NU 185
EXAM 4 3
NCLEX Style Questions w/ Rationales
Medical-Surgical Nursing II
Galen College of Nursing
TTTT DTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTT:
This document contains NCLEX-style Exam questions
tailored to the NU 185 course at Galen College of
Nursing
It covers core topics assessed in the course and reflects
the actual exam format and question style.
Each question is followed by a correct answer and rationale to support
exam preparation.
,A nurse is educating a newly diagnosed diabetic patient. Which of the
following statements made by the patient indicates understanding of Type 1
Diabetes Mellitus?
A. "If I lose weight and exercise, I may be able to stop taking insulin."
B. "My pancreas produces insulin, but not enough to meet my needs."
C. "I will need to take insulin for the rest of my life."
D. "This type of diabetes usually develops in adulthood."
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by the complete absence of
insulin production. These patients are insulin-dependent for life. Choices A and B
describe Type 2 DM, and D is false because Type 1 typically begins in childhood.
A patient with a strong family history of diabetes presents for a wellness
check. The nurse identifies which of the following findings as the greatest
modifiable risk factor for developing Type 2 Diabetes?
A. Family history of diabetes
B. Presence of hypertension
C. Sedentary lifestyle
D. History of viral illness
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: While genetics and hypertension are significant, physical inactivity is
a modifiable (changeable) risk factor. Increasing activity can reduce insulin
resistance and delay onset of Type 2 DM.
A nurse is reviewing the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus. Which of the following correctly explains a pathophysiological
difference?
A. Type 1 involves insulin resistance; Type 2 is complete beta-cell
destruction.
B. Type 1 patients may still produce some insulin in the early stages.
C. Type 2 is associated with autoimmune beta-cell destruction.
D. Type 2 involves insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
, Correct Answer: D.
Rationale: Type 2 DM is characterized by insulin resistance and a relative lack of
insulin. Type 1 involves autoimmune destruction of beta cells. A and C are
reversed, and B is incorrect.
The nurse is caring for a client with newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
Which intervention is appropriate for initial management?
A. Begin basal-bolus insulin therapy immediately
B. Educate about carbohydrate counting and administer regular insulin
C. Encourage lifestyle changes and start oral hypoglycemic agents
D. Administer glucagon intramuscularly once daily
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: Initial treatment for Type 2 DM often includes diet, exercise, and oral
medications such as metformin. Insulin is usually reserved for later stages or
severe cases. Glucagon is used in hypoglycemia, not daily treatment.
A nurse is reviewing lab results of a patient with suspected diabetes. Which
finding would support a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?
A. Hemoglobin A1c of 5.9%
B. Fasting blood glucose of 118 mg/dL
C. Random plasma glucose of 210 mg/dL with polyuria
D. 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test result of 135 mg/dL
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: A random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms (e.g., polyuria)
is diagnostic. A1c of 5.9% and fasting glucose of 118 mg/dL are pre-diabetic, not
diagnostic. OGTT of 135 is also in the prediabetic range.
A nurse is preparing a client for a fasting blood glucose test. Which of the
following instructions is most appropriate?
A. "You may eat a light meal up to 4 hours before the test."
B. "Drink a sugary drink 2 hours before the blood draw."
C. "Avoid food and drink, except water, for 8 hours before the test."
D. "Take your oral antidiabetic medication the morning of the test."
EXAM 4 3
NCLEX Style Questions w/ Rationales
Medical-Surgical Nursing II
Galen College of Nursing
TTTT DTTTTTTT TTTTTTTTTTT:
This document contains NCLEX-style Exam questions
tailored to the NU 185 course at Galen College of
Nursing
It covers core topics assessed in the course and reflects
the actual exam format and question style.
Each question is followed by a correct answer and rationale to support
exam preparation.
,A nurse is educating a newly diagnosed diabetic patient. Which of the
following statements made by the patient indicates understanding of Type 1
Diabetes Mellitus?
A. "If I lose weight and exercise, I may be able to stop taking insulin."
B. "My pancreas produces insulin, but not enough to meet my needs."
C. "I will need to take insulin for the rest of my life."
D. "This type of diabetes usually develops in adulthood."
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by the complete absence of
insulin production. These patients are insulin-dependent for life. Choices A and B
describe Type 2 DM, and D is false because Type 1 typically begins in childhood.
A patient with a strong family history of diabetes presents for a wellness
check. The nurse identifies which of the following findings as the greatest
modifiable risk factor for developing Type 2 Diabetes?
A. Family history of diabetes
B. Presence of hypertension
C. Sedentary lifestyle
D. History of viral illness
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: While genetics and hypertension are significant, physical inactivity is
a modifiable (changeable) risk factor. Increasing activity can reduce insulin
resistance and delay onset of Type 2 DM.
A nurse is reviewing the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
Mellitus. Which of the following correctly explains a pathophysiological
difference?
A. Type 1 involves insulin resistance; Type 2 is complete beta-cell
destruction.
B. Type 1 patients may still produce some insulin in the early stages.
C. Type 2 is associated with autoimmune beta-cell destruction.
D. Type 2 involves insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.
, Correct Answer: D.
Rationale: Type 2 DM is characterized by insulin resistance and a relative lack of
insulin. Type 1 involves autoimmune destruction of beta cells. A and C are
reversed, and B is incorrect.
The nurse is caring for a client with newly diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes.
Which intervention is appropriate for initial management?
A. Begin basal-bolus insulin therapy immediately
B. Educate about carbohydrate counting and administer regular insulin
C. Encourage lifestyle changes and start oral hypoglycemic agents
D. Administer glucagon intramuscularly once daily
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: Initial treatment for Type 2 DM often includes diet, exercise, and oral
medications such as metformin. Insulin is usually reserved for later stages or
severe cases. Glucagon is used in hypoglycemia, not daily treatment.
A nurse is reviewing lab results of a patient with suspected diabetes. Which
finding would support a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus?
A. Hemoglobin A1c of 5.9%
B. Fasting blood glucose of 118 mg/dL
C. Random plasma glucose of 210 mg/dL with polyuria
D. 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test result of 135 mg/dL
Correct Answer: C.
Rationale: A random plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms (e.g., polyuria)
is diagnostic. A1c of 5.9% and fasting glucose of 118 mg/dL are pre-diabetic, not
diagnostic. OGTT of 135 is also in the prediabetic range.
A nurse is preparing a client for a fasting blood glucose test. Which of the
following instructions is most appropriate?
A. "You may eat a light meal up to 4 hours before the test."
B. "Drink a sugary drink 2 hours before the blood draw."
C. "Avoid food and drink, except water, for 8 hours before the test."
D. "Take your oral antidiabetic medication the morning of the test."
