Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT - EXAM
Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5
Exam
2026/2027
50 100% 2026 /2027 2027
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS EDITION
TOPICS COVERED
Respiratory System Lab Respiratory Pathology
Pulmonary Volumes & Capacities Acid-Base Balance
Gas Exchange & Transport
COVER PAGE - 1
, SECTION 1 | Respiratory System Lab | Q1-Q10 | Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam 2026/2027
Q1 Question 1 of 50
A 28-year-old medical student examines a sagittal section of a cadaver head in the anatomy
lab. She notes that the superior portion of the nasal cavity contains a specialized olfactory
epithelium rather than typical respiratory epithelium. Which cell type is exclusively found in
this region and is responsible for detecting odorant molecules?
A. Goblet cells that secrete mucus to trap inhaled particles and humidify incoming air
B. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells that move mucus toward the pharynx
C. Basal cells that serve as stem cells for continuous epithelial regeneration
D. Olfactory receptor neurons with chemosensitive cilia extending into the nasal lumen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Olfactory receptor neurons are unique bipolar neurons found only in the olfactory epithelium of the superior nasal cavity.
Their dendrites extend cilia into the mucus layer to bind odorant molecules, initiating the sense of smell. Goblet cells and
ciliated columnar cells are found throughout the respiratory epithelium but cannot detect odors.
Q2 Question 2 of 50
A 45-year-old singer visits an ENT specialist after experiencing persistent hoarseness for
three weeks. Laryngoscopy reveals inflammation of the structure that prevents food and
liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing. Which structure is most likely affected?
A. The cricoid cartilage, a signet ring-shaped structure forming the inferior laryngeal framework
B. The epiglottis, a leaf-shaped cartilage that folds over the laryngeal inlet during deglutition
C. The thyroid cartilage, which forms the Adam's apple and shields the vocal folds
D. The arytenoid cartilages, which pivot to control vocal cord tension and abduction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The epiglottis is the key structure that diverts food away from the airway during swallowing by folding inferiorly over the
glottis. While the thyroid and cricoid cartilages provide structural support to the larynx, they do not actively participate in
airway protection during deglutition.
Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam 2026/2027 | Passing Score: 80% | Page 2 of 27
, Q3 Question 3 of 50
A 32-year-old trauma patient arrives at the emergency department with a suspected tracheal
injury following a lateral neck impact. The surgeon notes that the tracheal rings are
incomplete posteriorly, consisting of C-shaped cartilage. What structure occupies the
posterior gap of each tracheal ring?
A. The trachealis muscle, a smooth muscle connecting the posterior ends of the C-shaped
cartilage
B. The esophageal wall, which sits directly posterior to the tracheal rings
C. The posterior longitudinal ligament extending along the vertebral column
D. The recurrent laryngeal nerve running within the tracheoesophageal groove
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
The trachealis muscle is a band of smooth muscle connecting the posterior ends of each C-shaped cartilage ring, allowing
the trachea to constrict during exhalation and adjust diameter. The esophagus lies posteriorly but is a separate structure,
not filling the cartilage gap.
Q4 Question 4 of 50
A 60-year-old smoker undergoes bronchoscopy for chronic cough. The bronchoscopist notes
that the airway passages progressively lose cartilage rings as they extend deeper into the
lung. At which point in the bronchial tree do cartilage plates completely disappear?
A. Segmental bronchi, which supply specific bronchopulmonary segments of the lung
B. Subsegmental bronchi, also referred to as small bronchi in the conducting zone
C. Terminal bronchioles, the smallest conducting airways before gas exchange regions begin
D. Respiratory bronchioles, where alveoli first appear along the airway walls
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Cartilage is present in the trachea, bronchi, and larger bronchioles but completely disappears at the terminal bronchiole
level. Without cartilage, bronchioles rely on elastic recoil rather than rigid support to remain patent, making them susceptible
to collapse in obstructive lung disease.
Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam 2026/2027 | Passing Score: 80% | Page 3 of 27
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT - EXAM
Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5
Exam
2026/2027
50 100% 2026 /2027 2027
QUESTIONS VERIFIED ANSWERS EDITION
TOPICS COVERED
Respiratory System Lab Respiratory Pathology
Pulmonary Volumes & Capacities Acid-Base Balance
Gas Exchange & Transport
COVER PAGE - 1
, SECTION 1 | Respiratory System Lab | Q1-Q10 | Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam 2026/2027
Q1 Question 1 of 50
A 28-year-old medical student examines a sagittal section of a cadaver head in the anatomy
lab. She notes that the superior portion of the nasal cavity contains a specialized olfactory
epithelium rather than typical respiratory epithelium. Which cell type is exclusively found in
this region and is responsible for detecting odorant molecules?
A. Goblet cells that secrete mucus to trap inhaled particles and humidify incoming air
B. Pseudostratified ciliated columnar cells that move mucus toward the pharynx
C. Basal cells that serve as stem cells for continuous epithelial regeneration
D. Olfactory receptor neurons with chemosensitive cilia extending into the nasal lumen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale:
Olfactory receptor neurons are unique bipolar neurons found only in the olfactory epithelium of the superior nasal cavity.
Their dendrites extend cilia into the mucus layer to bind odorant molecules, initiating the sense of smell. Goblet cells and
ciliated columnar cells are found throughout the respiratory epithelium but cannot detect odors.
Q2 Question 2 of 50
A 45-year-old singer visits an ENT specialist after experiencing persistent hoarseness for
three weeks. Laryngoscopy reveals inflammation of the structure that prevents food and
liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing. Which structure is most likely affected?
A. The cricoid cartilage, a signet ring-shaped structure forming the inferior laryngeal framework
B. The epiglottis, a leaf-shaped cartilage that folds over the laryngeal inlet during deglutition
C. The thyroid cartilage, which forms the Adam's apple and shields the vocal folds
D. The arytenoid cartilages, which pivot to control vocal cord tension and abduction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
The epiglottis is the key structure that diverts food away from the airway during swallowing by folding inferiorly over the
glottis. While the thyroid and cricoid cartilages provide structural support to the larynx, they do not actively participate in
airway protection during deglutition.
Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam 2026/2027 | Passing Score: 80% | Page 2 of 27
, Q3 Question 3 of 50
A 32-year-old trauma patient arrives at the emergency department with a suspected tracheal
injury following a lateral neck impact. The surgeon notes that the tracheal rings are
incomplete posteriorly, consisting of C-shaped cartilage. What structure occupies the
posterior gap of each tracheal ring?
A. The trachealis muscle, a smooth muscle connecting the posterior ends of the C-shaped
cartilage
B. The esophageal wall, which sits directly posterior to the tracheal rings
C. The posterior longitudinal ligament extending along the vertebral column
D. The recurrent laryngeal nerve running within the tracheoesophageal groove
Correct Answer: A
Rationale:
The trachealis muscle is a band of smooth muscle connecting the posterior ends of each C-shaped cartilage ring, allowing
the trachea to constrict during exhalation and adjust diameter. The esophagus lies posteriorly but is a separate structure,
not filling the cartilage gap.
Q4 Question 4 of 50
A 60-year-old smoker undergoes bronchoscopy for chronic cough. The bronchoscopist notes
that the airway passages progressively lose cartilage rings as they extend deeper into the
lung. At which point in the bronchial tree do cartilage plates completely disappear?
A. Segmental bronchi, which supply specific bronchopulmonary segments of the lung
B. Subsegmental bronchi, also referred to as small bronchi in the conducting zone
C. Terminal bronchioles, the smallest conducting airways before gas exchange regions begin
D. Respiratory bronchioles, where alveoli first appear along the airway walls
Correct Answer: C
Rationale:
Cartilage is present in the trachea, bronchi, and larger bronchioles but completely disappears at the terminal bronchiole
level. Without cartilage, bronchioles rely on elastic recoil rather than rigid support to remain patent, making them susceptible
to collapse in obstructive lung disease.
Portage Learning BIOD 152 Lab 5 Exam 2026/2027 | Passing Score: 80% | Page 3 of 27
