Jersey College Patho Final Exam Questions With Correct Answers

Jersey College Patho Final Exam
Questions With Correct Answers


Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Low
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|hemoglobin/hematocrit due to insufficient iron for hemoglobin | | | | | |



|synthesis.


Causes of Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Chronic blood
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loss (menstruation, GI bleed), insufficient dietary iron, malabsorption
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(e.g., celiac), increased demand (pregnancy).
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Type of disease for Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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Nutritional/hematologic anemia (microcytic, hypochromic). | | |




Organ/system affected by Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Blood; hematopoietic system (bone marrow), circulatory
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system.
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Anatomy & physiology affected by Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Red blood cell (RBC) production in bone marrow; heme
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synthesis requires iron for oxygen transport.
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,Scientific name for Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Iron-
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deficiency anemia. |




Layman's name for Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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Anemia from low iron. | | |




Pathophysiology of Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Low
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iron → reduced hemoglobin synthesis → small (microcytic), pale
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(hypochromic) RBCs → decreased oxygen-carrying capacity → tissue
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hypoxia.
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Etiology of Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Dietary lack,
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chronic losses, malabsorption, increased requirements.
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Signs & symptoms of Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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Fatigue, pallor, tachycardia, shortness of breath on exertion, pica, brittle
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nails, glossitis.
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Diagnostic tests for Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-CBC
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(low Hgb/Hct, low MCV), low ferritin, low serum iron, high TIBC,
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peripheral smear (microcytic hypochromic RBCs), reticulocyte count.
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,Risk factors for Iron deficiency anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Women
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of reproductive age, infants/children, pregnant women, chronic GI
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bleeders, vegetarians without supplementation.
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Pernicious anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Vitamin B12 deficiency
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anemia caused by autoimmune loss of intrinsic factor (IF), leading to
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impaired B12 absorption.
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Causes of Pernicious anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Autoimmune
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destruction of gastric parietal cells or intrinsic factor; gastric surgery;
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malabsorption.
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Type of disease for Pernicious anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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Autoimmune, megaloblastic anemia (macrocytic). | | |




Organ/system affected by Pernicious anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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Hematopoietic system; gastrointestinal (stomach); nervous system
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(myelin).
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Anatomy & physiology affected by Pernicious anemia - CORRECT
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ANSWER✔✔-Parietal cells in stomach produce intrinsic factor needed
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for B12 absorption in terminal ileum; B12 required for DNA synthesis
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and myelin maintenance.
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, Scientific name for Pernicious anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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Pernicious anemia (additionally: autoimmune atrophic gastritis causing
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B12 deficiency).
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Layman's name for Pernicious anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-B12-
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deficiency anemia from lack of stomach factor.
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Pathophysiology of Pernicious anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Loss of | | | | | | |



IF → B12 deficiency → impaired DNA synthesis → megaloblastic RBCs,
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ineffective erythropoiesis → neurologic demyelination (posterior
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columns) if untreated.
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Etiology of Pernicious anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Autoimmune
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gastritis, gastrectomy, chronic gastritis, ileal disease (less common).
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Signs & symptoms of Pernicious anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
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Fatigue, pallor, glossitis, paresthesias, ataxia, decreased
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vibration/position sense, neuropsychiatric symptoms.
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Diagnostic tests for Pernicious anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-CBC
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(macrocytic anemia), low serum B12, elevated methylmalonic acid &
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homocysteine, anti-intrinsic factor/parietal cell antibodies, peripheral
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smear (macro-ovalocytes, hypersegmented neutrophils).
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