NSG 3113 Pathophysiology for Nurses Exam 2 | South
College Nashville 2026 | Questions & Verified Answers |
Latest Update | Graded A+
1. Polycythemia Vera is characterized by bone marrow overactivity, resulting in
the clinical manifestations of:
Angina
Claudication
Thrombophlebitis
All of the above
2. What are two diseases that are commonly linked to chronic kidney disease?
Diabetes and hypertension
Heart disease and stroke
Asthma and pneumonia
Liver cirrhosis and pancreatitis
3. Describe how trauma or sepsis leads to the activation of the coagulation
cascade in the context of DIC.
Trauma or sepsis decreases the production of clotting factors,
preventing DIC.
Trauma or sepsis causes the release of procoagulant factors that
activate the coagulation cascade, leading to DIC.
Trauma or sepsis leads to the destruction of blood vessels, causing
DIC.
Trauma or sepsis results in increased platelet count, which prevents
DIC.
,4. What is uremia?
The overproduction of parathyroid hormone due to kidney failure
A build-up of wastes in the blood that occurs in the last stages of
kidney failure or in patients who are not receiving adequate dialysis
An inherited disease that causes large, fluid filled cysts to develop in
the kidneys
A lack of sufficient oxygen to the tissues, due to reduced blood flow
5. A patient presents with low oxygen saturation levels but shows no signs of
tissue hypoxia. What condition might this indicate?
Hypoxia without hypoxemia.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Hypoxemia without hypoxia.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
6. Describe the primary difference between pneumonia and empyema in terms
of their pathophysiological characteristics.
Pneumonia is caused by bacteria, whereas empyema is caused by
viruses.
Pneumonia affects only the upper respiratory tract, while empyema
affects the lower respiratory tract.
Pneumonia involves inflammation of the lung tissue, while empyema
is the accumulation of pus in the pleural space.
Pneumonia is a chronic condition, while empyema is always acute.
,7. Which of the following is the most common cause of intrarenal acute kidney
injury?
Tubular necrosis from prolonged ischemia
Occlusion of the urethra
Tumor stones
8. From which location does a pulmonary embolus most commonly originate?
The upper extremity
The brain
The lower extremity
The kidney
9. Chronic kidney disease is a progressive deterioration in renal function which
results in:
a decline in CrCl
a rise in BUN and SCr
the development of uremic symptoms
all are signs and symptoms of CKD
10. Which disorder has to do with telangiectasia (dilated superficial blood
vessels)?
superficial burn
acne rosacea
Psoriasis
erythema multiform
, 11. A patient presents with recurrent renal calculi. Based on their classification,
what dietary recommendations might you provide to prevent future
occurrences?
Increase fluid intake and reduce oxalate-rich foods if calcium
oxalate stones are present.
Avoid all foods and focus solely on hydration.
Increase protein intake and avoid all types of fluids.
Reduce calcium intake and increase sodium-rich foods.
12. If a patient experiences a severe infection leading to sepsis, what
subsequent condition might they be at risk for developing related to
coagulation?
Acute Renal Failure
Cystitis
Chronic Kidney Disease
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
13. A nurse is assessing a client who presents to the provider's office for
evaluation of multiple nevi. Which of the following findings should the nurse
report to the provider as a possible sign of malignancy?
Uniform pigmentation
Purulent drainage
Intense pruritus
Irregular borders
14. Renal calculi form from a process that begins with:
College Nashville 2026 | Questions & Verified Answers |
Latest Update | Graded A+
1. Polycythemia Vera is characterized by bone marrow overactivity, resulting in
the clinical manifestations of:
Angina
Claudication
Thrombophlebitis
All of the above
2. What are two diseases that are commonly linked to chronic kidney disease?
Diabetes and hypertension
Heart disease and stroke
Asthma and pneumonia
Liver cirrhosis and pancreatitis
3. Describe how trauma or sepsis leads to the activation of the coagulation
cascade in the context of DIC.
Trauma or sepsis decreases the production of clotting factors,
preventing DIC.
Trauma or sepsis causes the release of procoagulant factors that
activate the coagulation cascade, leading to DIC.
Trauma or sepsis leads to the destruction of blood vessels, causing
DIC.
Trauma or sepsis results in increased platelet count, which prevents
DIC.
,4. What is uremia?
The overproduction of parathyroid hormone due to kidney failure
A build-up of wastes in the blood that occurs in the last stages of
kidney failure or in patients who are not receiving adequate dialysis
An inherited disease that causes large, fluid filled cysts to develop in
the kidneys
A lack of sufficient oxygen to the tissues, due to reduced blood flow
5. A patient presents with low oxygen saturation levels but shows no signs of
tissue hypoxia. What condition might this indicate?
Hypoxia without hypoxemia.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome.
Hypoxemia without hypoxia.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
6. Describe the primary difference between pneumonia and empyema in terms
of their pathophysiological characteristics.
Pneumonia is caused by bacteria, whereas empyema is caused by
viruses.
Pneumonia affects only the upper respiratory tract, while empyema
affects the lower respiratory tract.
Pneumonia involves inflammation of the lung tissue, while empyema
is the accumulation of pus in the pleural space.
Pneumonia is a chronic condition, while empyema is always acute.
,7. Which of the following is the most common cause of intrarenal acute kidney
injury?
Tubular necrosis from prolonged ischemia
Occlusion of the urethra
Tumor stones
8. From which location does a pulmonary embolus most commonly originate?
The upper extremity
The brain
The lower extremity
The kidney
9. Chronic kidney disease is a progressive deterioration in renal function which
results in:
a decline in CrCl
a rise in BUN and SCr
the development of uremic symptoms
all are signs and symptoms of CKD
10. Which disorder has to do with telangiectasia (dilated superficial blood
vessels)?
superficial burn
acne rosacea
Psoriasis
erythema multiform
, 11. A patient presents with recurrent renal calculi. Based on their classification,
what dietary recommendations might you provide to prevent future
occurrences?
Increase fluid intake and reduce oxalate-rich foods if calcium
oxalate stones are present.
Avoid all foods and focus solely on hydration.
Increase protein intake and avoid all types of fluids.
Reduce calcium intake and increase sodium-rich foods.
12. If a patient experiences a severe infection leading to sepsis, what
subsequent condition might they be at risk for developing related to
coagulation?
Acute Renal Failure
Cystitis
Chronic Kidney Disease
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
13. A nurse is assessing a client who presents to the provider's office for
evaluation of multiple nevi. Which of the following findings should the nurse
report to the provider as a possible sign of malignancy?
Uniform pigmentation
Purulent drainage
Intense pruritus
Irregular borders
14. Renal calculi form from a process that begins with:
