Nutrition 1322 Exam 2 Questions With Complete Solutions
Briefly describe the environmental impact of meat production
Correct Answers -Global warming (cows producing large
quantities of methane)
-Land degradation (to make room)
cholesterol Correct Answers <300mg/day
Compare and contrast hypercalcemia and excess dietary intake
of calcium Correct Answers (Calcium Tetany): High levels
cause muscle weakness and loss of responsiveness
Compare and contrast hypocalcemia and dietary deficiency of
calcium Correct Answers -Is not caused from dietary
deficiency of calcium
-Caused by various diseases, including kidney disease, vit. D
deficiency, and diseases that inhibit the production of PTH.
- Allows more sodium to enter cells: increased action potential
firing and neuromuscular excitability (twitches and muscle
spasms)
Define bone matrix and describe its composition Correct
Answers Hard part of the bone (collagen and calcium salts)
Define bone remodeling. Correct Answers (resorption and
formation): Occurs throughout life
-affects shape, thickness and density of bones
-regulate blood calcium homeostasis
-Influence hormones, nutrition, physical activity, and etc.
,Define complementary proteins Correct Answers Two protein
sources that together supply all nine essential amino acids
-Ex: beans and rice
Define complete protein Correct Answers (high quality
protein) contains sufficient amount of all nine essential amino
acids: Animal proteins, Soybean, Quinoa
Define essential amino acids Correct Answers Amino acids
that our bodies cannot produce at all or produce enough to meet
sufficient quantities the meet our physiological needs
Define free radicals. And briefly describe their impact on
physiology and health/disease Correct Answers -Excess of free
radicals have been linked to chronic diseases (cancer/tumors)
and aging
-Waste product from natural oxidation reactions occurring in the
body
-Also called *reactive species*
-Atoms with odd/number of electrons in outer shell --> Steals
electrons in atoms w/ even number electrons
Define incomplete protein Correct Answers (low quality
protein) does not contain all essential amino acids in most
quantities: Most plant proteins
Define mutual supplementation Correct Answers Combine two
incomplete proteins to make a complete protein
, Define nonessential amino acids Correct Answers As important
as EAA; Our bodies can synthesize them in sufficient quantities,
so we do not need to consume in our diet
Define osteoporosis Correct Answers A medical condition in
which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue
Define oxidation Correct Answers -Occurring naturally in the
body
-A type of chemical reaction
-*(O.I.L.) Oxidation is Loss of electron*
-Often fueled by oxygen
-Release waste product - free radicals
Define proteins in 3 aspects - nutrition, Anatomy & physiology,
and chemistry Correct Answers 1) Make up body structures
-Critical components of all tissue in body
-Muscle
-Skin, Hair, Nails
-Bone & Cartilage
2)Play critical role in physiological function
-Metabolism - enzymes
-Immunity - antibodies (globulins)
-nutrient transport - channl proteins or protein pumps
-Gas transport - hemoglobin
3)In certain circumstances, provide energy
Define water intoxication. Explain why water intoxication can
lead to death? Correct Answers (Hyponatremia) - Dilution of
sodium. Water follows sodium, causes cells to burst. Not enough
sodium, means muscles can not contract (i.e. heart)
Briefly describe the environmental impact of meat production
Correct Answers -Global warming (cows producing large
quantities of methane)
-Land degradation (to make room)
cholesterol Correct Answers <300mg/day
Compare and contrast hypercalcemia and excess dietary intake
of calcium Correct Answers (Calcium Tetany): High levels
cause muscle weakness and loss of responsiveness
Compare and contrast hypocalcemia and dietary deficiency of
calcium Correct Answers -Is not caused from dietary
deficiency of calcium
-Caused by various diseases, including kidney disease, vit. D
deficiency, and diseases that inhibit the production of PTH.
- Allows more sodium to enter cells: increased action potential
firing and neuromuscular excitability (twitches and muscle
spasms)
Define bone matrix and describe its composition Correct
Answers Hard part of the bone (collagen and calcium salts)
Define bone remodeling. Correct Answers (resorption and
formation): Occurs throughout life
-affects shape, thickness and density of bones
-regulate blood calcium homeostasis
-Influence hormones, nutrition, physical activity, and etc.
,Define complementary proteins Correct Answers Two protein
sources that together supply all nine essential amino acids
-Ex: beans and rice
Define complete protein Correct Answers (high quality
protein) contains sufficient amount of all nine essential amino
acids: Animal proteins, Soybean, Quinoa
Define essential amino acids Correct Answers Amino acids
that our bodies cannot produce at all or produce enough to meet
sufficient quantities the meet our physiological needs
Define free radicals. And briefly describe their impact on
physiology and health/disease Correct Answers -Excess of free
radicals have been linked to chronic diseases (cancer/tumors)
and aging
-Waste product from natural oxidation reactions occurring in the
body
-Also called *reactive species*
-Atoms with odd/number of electrons in outer shell --> Steals
electrons in atoms w/ even number electrons
Define incomplete protein Correct Answers (low quality
protein) does not contain all essential amino acids in most
quantities: Most plant proteins
Define mutual supplementation Correct Answers Combine two
incomplete proteins to make a complete protein
, Define nonessential amino acids Correct Answers As important
as EAA; Our bodies can synthesize them in sufficient quantities,
so we do not need to consume in our diet
Define osteoporosis Correct Answers A medical condition in
which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue
Define oxidation Correct Answers -Occurring naturally in the
body
-A type of chemical reaction
-*(O.I.L.) Oxidation is Loss of electron*
-Often fueled by oxygen
-Release waste product - free radicals
Define proteins in 3 aspects - nutrition, Anatomy & physiology,
and chemistry Correct Answers 1) Make up body structures
-Critical components of all tissue in body
-Muscle
-Skin, Hair, Nails
-Bone & Cartilage
2)Play critical role in physiological function
-Metabolism - enzymes
-Immunity - antibodies (globulins)
-nutrient transport - channl proteins or protein pumps
-Gas transport - hemoglobin
3)In certain circumstances, provide energy
Define water intoxication. Explain why water intoxication can
lead to death? Correct Answers (Hyponatremia) - Dilution of
sodium. Water follows sodium, causes cells to burst. Not enough
sodium, means muscles can not contract (i.e. heart)
