Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam 2026/2027
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT - EXAM
Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam
2026/2027
2026/2027 Official Exam
50 100% 2026/2027
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS EDITION
TOPICS COVERED
Respiratory System Lab Respiratory Pathology
Pulmonary Volumes & Capacities Acid-Base Balance
Gas Exchange & Transport
COVER PAGE - 1
, SECTION 1 | Respiratory System Lab | Q1-Q10 | Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam 2026/2027 2026/2027
Q1 Question 1 of 50
A first-year anatomy student is identifying structures in the upper respiratory tract during a lab
dissection. The air-filled cavity lined with mucosa that warms and humidifies incoming air,
located in the nasal cavity and named for the bone that forms it, is which structure?
A. The paranasal sinus
B. The hard palate
C. The epiglottis
D. The vestibule
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Paranasal sinuses (frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid) are mucosa-lined air cavities within skull bones that
lighten the head and condition inspired air. The hard palate separates the oral and nasal cavities but does not
warm inhaled air, making that choice incorrect.
Q2 Question 2 of 50
During a histology lab, a student examines a slide of tracheal tissue and observes C-shaped
rings. The open posterior portion of these rings is bridged by which tissue type, allowing the
esophagus to expand during swallowing?
A. Stratified squamous epithelium
B. Dense regular connective tissue
C. Hyaline cartilage plates
D. Smooth muscle (trachealis muscle)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
The trachealis muscle, composed of smooth muscle, bridges the open posterior ends of the C-shaped tracheal
cartilage rings, allowing the esophagus to expand during swallowing. Hyaline cartilage forms the rigid
C-shaped rings themselves, not the posterior bridge.
Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam 2026/2027 - 2026/2027 | Passing Score: 80% Page 2 of 27
, Q3 Question 3 of 50
A 35-year-old patient presents with a chronic cough and a biopsy of bronchial epithelium
reveals loss of cilia and metaplasia to stratified squamous epithelium due to smoking. Which
normal epithelial type has been replaced in this patient's airway?
A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
C. Simple cuboidal epithelium
D. Transitional epithelium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The normal respiratory epithelium is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells, which traps
and propels mucus upward via the mucociliary escalator. Smoking causes squamous metaplasia, replacing this
protective epithelium and impairing clearance.
Q4 Question 4 of 50
A premature infant born at 28 weeks gestation develops respiratory distress syndrome due to
inadequate pulmonary surfactant. Which cell type, normally maturing around 32-34 weeks, is
responsible for surfactant synthesis?
A. Type I alveolar pneumocytes
B. Alveolar macrophages (dust cells)
C. Type II alveolar pneumocytes
D. Endothelial cells of pulmonary capillaries
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Type II alveolar pneumocytes produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant (a mixture of phospholipids, primarily
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine), which reduces alveolar surface tension and prevents collapse. Type I cells are
thin squamous cells specialized for gas exchange, not surfactant production.
Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam 2026/2027 - 2026/2027 | Passing Score: 80% Page 3 of 27
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT - EXAM
Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam
2026/2027
2026/2027 Official Exam
50 100% 2026/2027
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS EDITION
TOPICS COVERED
Respiratory System Lab Respiratory Pathology
Pulmonary Volumes & Capacities Acid-Base Balance
Gas Exchange & Transport
COVER PAGE - 1
, SECTION 1 | Respiratory System Lab | Q1-Q10 | Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam 2026/2027 2026/2027
Q1 Question 1 of 50
A first-year anatomy student is identifying structures in the upper respiratory tract during a lab
dissection. The air-filled cavity lined with mucosa that warms and humidifies incoming air,
located in the nasal cavity and named for the bone that forms it, is which structure?
A. The paranasal sinus
B. The hard palate
C. The epiglottis
D. The vestibule
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
Paranasal sinuses (frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid) are mucosa-lined air cavities within skull bones that
lighten the head and condition inspired air. The hard palate separates the oral and nasal cavities but does not
warm inhaled air, making that choice incorrect.
Q2 Question 2 of 50
During a histology lab, a student examines a slide of tracheal tissue and observes C-shaped
rings. The open posterior portion of these rings is bridged by which tissue type, allowing the
esophagus to expand during swallowing?
A. Stratified squamous epithelium
B. Dense regular connective tissue
C. Hyaline cartilage plates
D. Smooth muscle (trachealis muscle)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
The trachealis muscle, composed of smooth muscle, bridges the open posterior ends of the C-shaped tracheal
cartilage rings, allowing the esophagus to expand during swallowing. Hyaline cartilage forms the rigid
C-shaped rings themselves, not the posterior bridge.
Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam 2026/2027 - 2026/2027 | Passing Score: 80% Page 2 of 27
, Q3 Question 3 of 50
A 35-year-old patient presents with a chronic cough and a biopsy of bronchial epithelium
reveals loss of cilia and metaplasia to stratified squamous epithelium due to smoking. Which
normal epithelial type has been replaced in this patient's airway?
A. Simple squamous epithelium
B. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells
C. Simple cuboidal epithelium
D. Transitional epithelium
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The normal respiratory epithelium is ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells, which traps
and propels mucus upward via the mucociliary escalator. Smoking causes squamous metaplasia, replacing this
protective epithelium and impairing clearance.
Q4 Question 4 of 50
A premature infant born at 28 weeks gestation develops respiratory distress syndrome due to
inadequate pulmonary surfactant. Which cell type, normally maturing around 32-34 weeks, is
responsible for surfactant synthesis?
A. Type I alveolar pneumocytes
B. Alveolar macrophages (dust cells)
C. Type II alveolar pneumocytes
D. Endothelial cells of pulmonary capillaries
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Type II alveolar pneumocytes produce and secrete pulmonary surfactant (a mixture of phospholipids, primarily
dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine), which reduces alveolar surface tension and prevents collapse. Type I cells are
thin squamous cells specialized for gas exchange, not surfactant production.
Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam 2026/2027 - 2026/2027 | Passing Score: 80% Page 3 of 27
