, TESTBANK FOR Understanding Viruses Third Edition Shors
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
Quizzes, Midterm and final exams are included (if available in the original resources).
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
⚠️Note on Answer Keys: If the answer key is not included within the chapter
questions, you will find the complete answers and solutions at the end of each
chapter.
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,Import Settings:
Base Settings: Brownstone Default
Information Field: Complexity
Information Field: Ahead
Information Field: Subject
Information Field: Taxonomy
Highest Answer Letter: E
Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No
Chapter: Chapter 01 – Optional Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Retroviral gene therapy has been used to supply a correct copy of what gene to reverse severe
combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) in patients?
A) cAMP-regulated chloride ion transporter
B) Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C) Adenosine deaminase
D) Ornithine transcarbamylase
Ans: C
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Applications of Viruses in Health or Medicine
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
2. What did Edward Jenner inject into his test subjects in an attempt to induce immunity against the
smallpox virus?
A) Heat-killed smallpox virus
B) Infectious fluid from a cowpox pustule
C) Smallpox DNA
D) Dried nervous tissue from infected cows
Ans: B
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Applications of Viruses in Health or Medicine
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
3. Which of the following is an example of direct transmission?
A) Bite from an infected mosquito
B) Touching a contaminated doorknob
C) Sexual contact with an infected individual
D) Ingestion of contaminated water
Ans: C
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Viral Infections: A Brief Introduction to Transmission and Pathogenesis
Subject: Chapter 1
,Taxonomy: Analysis
4. Which of the following is considered the most contagious viral disease in humans?
A) Polio
B) Influenza
C) SARS
D) Measles
Ans: D
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Viruses in History: Great Epidemics
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
5. Poliomyelitis is still endemic to Afghanistan and:
A) Russia.
B) Pakistan.
C) India.
D) China.
E) Kenya.
Ans: B
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Viruses in History: Great Epidemics
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
6. The Hershey-Chase experiment showed that only the phage______ had to enter the bacteria to cause
the production of new phage particles.
A) carbohydrate
B) protein
C) DNA
D) lipids
Ans: C
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Learning from Viruses
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
7. Which historical figure in American history suffered from the paralytic effects of poliomyelitis?
A) Abraham Lincoln
B) Franklin Delano Roosevelt
C) Mark Twain
D) George Washington
Ans: B
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Viruses in History: Great Epidemics
Subject: Chapter 2
Taxonomy: Application
,8. The resurgence of measles in the United States can be attributed to:
A) a rise in the population of deer mice.
B) increased consumption of bushmeat.
C) the appearance of a drug-resistant viral strain.
D) parental resistance to vaccination.
Ans: D
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Recent Viral Outbreaks
Subject: Chapter 2
Taxonomy: Recall
9. A group of viruses believed to have evolved from a common ancestor is known as a:
A) family.
B) clade.
C) species.
D) sibling.
Ans: B
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Learning from Viruses
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
10. Which of the following statements concerning the origin of viruses is false?
A) The majority of genes found in the genomes of large viruses have no known function.
B) It is unlikely that all viruses evolved from a common ancestor.
C) The discovery of the Mimivirus forced scientists to rethink their definition of a virus.
D) Viruses are constantly raining down upon Earth, contaminating it and causing disease outbreaks.
Ans: D
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Theories of Viral Origin
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
True/False
1. True or False? The genome of a virus can be composed of RNA or DNA, but only in double-stranded
forms.
Ans: False
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Characteristics of Viruses
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
,2. True or False? The mummy of Ramses V is believed to be the earliest evidence of measles in human
history.
Ans: False
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Theories of Viral Origin
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
3. True or False? Viral communities present on the skin may influence healthy and disease states in
humans.
Ans: True
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: The Helpful or Collaborative Viruses
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Analysis
4. True or False? Humans and bacteria are the only organisms on Earth capable of being infected by a
virus.
Ans: False
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Applications of Viruses in Health or Medicine
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
5. True or False? The 1918 influenza pandemic was unusual in that it predominately affected young
healthy adults.
Ans: True
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Viruses in History: Great Epidemics
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
Short Answer
1. ________ is both the first virus discovered as well as the first virus visualized by electron microscopy.
Ans: Tobacco mosaic virus
Alternate ans: TMV
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Early Virus Studies
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
2. A spike in the number of cases of a rare lung infection caused by the fungi Pneumocystis carinii is
considered to be the first evidence of the coming ________ epidemic.
,Ans: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Alternative ans: AIDS
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Viruses in History: Great Epidemics
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
3. Body orifices such as the mouth, nose, and urethra are examples of _________ that viruses use to
gain access into our body.
Ans: portals of entry
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Viral Infections: A Brief Introduction to Transmission and Pathogenesis
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
4. Scientists estimate that there are 1013 to 1015 ________ populating our bodies that, while harmless to
us, likely play important roles in influencing both human health and disease.
Ans: bacteriophages
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Human and Aquatic Viromes
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
5. The relationship between parasitoid wasps and ________ illustrates that viruses can benefit their hosts
rather than cause disease.
Ans: polydnaviruses
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: The Helpful or Collaborative Viruses
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
Essay
1. List the major differences between bacteria and viruses.
Ans: First, almost all viruses are smaller than bacteria and cannot be seen by the naked eye. Second,
viruses, unlike bacteria, lack functional organelles or ribosomes. Therefore, viruses are completely
dependent upon host cells for reproduction.
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Characteristics of Viruses
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
2. Detail the importance of cell culture to the field of virology.
,Ans: Before the advent of cell culture, viruses had to be grown in living animal hosts, which limited the
amount of virus that scientists could produce. The discovery of cell culture allowed scientists to cultivate
large quantities of virus, which led to the development of the plaque assays.
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Early Virus Studies
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
3. Define mutualism and provide two natural examples of mutualism between a virus and its host.
Ans: Mutualism is defined as a relationship between two organisms in which each individual benefits from
the activity of the other. For example, polydnavirus infection is essential for the development and survival
of parasitoid wasp eggs in caterpillars. Another example is the cryptic aphid lethal paralysis plant virus
that paralyzes aphid pests on their plant hosts. Lastly, plants infected with the cucumber mosaic virus
(CMV) exhibit increased resistant to drought and cold temperatures.
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: The Helpful or Collaborative Viruses
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
4. Detail what would happen if bacteriophages were selectively removed from seawater.
Ans: Bacteriophages are highly abundant in aquatic environments and play a critical role in providing
carbon and other nutrients to the aquatic ecosystem. The selective removal of bacteriophages from
seawater would reduce the amount of carbon and nutrients made available from lysed bacterial hosts,
which in turn would lead to a collapse in the populations of bacteria and plankton in the aquatic
community.
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Human and Aquatic Viromes
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Analysis
5. Briefly explain the concept of a virome and its impact on human health.
Ans: The virome is the collection of viruses that reside in the human body, primarily on the skin. Both the
presence and absence of certain viral species have been linked to human health and disease states.
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Human and Aquatic Viromes
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
6. Compare and contrast the SARS and MERS outbreaks.
Ans: Both the SARS and MERS outbreaks involved the sudden occurrences of severe respiratory illness
in humans, both were found to be caused by a coronavirus, and both were shown to be zoonotic viral
diseases. However, the outbreaks differ in their location (SARS in China; MERS in the Middle East) and
viral reservoir (Chinese horseshoe bats for SARS; camels for MERS).
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Recent Viral Outbreaks
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
,7. Briefly describe the two currently accepted theories behind the origins of viruses.
Ans: One theory is that RNA and DNA viruses predate the appearance of prokaryotic and eukaryotic host
cells. The other theory holds that viruses “broke away” from the earliest cells as genetic
elements/fragments of the cellular genomes.
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Theories of Viral Origin
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
8. Explain what an R-nought (R0) value of 15 means.
Ans: R0 is the mean number of secondary cases occurring in a nonimmune (susceptible) population
during an outbreak of a contagious viral disease. A disease with an R0 of 15 means that a person who
has the disease will transmit it to an average of 15 other people.
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Viruses in History: Great Epidemics
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
Matching
Match the scientist(s) with their contribution to the field of virology.
1. Showed that filtered extracts from infected tobacco plants could transfer disease to healthy plants
Ans: Ivanovski
2. Published the first transmission electron micrographs of tobacco mosaic virus
Ans: Kausche, Pfankuch, and Ruska
3. First to cultivate polioviruses in cell culture
Ans: Enders, Weller, and Robbins
4. Utilized bacteriophages to establish that DNA was the hereditary/genetic material
Ans: Hershey and Chase
5. Discovered bacteriophages
Ans: Twort and d’Herelle
6. Awarded a Nobel Prize in physiology for the development of animal virus plaque assays
Ans: Dulbecco
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Early Virus Studies
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
Match the virus with its respective outbreak.
7. 1918 outbreak of a severe respiratory illness with a high mortality rate in young adults
Ans: Influenza A virus
8. Outbreak of atypical pneumonia in China in 2003
Ans: SARS
9. Outbreak of severe respiratory illness in the U.S. Four Corners region in 1993
Ans: Hantavirus
, 10. Upsurge of lambs born with malformations of the skull, spine, and brain in 2011
Ans: Schmallenberg virus
11. Outbreak of highly fatal hemorrhagic disease in West Africa in 2014
Ans: Ebola virus
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Recent Viral Outbreaks
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
Quizzes, Midterm and final exams are included (if available in the original resources).
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
⚠️Note on Answer Keys: If the answer key is not included within the chapter
questions, you will find the complete answers and solutions at the end of each
chapter.
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
📅 Always up to date – we track new editions so you always get the latest version.
💬 Friendly support – real humans ready to help, anytime you need us.
🔒 Safe & secure – thousands of satisfied students trust us every semester.
🛡️Our Guarantees
💰 Money-Back Guarantee: Not satisfied? We offer a full refund – no questions asked.
🔄 Wrong File? No Problem: Contact us and we will replace it immediately with the
correct version, free of charge.
⏰ 24/7 Support: We are always here – reach out anytime and expect a fast response.
,Import Settings:
Base Settings: Brownstone Default
Information Field: Complexity
Information Field: Ahead
Information Field: Subject
Information Field: Taxonomy
Highest Answer Letter: E
Multiple Keywords in Same Paragraph: No
Chapter: Chapter 01 – Optional Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Retroviral gene therapy has been used to supply a correct copy of what gene to reverse severe
combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID) in patients?
A) cAMP-regulated chloride ion transporter
B) Phenylalanine hydroxylase
C) Adenosine deaminase
D) Ornithine transcarbamylase
Ans: C
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Applications of Viruses in Health or Medicine
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
2. What did Edward Jenner inject into his test subjects in an attempt to induce immunity against the
smallpox virus?
A) Heat-killed smallpox virus
B) Infectious fluid from a cowpox pustule
C) Smallpox DNA
D) Dried nervous tissue from infected cows
Ans: B
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Applications of Viruses in Health or Medicine
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
3. Which of the following is an example of direct transmission?
A) Bite from an infected mosquito
B) Touching a contaminated doorknob
C) Sexual contact with an infected individual
D) Ingestion of contaminated water
Ans: C
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Viral Infections: A Brief Introduction to Transmission and Pathogenesis
Subject: Chapter 1
,Taxonomy: Analysis
4. Which of the following is considered the most contagious viral disease in humans?
A) Polio
B) Influenza
C) SARS
D) Measles
Ans: D
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Viruses in History: Great Epidemics
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
5. Poliomyelitis is still endemic to Afghanistan and:
A) Russia.
B) Pakistan.
C) India.
D) China.
E) Kenya.
Ans: B
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Viruses in History: Great Epidemics
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
6. The Hershey-Chase experiment showed that only the phage______ had to enter the bacteria to cause
the production of new phage particles.
A) carbohydrate
B) protein
C) DNA
D) lipids
Ans: C
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Learning from Viruses
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
7. Which historical figure in American history suffered from the paralytic effects of poliomyelitis?
A) Abraham Lincoln
B) Franklin Delano Roosevelt
C) Mark Twain
D) George Washington
Ans: B
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Viruses in History: Great Epidemics
Subject: Chapter 2
Taxonomy: Application
,8. The resurgence of measles in the United States can be attributed to:
A) a rise in the population of deer mice.
B) increased consumption of bushmeat.
C) the appearance of a drug-resistant viral strain.
D) parental resistance to vaccination.
Ans: D
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Recent Viral Outbreaks
Subject: Chapter 2
Taxonomy: Recall
9. A group of viruses believed to have evolved from a common ancestor is known as a:
A) family.
B) clade.
C) species.
D) sibling.
Ans: B
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Learning from Viruses
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
10. Which of the following statements concerning the origin of viruses is false?
A) The majority of genes found in the genomes of large viruses have no known function.
B) It is unlikely that all viruses evolved from a common ancestor.
C) The discovery of the Mimivirus forced scientists to rethink their definition of a virus.
D) Viruses are constantly raining down upon Earth, contaminating it and causing disease outbreaks.
Ans: D
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Theories of Viral Origin
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
True/False
1. True or False? The genome of a virus can be composed of RNA or DNA, but only in double-stranded
forms.
Ans: False
Complexity: Easy
Ahead: Characteristics of Viruses
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
,2. True or False? The mummy of Ramses V is believed to be the earliest evidence of measles in human
history.
Ans: False
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Theories of Viral Origin
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
3. True or False? Viral communities present on the skin may influence healthy and disease states in
humans.
Ans: True
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: The Helpful or Collaborative Viruses
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Analysis
4. True or False? Humans and bacteria are the only organisms on Earth capable of being infected by a
virus.
Ans: False
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Applications of Viruses in Health or Medicine
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
5. True or False? The 1918 influenza pandemic was unusual in that it predominately affected young
healthy adults.
Ans: True
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Viruses in History: Great Epidemics
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
Short Answer
1. ________ is both the first virus discovered as well as the first virus visualized by electron microscopy.
Ans: Tobacco mosaic virus
Alternate ans: TMV
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Early Virus Studies
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
2. A spike in the number of cases of a rare lung infection caused by the fungi Pneumocystis carinii is
considered to be the first evidence of the coming ________ epidemic.
,Ans: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Alternative ans: AIDS
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Viruses in History: Great Epidemics
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
3. Body orifices such as the mouth, nose, and urethra are examples of _________ that viruses use to
gain access into our body.
Ans: portals of entry
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Viral Infections: A Brief Introduction to Transmission and Pathogenesis
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
4. Scientists estimate that there are 1013 to 1015 ________ populating our bodies that, while harmless to
us, likely play important roles in influencing both human health and disease.
Ans: bacteriophages
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Human and Aquatic Viromes
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
5. The relationship between parasitoid wasps and ________ illustrates that viruses can benefit their hosts
rather than cause disease.
Ans: polydnaviruses
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: The Helpful or Collaborative Viruses
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
Essay
1. List the major differences between bacteria and viruses.
Ans: First, almost all viruses are smaller than bacteria and cannot be seen by the naked eye. Second,
viruses, unlike bacteria, lack functional organelles or ribosomes. Therefore, viruses are completely
dependent upon host cells for reproduction.
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Characteristics of Viruses
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
2. Detail the importance of cell culture to the field of virology.
,Ans: Before the advent of cell culture, viruses had to be grown in living animal hosts, which limited the
amount of virus that scientists could produce. The discovery of cell culture allowed scientists to cultivate
large quantities of virus, which led to the development of the plaque assays.
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Early Virus Studies
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
3. Define mutualism and provide two natural examples of mutualism between a virus and its host.
Ans: Mutualism is defined as a relationship between two organisms in which each individual benefits from
the activity of the other. For example, polydnavirus infection is essential for the development and survival
of parasitoid wasp eggs in caterpillars. Another example is the cryptic aphid lethal paralysis plant virus
that paralyzes aphid pests on their plant hosts. Lastly, plants infected with the cucumber mosaic virus
(CMV) exhibit increased resistant to drought and cold temperatures.
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: The Helpful or Collaborative Viruses
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
4. Detail what would happen if bacteriophages were selectively removed from seawater.
Ans: Bacteriophages are highly abundant in aquatic environments and play a critical role in providing
carbon and other nutrients to the aquatic ecosystem. The selective removal of bacteriophages from
seawater would reduce the amount of carbon and nutrients made available from lysed bacterial hosts,
which in turn would lead to a collapse in the populations of bacteria and plankton in the aquatic
community.
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Human and Aquatic Viromes
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Analysis
5. Briefly explain the concept of a virome and its impact on human health.
Ans: The virome is the collection of viruses that reside in the human body, primarily on the skin. Both the
presence and absence of certain viral species have been linked to human health and disease states.
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Human and Aquatic Viromes
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
6. Compare and contrast the SARS and MERS outbreaks.
Ans: Both the SARS and MERS outbreaks involved the sudden occurrences of severe respiratory illness
in humans, both were found to be caused by a coronavirus, and both were shown to be zoonotic viral
diseases. However, the outbreaks differ in their location (SARS in China; MERS in the Middle East) and
viral reservoir (Chinese horseshoe bats for SARS; camels for MERS).
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Recent Viral Outbreaks
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
,7. Briefly describe the two currently accepted theories behind the origins of viruses.
Ans: One theory is that RNA and DNA viruses predate the appearance of prokaryotic and eukaryotic host
cells. The other theory holds that viruses “broke away” from the earliest cells as genetic
elements/fragments of the cellular genomes.
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Theories of Viral Origin
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
8. Explain what an R-nought (R0) value of 15 means.
Ans: R0 is the mean number of secondary cases occurring in a nonimmune (susceptible) population
during an outbreak of a contagious viral disease. A disease with an R0 of 15 means that a person who
has the disease will transmit it to an average of 15 other people.
Complexity: Difficult
Ahead: Viruses in History: Great Epidemics
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Application
Matching
Match the scientist(s) with their contribution to the field of virology.
1. Showed that filtered extracts from infected tobacco plants could transfer disease to healthy plants
Ans: Ivanovski
2. Published the first transmission electron micrographs of tobacco mosaic virus
Ans: Kausche, Pfankuch, and Ruska
3. First to cultivate polioviruses in cell culture
Ans: Enders, Weller, and Robbins
4. Utilized bacteriophages to establish that DNA was the hereditary/genetic material
Ans: Hershey and Chase
5. Discovered bacteriophages
Ans: Twort and d’Herelle
6. Awarded a Nobel Prize in physiology for the development of animal virus plaque assays
Ans: Dulbecco
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Early Virus Studies
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
Match the virus with its respective outbreak.
7. 1918 outbreak of a severe respiratory illness with a high mortality rate in young adults
Ans: Influenza A virus
8. Outbreak of atypical pneumonia in China in 2003
Ans: SARS
9. Outbreak of severe respiratory illness in the U.S. Four Corners region in 1993
Ans: Hantavirus
, 10. Upsurge of lambs born with malformations of the skull, spine, and brain in 2011
Ans: Schmallenberg virus
11. Outbreak of highly fatal hemorrhagic disease in West Africa in 2014
Ans: Ebola virus
Complexity: Moderate
Ahead: Recent Viral Outbreaks
Subject: Chapter 1
Taxonomy: Recall
