct answer RT-PCR, rapid antigen tests, chest imaging
Flu Diagnosis - Correct answer Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs), RT-PCR
Covid treatment - Correct answer Antivirals (e.g., Paxlovid, Remdesivir), monoclonal
antibodies, supportive care (oxygen, ventilation)
Use OTC antipyretics, analgesics, or antitussives for fever, headache, myalgias, and
cough.
Update) Nurse Practitioners in Primary
Care I Questions and Verified Answers
100% Correct {Grade A} – Wilkes
Tachycardia: Symptoms - Correct answer fatigue, chest pain, a racing heart, feeling of
skipped beat(s), shortness of breath or syncope.
Bradycardia: Causes - Correct answer Athletic training: Well-trained athletes often
have lower resting heart rates due to their increased cardiovascular fitness.
Age-related changes: As people age, the cardiac conduction system may undergo
changes, leading to a slower heart rate or requiring intervention(s).
Medications: Medications includingbeta-blockers and some anti-arrythmic medications
will decrease the heart rate as a side effect.
Cardiac disorders: Cardiac conditions such as sick sinus syndrome, heart blocks, and
ischemic heart disease can decrease the heart rate due to changes in the conduction
system or ischemia.
Hypothyroidism: An underactive thyroid gland can lead to bradycardia due to reduced
metabolism and hormone levels.
,Electrolyte imbalances: Abnormal levels of potassium, sodium, calcium, or magnesium
in the blood can affect the heart's electrical activity, potentially causing bradycardia.
Sleep apnea: In some cases, obstructive sleep apnea can lead to bradycardia during
episodes of decreased breathing or pauses in breathing during sleep.
Neurological conditions: Certain neurological disorders or damage to the autonomic
nervous system can affect heart rate regulation, leading to bradycardia.
Infections: Some severe infections, such as Lyme disease or viral myocarditis, can
affect the heart's electrical system and lead to bradycardia.
Hypothermia: Extremely low body temperature can slow down the heart rate and lead
to bradycardia
Bradycardia: examples - Correct answer · Hypothyroidism
· Sick sinus syndrome
· MI
· Vagal stimulation
Tachycardia: Examples - Correct answer · Hyperthyroidism
· MI
,· Severe bleeding
· Dehydration
· Anemia
· Fever
Covid-19: Cause - Correct answer o caused by SARS-CoV-2, manifested initially with a
spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from mild respiratory symptoms to severe
pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and multi-organ failure.
Covid vs Flu - Correct answer
Flu: causes - Correct answer · Influenza A: This type of influenza virus is known for its
ability to cause widespread and severe outbreaks, including pandemics. Influenza A
viruses are further categorized based on two surface proteins: hemagglutinin (H) and
neuraminidase (N). There are various subtypes of influenza A viruses, such as H1N1,
H3N2, and so on. These subtypes can undergo antigenic changes through antigenic
drift (minor changes) or antigenic shift (major changes), contributing to the need for
seasonal influenza vaccine updates.
, · Influenza B: Influenza B viruses typically cause milder illness compared to influenza
A viruses. They are not divided into subtypes but are further classified into two
lineages: Victoria and Yamagata. Influenza B viruses can also undergo antigenic drift,
necessitating updates to the influenza vaccine.
· Influenza C: Influenza C viruses usually cause mild respiratory illness and are not
associated with widespread outbreaks or severe disease. Unlike influenza A and B
viruses, influenza C viruses do not cause seasonal epidemics (CDC, 2023).
Covid Diagnosis - Correct answer RT-PCR, rapid antigen tests, chest imaging
Flu Diagnosis - Correct answer Rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs), RT-PCR
Covid treatment - Correct answer Antivirals (e.g., Paxlovid, Remdesivir), monoclonal
antibodies, supportive care (oxygen, ventilation)
Use OTC antipyretics, analgesics, or antitussives for fever, headache, myalgias, and
cough.
