, TESTBANK FOR Nursing Informatics and the Foundation of Knowledge
Sixth Edition McGonigle
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
Quizzes, Midterm and final exams are included (if available in the original resources).
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
⚠️Note on Answer Keys: If the answer key is not included within the chapter
questions, you will find the complete answers and solutions at the end of each
chapter.
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
📅 Always up to date – we track new editions so you always get the latest version.
💬 Friendly support – real humans ready to help, anytime you need us.
🔒 Safe & secure – thousands of satisfied students trust us every semester.
🛡️Our Guarantees
💰 Money-Back Guarantee: Not satisfied? We offer a full refund – no questions asked.
🔄 Wrong File? No Problem: Contact us and we will replace it immediately with the
correct version, free of charge.
⏰ 24/7 Support: We are always here – reach out anytime and expect a fast response.
, Nursing Informatics & Foundation of Knowledge 6E –
Test Bank
McGonigle_Ch01-Nursing Inform & Found of Knowledge 6E
1. Wisdom is:
a. knowledge applied in a practical way or translated into actions.
b. insight to exercise sound judgment in practical matters.
c. the synthesis of our experience, insight, understanding, and knowledge.
✓ d. All of these are correct.
2. When nursing professionals work with information and generate information and
knowledge as a product, they can be described as:
a. seasoned professionals.
✓ b. knowledge workers.
c. practice managers.
d. innovators.
3. A nurse has committed to lifelong learning and understands that it will come from which of
the following?
✓ a. The knowledge generation and dissemination from other healthcare providers
b. The knowledge acquisition and processing of other healthcare providers
c. The research generation from nurse researchers and application of evidence
d. The generation of knowledge and research from medical health providers
4. Which of the following activities is used to build a foundation of knowledge in professional
practice?
a. Reading research and theory articles
b. Attending continuing education programs
c. Consulting with expert colleagues and using clinical practice guidelines
✓ d. All of these are correct.
5. A nurse is caring for a complex patient with a multidisciplinary team. The nurse
demonstrates autonomy, advanced critical thinking, and interpersonal skills. What challenge
might this nurse have in working with the team?
✓ a. Resistance to change
b. Inexperience in leadership
c. Difficulty making nursing judgments
d. Lack of expertise
6. A nurse attends continuing education programs and reads nursing research articles
regularly, thereby:
, a. disseminating nursing knowledge.
b. enhancing the nurse's wisdom.
c. demonstrating professional collaboration.
✓ d. contributing to the nurse's foundation of knowledge.
7. Reflection on practice to gain insight into why an approach was successful (or not) in a
practice situation helps a professional to build:
✓ a. tacit knowledge.
b. explicit knowledge.
c. organizational knowledge.
d. collaborative knowledge.
8. A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions. Which type of knowledge
will they use?
✓ a. Explicit
b. Indirect
c. Clinical
d. Critical
9. Researchers and discipline experts are likely to be which type of knowledge worker?
a. Knowledge consumers
b. Knowledge innovators
✓ c. Knowledge generators
d. Knowledge brokers
10. A nurse is teaching a new nurse about knowledge workers. Which statement by the nurse
is correct?
✓ a. “Advanced practice nurses who are experts in nursing are considered knowledge generators.”
b. “Experienced nurses are knowledge consumers because they know where to find knowledge.”
c. “Nurse researchers are knowledge consumers because they collect data that already exist.”
d. “A new nurse is a knowledge broker because they use resources to find information.”
11. True or False? Knowledge and wisdom are synonymous.
a. True
✓ b. False
12. True or False? Nurses use data and information. This information is then converted to
knowledge. The nurse then acts on this knowledge by initiating a plan of care, updating an
existing one, or maintaining the status quo.
✓ a. True
b. False
13. True or False? Situations, experiences, education, and knowledge building promote
transitions between types of knowledge workers.
✓ a. True
, b. False
14. True or False? Nursing science focuses on the ethical application of knowledge.
✓ a. True
b. False
15. True or False? Each person processes and assimilates knowledge in a unique way.
✓ a. True
b. False
McGonigle_Ch02-Nursing Inform & Found of Knowledge 6E
1. What are data?
✓ a. Raw facts
b. Processed information
c. Inputted items that produce information
d. None of these is correct.
2. _______ allows users to apply their intellect to accomplish their tasks while the tools
housing the information disappear from conscious thought.
a. Utility
b. Reproducibility
✓ c. Transparency
d. Verifiability
3. Which of the following is sometimes thought of as the highest form of common sense,
resulting from accumulated knowledge or erudition (deep, thorough learning) or
enlightenment (education that results in understanding and the dissemination of knowledge)?
a. Data
✓ b. Wisdom
c. Information
d. Knowledge
4. Data are dirty when there are errors such as:
a. duplicate entries.
b. incomplete or outdated records.
✓ c. duplicate entries and incomplete or outdated records.
d. None of these is correct.
5. True or False? It is important to understand how people obtain, manipulate, use, share, and
dispose of information.
✓ a. True
b. False
,6. True or False? The knowledge used to develop and glean knowledge from valuable
information is generative (having the ability to originate and produce or generate) in nature.
✓ a. True
b. False
7. True or False? In information systems, data are the same thing as inputs.
✓ a. True
b. False
8. True or False? Nurses are knowledge workers.
✓ a. True
b. False
9. True or False? Characteristics of valuable, quality information include accessibility,
security, timeliness, accuracy, relevancy, completeness, flexibility, reliability, objectivity,
utility, transparency, verifiability, and reproducibility.
✓ a. True
b. False
10. True or False? Information science integrates features from cognitive science,
communication science, computer science, library science, and the social sciences.
✓ a. True
b. False
11. True or False? Information is acquired either by actively looking for it or by having it
conveyed by the environment.
✓ a. True
b. False
12. True or False? Relevant information is a subjective descriptor, in that a group of users
must have information that is relevant or applicable to their needs at the same time.
a. True
✓ b. False
McGonigle_Ch03-Nursing Inform & Found of Knowledge 6E
1. Essentially, a computer is:
a. an input–output system.
b. an electronic information-processing machine that serves as a tool to manipulate data and information.
c. a machine that accepts data inputted via a variety of devices, processes data through logical and
arithmetic rendering, stores the data in memory components, and outputs data and information to the user.
✓ d. All of these are correct.
2. The term that refers to the ability of the OS to be moved from one hardware architecture to
another with few changes is:
, a. security.
b. compatibility.
c. extensibility.
✓ d. portability.
3. Which of the following terms refers to using layered architecture with a protected executive
layer that allows additional environment subsystems to be added without affecting the
executive layer?
a. Security
b. Compatibility
✓ c. Extensibility
d. Portability
4. Which of the following terms refers to the second most commonly used input device, which
is manipulated by the user's hand to point, click, and move objects around the computer
screen?
✓ a. Mouse
b. Printer
c. Monitor
d. Keyboard
5. Which of the following is the term for the measurement in bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes,
and gigabytes of the data that can transfer from or to your computer?
a. Broadband
b. Internet traffic
✓ c. Bandwidth
d. Connection speed
6. True or False? Computer science offers extremely valuable tools that, if used skillfully, can
facilitate the acquisition and manipulation of data and information by professionals, who can
then synthesize these into an evolving knowledge and wisdom base.
✓ a. True
b. False
7. True or False? The term “plug and play” refers to peripheral computer add-ons, such as an
iPod or game console, that can be simply plugged into a serial or other port and instantly
used.
✓ a. True
b. False
8. True or False? The sound card converts digital data into an analog signal that is then output
to the computer's speakers or headphones. The reverse is also accomplished by inputting a
signal from a microphone or other audio recording equipment, which then converts the
analog signal to a digital signal.
✓ a. True
b. False
,9. True or False? Cache memory is extremely quick memory that holds whatever data and
code are being used at any one time.
✓ a. True
b. False
10. True or False? The size of the power supply should be chosen based on the amount of
devices and programs being used on the computer.
✓ a. True
b. False
11. True or False? Computers can be linked to other computers through networking software
and hardware to promote communication, information exchange, work sharing, and
collaboration.
✓ a. True
b. False
12. True or False? The difference between mobile and wireless broadband depends on the
limitations to access the Internet and the access method.
✓ a. True
b. False
McGonigle_Ch04-Nursing Inform & Found of Knowledge 6E
1. Which of the following is the study of the nature and origin of knowledge—what it means to
know?
✓ a. Epistemology
b. Wisdom
c. Connectionism
d. Knowledge
2. A nurse is learning about a new nursing skill through observations and interactions. This
process is known as:
✓ a. knowledge acquisition.
b. development of wisdom.
c. epistemology.
d. reasoning.
3. From which perspective does cognitive science study the mind, intelligence, and behavior?
a. Philosophical
b. Sociological
✓ c. Information processing
d. Discipline science
,4. A nurse is explaining cognitive science to a nursing student. Which statement indicates
that the nursing student understands?
✓ a. “Cognitive science pertains to how information is processed in the mind.”
b. “Cognitive science is the study of the nature and origin of knowledge.”
c. “Cognitive science is computer modeling through artificial neural networks to explain human intellectual
abilities.”
d. “Cognitive science is based on knowledge being derived from experiences or senses.”
5. Clinical decision support systems help users to:
a. consider the consequences of alternative actions.
b. choose the best course of action.
c. make decisions in unfamiliar circumstances.
✓ d. All of these are correct.
6. A nurse is caring for a patient who experiences a complication after surgery. The nurse
understands the cause-and-effect relationship because her knowledge is based in:
✓ a. reason.
b. instinct.
c. empiricism.
d. intuition.
7. A nurse is explaining how cognitive informatics helps improve information technology in
health care. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
✓ a. “Cognitive informatics examines how humans interact with computers so better information technology
systems can be built.”
b. “Cognitive informatics helps build complex computer systems for human use.”
c. “Cognitive informatics examines how the human brain is similar to a computer.”
d. “Cognitive informatics looks at how the human brain processes data and information that comes from a
computer.”
8. A nurse takes a continuing education course on a new nursing skill. The application of this
new knowledge in a practical way is known as:
✓ a. wisdom.
b. skill competency.
c. reasoning.
d. skill execution.
9. AI frequently functions in an assistive role in healthcare decision making. This is also
known as:
a. cognitive intelligence.
✓ b. augmented intelligence.
c. assisted intelligence.
d. computerized intelligence.
, 10. True or False? Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary field that studies the mind,
intelligence, and behavior from an information-processing perspective.
✓ a. True
b. False
11. True or False? As AI becomes more sophisticated, it is likely to replace human decision
making in health care.
a. True
✓ b. False
12. True or False? The three sources of knowledge are intuition, instinct, and wisdom.
a. True
✓ b. False
McGonigle_Ch05-Nursing Inform & Found of Knowledge 6E
1. New technologies in digital communications, electronic health records, and telehealth raise
issues related to:
a. comprehensiveness of care.
b. the digital divide.
c. justice and fidelity.
✓ d. privacy and confidentiality.
2. Case-based ethical reasoning that considers the facts of a case in a sound, logical, and
ordered or structured manner is known as:
a. principlism.
b. case-based ethics.
✓ c. casuistry.
d. ethical decision-making.
3. When healthcare agencies provide access to health information on websites, they:
a. are essentially practicing medicine.
b. expect people to follow the advice.
c. are responsible for actions that people take as a result.
✓ d. must adhere to responsible information standards.
4. Practice-based ethics as described by Husted and Husted (1995) focuses on:
✓ a. bringing about human benefit.
b. normative approaches to ethics.
c. examining moral life.
d. understanding right or good action.
5. In ethics theory, autonomy means:
a. personal responsibility.
Sixth Edition McGonigle
Important Notes
The file includes the complete test bank, organized chapter by chapter.
A sample of selected pages has been provided for preview.
All available appendices and Excel files (if included in the original resources) are
provided.
Quizzes, Midterm and final exams are included (if available in the original resources).
We continuously update our files to ensure you receive the latest and most accurate
editions.
New editions are added regularly – stay connected for updates!
⚠️Note on Answer Keys: If the answer key is not included within the chapter
questions, you will find the complete answers and solutions at the end of each
chapter.
✅ Why Buy From Us?
📚 Complete & organized chapter-by-chapter – no missing content, no guessing.
⚡ Instant digital delivery – get your file the moment you pay, no waiting.
📅 Always up to date – we track new editions so you always get the latest version.
💬 Friendly support – real humans ready to help, anytime you need us.
🔒 Safe & secure – thousands of satisfied students trust us every semester.
🛡️Our Guarantees
💰 Money-Back Guarantee: Not satisfied? We offer a full refund – no questions asked.
🔄 Wrong File? No Problem: Contact us and we will replace it immediately with the
correct version, free of charge.
⏰ 24/7 Support: We are always here – reach out anytime and expect a fast response.
, Nursing Informatics & Foundation of Knowledge 6E –
Test Bank
McGonigle_Ch01-Nursing Inform & Found of Knowledge 6E
1. Wisdom is:
a. knowledge applied in a practical way or translated into actions.
b. insight to exercise sound judgment in practical matters.
c. the synthesis of our experience, insight, understanding, and knowledge.
✓ d. All of these are correct.
2. When nursing professionals work with information and generate information and
knowledge as a product, they can be described as:
a. seasoned professionals.
✓ b. knowledge workers.
c. practice managers.
d. innovators.
3. A nurse has committed to lifelong learning and understands that it will come from which of
the following?
✓ a. The knowledge generation and dissemination from other healthcare providers
b. The knowledge acquisition and processing of other healthcare providers
c. The research generation from nurse researchers and application of evidence
d. The generation of knowledge and research from medical health providers
4. Which of the following activities is used to build a foundation of knowledge in professional
practice?
a. Reading research and theory articles
b. Attending continuing education programs
c. Consulting with expert colleagues and using clinical practice guidelines
✓ d. All of these are correct.
5. A nurse is caring for a complex patient with a multidisciplinary team. The nurse
demonstrates autonomy, advanced critical thinking, and interpersonal skills. What challenge
might this nurse have in working with the team?
✓ a. Resistance to change
b. Inexperience in leadership
c. Difficulty making nursing judgments
d. Lack of expertise
6. A nurse attends continuing education programs and reads nursing research articles
regularly, thereby:
, a. disseminating nursing knowledge.
b. enhancing the nurse's wisdom.
c. demonstrating professional collaboration.
✓ d. contributing to the nurse's foundation of knowledge.
7. Reflection on practice to gain insight into why an approach was successful (or not) in a
practice situation helps a professional to build:
✓ a. tacit knowledge.
b. explicit knowledge.
c. organizational knowledge.
d. collaborative knowledge.
8. A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions. Which type of knowledge
will they use?
✓ a. Explicit
b. Indirect
c. Clinical
d. Critical
9. Researchers and discipline experts are likely to be which type of knowledge worker?
a. Knowledge consumers
b. Knowledge innovators
✓ c. Knowledge generators
d. Knowledge brokers
10. A nurse is teaching a new nurse about knowledge workers. Which statement by the nurse
is correct?
✓ a. “Advanced practice nurses who are experts in nursing are considered knowledge generators.”
b. “Experienced nurses are knowledge consumers because they know where to find knowledge.”
c. “Nurse researchers are knowledge consumers because they collect data that already exist.”
d. “A new nurse is a knowledge broker because they use resources to find information.”
11. True or False? Knowledge and wisdom are synonymous.
a. True
✓ b. False
12. True or False? Nurses use data and information. This information is then converted to
knowledge. The nurse then acts on this knowledge by initiating a plan of care, updating an
existing one, or maintaining the status quo.
✓ a. True
b. False
13. True or False? Situations, experiences, education, and knowledge building promote
transitions between types of knowledge workers.
✓ a. True
, b. False
14. True or False? Nursing science focuses on the ethical application of knowledge.
✓ a. True
b. False
15. True or False? Each person processes and assimilates knowledge in a unique way.
✓ a. True
b. False
McGonigle_Ch02-Nursing Inform & Found of Knowledge 6E
1. What are data?
✓ a. Raw facts
b. Processed information
c. Inputted items that produce information
d. None of these is correct.
2. _______ allows users to apply their intellect to accomplish their tasks while the tools
housing the information disappear from conscious thought.
a. Utility
b. Reproducibility
✓ c. Transparency
d. Verifiability
3. Which of the following is sometimes thought of as the highest form of common sense,
resulting from accumulated knowledge or erudition (deep, thorough learning) or
enlightenment (education that results in understanding and the dissemination of knowledge)?
a. Data
✓ b. Wisdom
c. Information
d. Knowledge
4. Data are dirty when there are errors such as:
a. duplicate entries.
b. incomplete or outdated records.
✓ c. duplicate entries and incomplete or outdated records.
d. None of these is correct.
5. True or False? It is important to understand how people obtain, manipulate, use, share, and
dispose of information.
✓ a. True
b. False
,6. True or False? The knowledge used to develop and glean knowledge from valuable
information is generative (having the ability to originate and produce or generate) in nature.
✓ a. True
b. False
7. True or False? In information systems, data are the same thing as inputs.
✓ a. True
b. False
8. True or False? Nurses are knowledge workers.
✓ a. True
b. False
9. True or False? Characteristics of valuable, quality information include accessibility,
security, timeliness, accuracy, relevancy, completeness, flexibility, reliability, objectivity,
utility, transparency, verifiability, and reproducibility.
✓ a. True
b. False
10. True or False? Information science integrates features from cognitive science,
communication science, computer science, library science, and the social sciences.
✓ a. True
b. False
11. True or False? Information is acquired either by actively looking for it or by having it
conveyed by the environment.
✓ a. True
b. False
12. True or False? Relevant information is a subjective descriptor, in that a group of users
must have information that is relevant or applicable to their needs at the same time.
a. True
✓ b. False
McGonigle_Ch03-Nursing Inform & Found of Knowledge 6E
1. Essentially, a computer is:
a. an input–output system.
b. an electronic information-processing machine that serves as a tool to manipulate data and information.
c. a machine that accepts data inputted via a variety of devices, processes data through logical and
arithmetic rendering, stores the data in memory components, and outputs data and information to the user.
✓ d. All of these are correct.
2. The term that refers to the ability of the OS to be moved from one hardware architecture to
another with few changes is:
, a. security.
b. compatibility.
c. extensibility.
✓ d. portability.
3. Which of the following terms refers to using layered architecture with a protected executive
layer that allows additional environment subsystems to be added without affecting the
executive layer?
a. Security
b. Compatibility
✓ c. Extensibility
d. Portability
4. Which of the following terms refers to the second most commonly used input device, which
is manipulated by the user's hand to point, click, and move objects around the computer
screen?
✓ a. Mouse
b. Printer
c. Monitor
d. Keyboard
5. Which of the following is the term for the measurement in bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes,
and gigabytes of the data that can transfer from or to your computer?
a. Broadband
b. Internet traffic
✓ c. Bandwidth
d. Connection speed
6. True or False? Computer science offers extremely valuable tools that, if used skillfully, can
facilitate the acquisition and manipulation of data and information by professionals, who can
then synthesize these into an evolving knowledge and wisdom base.
✓ a. True
b. False
7. True or False? The term “plug and play” refers to peripheral computer add-ons, such as an
iPod or game console, that can be simply plugged into a serial or other port and instantly
used.
✓ a. True
b. False
8. True or False? The sound card converts digital data into an analog signal that is then output
to the computer's speakers or headphones. The reverse is also accomplished by inputting a
signal from a microphone or other audio recording equipment, which then converts the
analog signal to a digital signal.
✓ a. True
b. False
,9. True or False? Cache memory is extremely quick memory that holds whatever data and
code are being used at any one time.
✓ a. True
b. False
10. True or False? The size of the power supply should be chosen based on the amount of
devices and programs being used on the computer.
✓ a. True
b. False
11. True or False? Computers can be linked to other computers through networking software
and hardware to promote communication, information exchange, work sharing, and
collaboration.
✓ a. True
b. False
12. True or False? The difference between mobile and wireless broadband depends on the
limitations to access the Internet and the access method.
✓ a. True
b. False
McGonigle_Ch04-Nursing Inform & Found of Knowledge 6E
1. Which of the following is the study of the nature and origin of knowledge—what it means to
know?
✓ a. Epistemology
b. Wisdom
c. Connectionism
d. Knowledge
2. A nurse is learning about a new nursing skill through observations and interactions. This
process is known as:
✓ a. knowledge acquisition.
b. development of wisdom.
c. epistemology.
d. reasoning.
3. From which perspective does cognitive science study the mind, intelligence, and behavior?
a. Philosophical
b. Sociological
✓ c. Information processing
d. Discipline science
,4. A nurse is explaining cognitive science to a nursing student. Which statement indicates
that the nursing student understands?
✓ a. “Cognitive science pertains to how information is processed in the mind.”
b. “Cognitive science is the study of the nature and origin of knowledge.”
c. “Cognitive science is computer modeling through artificial neural networks to explain human intellectual
abilities.”
d. “Cognitive science is based on knowledge being derived from experiences or senses.”
5. Clinical decision support systems help users to:
a. consider the consequences of alternative actions.
b. choose the best course of action.
c. make decisions in unfamiliar circumstances.
✓ d. All of these are correct.
6. A nurse is caring for a patient who experiences a complication after surgery. The nurse
understands the cause-and-effect relationship because her knowledge is based in:
✓ a. reason.
b. instinct.
c. empiricism.
d. intuition.
7. A nurse is explaining how cognitive informatics helps improve information technology in
health care. Which statement by the nurse is correct?
✓ a. “Cognitive informatics examines how humans interact with computers so better information technology
systems can be built.”
b. “Cognitive informatics helps build complex computer systems for human use.”
c. “Cognitive informatics examines how the human brain is similar to a computer.”
d. “Cognitive informatics looks at how the human brain processes data and information that comes from a
computer.”
8. A nurse takes a continuing education course on a new nursing skill. The application of this
new knowledge in a practical way is known as:
✓ a. wisdom.
b. skill competency.
c. reasoning.
d. skill execution.
9. AI frequently functions in an assistive role in healthcare decision making. This is also
known as:
a. cognitive intelligence.
✓ b. augmented intelligence.
c. assisted intelligence.
d. computerized intelligence.
, 10. True or False? Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary field that studies the mind,
intelligence, and behavior from an information-processing perspective.
✓ a. True
b. False
11. True or False? As AI becomes more sophisticated, it is likely to replace human decision
making in health care.
a. True
✓ b. False
12. True or False? The three sources of knowledge are intuition, instinct, and wisdom.
a. True
✓ b. False
McGonigle_Ch05-Nursing Inform & Found of Knowledge 6E
1. New technologies in digital communications, electronic health records, and telehealth raise
issues related to:
a. comprehensiveness of care.
b. the digital divide.
c. justice and fidelity.
✓ d. privacy and confidentiality.
2. Case-based ethical reasoning that considers the facts of a case in a sound, logical, and
ordered or structured manner is known as:
a. principlism.
b. case-based ethics.
✓ c. casuistry.
d. ethical decision-making.
3. When healthcare agencies provide access to health information on websites, they:
a. are essentially practicing medicine.
b. expect people to follow the advice.
c. are responsible for actions that people take as a result.
✓ d. must adhere to responsible information standards.
4. Practice-based ethics as described by Husted and Husted (1995) focuses on:
✓ a. bringing about human benefit.
b. normative approaches to ethics.
c. examining moral life.
d. understanding right or good action.
5. In ethics theory, autonomy means:
a. personal responsibility.
