NSG 3113 Patho for Nurses Exam 2 Review | Verified Q&A |
Graded A+
1. What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli?
Thrombi in leg veins
Thrombi on the mitral valve or aortic valve secondary to infection of
the heart valves
Thrombi in the left ventricle secondary to a previous myocardial
infarction
Thrombi that form in left atrium in patients with heart failure
2. Pneumothorax makes breathing difficult because
air is trapped in the lung because of a bronchial obstruction
air fills the pleural cavity, collapsing the lung
air sacs disintegrate
there is too much air in the alveoli
3. A patient with acute leukemia presents with fatigue and easy bruising. Based
on the pathophysiology of the disease, which laboratory findings would you
expect to see?
Increased hemoglobin and decreased leukocyte count
Increased hemoglobin and normal platelet count
Normal hemoglobin and elevated platelet count
Decreased hemoglobin and low platelet count
,4. What is the primary reason for hypovolemia in patients with nephrotic
syndrome?
Decreased urine output
Fluid shift to the interstitial compartment
Increased blood volume
Excessive fluid intake
5. A patient with a long history of poorly controlled diabetes presents with
symptoms of fatigue and swelling in the legs. What condition might this
patient be developing?
Acute kidney injury
Hypertension
Cystitis
Chronic renal failure
6. A patient presents with yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum and a fever.
What would be the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?
Perform chest physiotherapy.
Start intravenous fluids.
Obtain a sputum culture for analysis.
Administer a bronchodilator immediately.
7. If a patient has burns covering the anterior surface of both legs and the
entire anterior torso, what would be the approximate percentage of body
surface area burned using the rule of nines?
27%
, 45%
36%
22.5%
8. If a patient presents with dysuria and pyuria, what initial diagnostic test would
be most appropriate to confirm cystitis?
Blood culture
CT scan of the abdomen
Ultrasound of the kidneys
Urinalysis
9. A patient presents with a chronic cough and a positive tuberculin skin test. A
chest X-ray reveals small areas of calcification. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Lung cancer
Chronic bronchitis
Pneumonia
Primary tuberculosis
10. Despite having recovered fully from influenza the previous winter, a 56-year-
old male becomes ill after being exposed to a colleague with influenza
virus. Which of the following mechanisms permits his reinfection despite
previous exposure to influenza virus?
Insufficient time has passed for CD4+ T cells to develop memory.
Viral variants evade the immune response against the original virus.
Neutralizing antibodies against influenza disappear rapidly.
, Type 1 hypersensitivity responses occur on second exposure to
influenza.
Intracellular viral particles escape immune surveillance.
11. What is a common physical sign associated with a simple closed
pneumothorax?
Tracheal deviation toward the affected lung
Increased respiratory rate
Asymmetrical chest movements
Decreased breath sounds on the affected side
12. Describe the characteristics of a deep partial-thickness burn and how it
differs from other types of burns.
A deep partial-thickness burn affects only the outer layer of skin,
while full-thickness burns penetrate deeper layers.
A deep partial-thickness burn is characterized by no pain due to
nerve damage, unlike first-degree burns which are very painful.
A deep partial-thickness burn destroys the epidermis and part of
the dermis, causing pain and potential scarring, unlike superficial
burns which only affect the epidermis.
A deep partial-thickness burn is the least severe type, causing
minimal damage to the skin.
13. Describe why hair follicles can be a source of infection in burn wounds.
Hair follicles do not play a role in infection in burn areas.
Hair follicles only contribute to healing, not infection.
Graded A+
1. What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli?
Thrombi in leg veins
Thrombi on the mitral valve or aortic valve secondary to infection of
the heart valves
Thrombi in the left ventricle secondary to a previous myocardial
infarction
Thrombi that form in left atrium in patients with heart failure
2. Pneumothorax makes breathing difficult because
air is trapped in the lung because of a bronchial obstruction
air fills the pleural cavity, collapsing the lung
air sacs disintegrate
there is too much air in the alveoli
3. A patient with acute leukemia presents with fatigue and easy bruising. Based
on the pathophysiology of the disease, which laboratory findings would you
expect to see?
Increased hemoglobin and decreased leukocyte count
Increased hemoglobin and normal platelet count
Normal hemoglobin and elevated platelet count
Decreased hemoglobin and low platelet count
,4. What is the primary reason for hypovolemia in patients with nephrotic
syndrome?
Decreased urine output
Fluid shift to the interstitial compartment
Increased blood volume
Excessive fluid intake
5. A patient with a long history of poorly controlled diabetes presents with
symptoms of fatigue and swelling in the legs. What condition might this
patient be developing?
Acute kidney injury
Hypertension
Cystitis
Chronic renal failure
6. A patient presents with yellowish-green, cloudy, thick sputum and a fever.
What would be the most appropriate initial nursing intervention?
Perform chest physiotherapy.
Start intravenous fluids.
Obtain a sputum culture for analysis.
Administer a bronchodilator immediately.
7. If a patient has burns covering the anterior surface of both legs and the
entire anterior torso, what would be the approximate percentage of body
surface area burned using the rule of nines?
27%
, 45%
36%
22.5%
8. If a patient presents with dysuria and pyuria, what initial diagnostic test would
be most appropriate to confirm cystitis?
Blood culture
CT scan of the abdomen
Ultrasound of the kidneys
Urinalysis
9. A patient presents with a chronic cough and a positive tuberculin skin test. A
chest X-ray reveals small areas of calcification. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
Lung cancer
Chronic bronchitis
Pneumonia
Primary tuberculosis
10. Despite having recovered fully from influenza the previous winter, a 56-year-
old male becomes ill after being exposed to a colleague with influenza
virus. Which of the following mechanisms permits his reinfection despite
previous exposure to influenza virus?
Insufficient time has passed for CD4+ T cells to develop memory.
Viral variants evade the immune response against the original virus.
Neutralizing antibodies against influenza disappear rapidly.
, Type 1 hypersensitivity responses occur on second exposure to
influenza.
Intracellular viral particles escape immune surveillance.
11. What is a common physical sign associated with a simple closed
pneumothorax?
Tracheal deviation toward the affected lung
Increased respiratory rate
Asymmetrical chest movements
Decreased breath sounds on the affected side
12. Describe the characteristics of a deep partial-thickness burn and how it
differs from other types of burns.
A deep partial-thickness burn affects only the outer layer of skin,
while full-thickness burns penetrate deeper layers.
A deep partial-thickness burn is characterized by no pain due to
nerve damage, unlike first-degree burns which are very painful.
A deep partial-thickness burn destroys the epidermis and part of
the dermis, causing pain and potential scarring, unlike superficial
burns which only affect the epidermis.
A deep partial-thickness burn is the least severe type, causing
minimal damage to the skin.
13. Describe why hair follicles can be a source of infection in burn wounds.
Hair follicles do not play a role in infection in burn areas.
Hair follicles only contribute to healing, not infection.
