Nursing Pathophysiology Exam 1
Questions With Correct Answers
describe pathophysiology. what makes it different than A+P?
| | | | | | |
- pathophysiology is the functional changes in the body as a result from
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
disease
- when the normal is disrupted
| | | | | |
- it includes aspects of pathology, which describes structural changes in
| | | | | | | | | | |
body tissues caused by disease.
| | | | |
what is apoptosis?
| |
programmed cell death | | |
- ex: after 120 days, RBC apoptos. apoptosis is a normal occurrence in
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the body| |
,in addition to apoptosis, what are other mechanisms of cell damage?
| | | | | | | | | |
- physical agents such as excessive heat or cold or radiation exposure
| | | | | | | | | | |
- mechanical damage: the pressure or tearing of tissue
| | | | | | | |
- chemical toxins
| |
- microorganisms
|
- nutritional deficits
| |
- imbalance of fluids or electrolytes
| | | | |
- oxygen balance
| |
what are the two types of local disruption of oxygen balance?
| | | | | | | | | |
- obstruction and ischemia
| | | |
- obstruction is when it blocks oxygen but not through arterial blood
| | | | | | | | | | | |
supply; ischemia is when it disrupts arterial blood supply
| | | | | | | | |
- examples of obstruction are asthma and pneumonia
| | | | | | | |
- examples of ischemia is thrombus (clot), injury, and compression
| | | | | | | | | |
(tourniquet) |
,what are the two types of systemic disruptions in oxygen balance?
| | | | | | | | | |
- systemic is all over the body
| | | | | |
- decrease in oxygen intake and anemia are examples of systemic
| | | | | | | | | |
- when oxygen intake decreases, we go into anaerobic respiration which
| | | | | | | | | | |
releases lactic acid. | |
what is hypoxia? | |
a lack of oxygen in the tissues
| | | | | |
- local obstructions and ischemia as well as a decrease in oxygen intake
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
and anemia can lead to hypoxia
| | | | |
as a result of hypoxia, necrosis can occur. what is necrosis and what
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
leads to such? | |
- necrosis is cell death. unlike apoptosis, this is a bad form of cell death.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- infarction is the result of hypoxia and leads to necrosis
| | | | | | | | | |
- infection and inflammation can also lead to necrosis
| | | | | | | | |
, what is atrophy and where is it most commonly found? what are the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
causes of atrophy? | |
- atrophy is the decrease in size of cells
| | | | | | | |
- it is commonly found in skeletal muscle, cardiac tissue, secondary sex
| | | | | | | | | | | |
organs, and the brain | | |
- it is caused by decreased workload, use, nutritional intake,
| | | | | | | | |
nervous/hormonal stimulation, aging, and ischemia
| | | | |
- it results in decreased tissue mass because the environment can't
| | | | | | | | | | |
support the metabolic needs. | | |
what is hypertrophy and where is it most commonly found? what are
| | | | | | | | | | | |
the causes of hypertrophy?
| | |
- hypertrophy is the increase in the size of cells.
| | | | | | | | | |
- it is commonly found in the heart, kidneys, and skeletal muscle
| | | | | | | | | | | |
- physiologic hypertrophy is good and usually due to exercise creating
| | | | | | | | | | |
new blood flow and mitochondria
| | | | |
Questions With Correct Answers
describe pathophysiology. what makes it different than A+P?
| | | | | | |
- pathophysiology is the functional changes in the body as a result from
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
disease
- when the normal is disrupted
| | | | | |
- it includes aspects of pathology, which describes structural changes in
| | | | | | | | | | |
body tissues caused by disease.
| | | | |
what is apoptosis?
| |
programmed cell death | | |
- ex: after 120 days, RBC apoptos. apoptosis is a normal occurrence in
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
the body| |
,in addition to apoptosis, what are other mechanisms of cell damage?
| | | | | | | | | |
- physical agents such as excessive heat or cold or radiation exposure
| | | | | | | | | | |
- mechanical damage: the pressure or tearing of tissue
| | | | | | | |
- chemical toxins
| |
- microorganisms
|
- nutritional deficits
| |
- imbalance of fluids or electrolytes
| | | | |
- oxygen balance
| |
what are the two types of local disruption of oxygen balance?
| | | | | | | | | |
- obstruction and ischemia
| | | |
- obstruction is when it blocks oxygen but not through arterial blood
| | | | | | | | | | | |
supply; ischemia is when it disrupts arterial blood supply
| | | | | | | | |
- examples of obstruction are asthma and pneumonia
| | | | | | | |
- examples of ischemia is thrombus (clot), injury, and compression
| | | | | | | | | |
(tourniquet) |
,what are the two types of systemic disruptions in oxygen balance?
| | | | | | | | | |
- systemic is all over the body
| | | | | |
- decrease in oxygen intake and anemia are examples of systemic
| | | | | | | | | |
- when oxygen intake decreases, we go into anaerobic respiration which
| | | | | | | | | | |
releases lactic acid. | |
what is hypoxia? | |
a lack of oxygen in the tissues
| | | | | |
- local obstructions and ischemia as well as a decrease in oxygen intake
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
and anemia can lead to hypoxia
| | | | |
as a result of hypoxia, necrosis can occur. what is necrosis and what
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
leads to such? | |
- necrosis is cell death. unlike apoptosis, this is a bad form of cell death.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
- infarction is the result of hypoxia and leads to necrosis
| | | | | | | | | |
- infection and inflammation can also lead to necrosis
| | | | | | | | |
, what is atrophy and where is it most commonly found? what are the
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
causes of atrophy? | |
- atrophy is the decrease in size of cells
| | | | | | | |
- it is commonly found in skeletal muscle, cardiac tissue, secondary sex
| | | | | | | | | | | |
organs, and the brain | | |
- it is caused by decreased workload, use, nutritional intake,
| | | | | | | | |
nervous/hormonal stimulation, aging, and ischemia
| | | | |
- it results in decreased tissue mass because the environment can't
| | | | | | | | | | |
support the metabolic needs. | | |
what is hypertrophy and where is it most commonly found? what are
| | | | | | | | | | | |
the causes of hypertrophy?
| | |
- hypertrophy is the increase in the size of cells.
| | | | | | | | | |
- it is commonly found in the heart, kidneys, and skeletal muscle
| | | | | | | | | | | |
- physiologic hypertrophy is good and usually due to exercise creating
| | | | | | | | | | |
new blood flow and mitochondria
| | | | |
