, CHAPTER 1: The Science of the Mind
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.1. Describe the scope and goals of cognitive psychology.
1.2. Understand the case of H.M., and the many ways that memory influences our lives.
1.3. Describe the limitations of introspection as a method for scientific inquiry.
1.4. Compare and contrast classical (Watsonian) behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
1.5. Kant’s “transcendental method” is sometimes called “inference to best explanation.” Explain this method and how itworks.
1.6. Describe the role, in the emergence of cognitive psychology, that was played by computer science and the d
evelop- ment of “computer intelligence.”
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following topics is NOT commonly studied within cognitive psychology?
a. anger management c. memory
b. decision making d. Attention
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF:
The Scope of Cognitive Psychology OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Understanding
2. Cognitive processes are NOT necessary for which daily activity?
a. reading a newspape c. talking on the phone
r
d. breathing
b. studying for a test
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF:
The Scope of Cognitive Psychol
og
y
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa wants to be a psychologist but is unsure which topic within psychology most interests her.
Which o f the following topics would be LEAST likely to lead her into cognitive psychology?
a. amnesia c. Lyme disease
b. language acquisition d. problem-solving strategies
,ANS: C DIF: Easy REF:
The Scope of Cognitive Psychology OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
4. Consider the sequence “Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank.” Most
people, aft er hearing this sequence, believe Betsy was checking her piggy bank to see if she had money to spend
on the gift. This inferen ce about Betsy’s goals depends on the fact that
a. our previous knowledge fills in background information whenever we’re understanding a
n ev ent or conversation.
b. readers are likely to know someone named Jacob.
c. English, unlike other languages, requires speakers to mention all of the people invol
ved i n an event.
d. the individual sentences are short.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF:
The Broad Role for Memory OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Understanding
5. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to patient H.M.?
a. “He cannot remember what he did earlier today, including events that took place just an hour ago.”
b. “He read this story last month, but he was still surprised by how the story turned out.”
c. “Even though he has encountered the nurse many times, he is still unable to recognize her.”
d. “He remembered that it was only a week ago that he’d heard the sad news that his uncle had died.”
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF:
Amnesia and Memory Loss OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Applying
6. Research with H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?
a. Introspection is an important research tool for cognitive psychologists.
b. Cognitive psychology can help us understand a wide range of activities that depend on s
omeo ne’s ability to remember.
c. Memory is not very important.
d. The disruption caused by brain damage depends on how widespread the damage is, and no
t on the specific sites that are damaged.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF:
The Scope of Cognitive Psychol
og
y
OBJ: 1.2 MSC:- Evaluating
7. Patients- suffering- from- clinical- amnesia- are- characterized- by
a. memory- dysfunction. c. inarticulate- speech.
b. an- inability- to- recognize- d. impaired- language- comprehension.
patter-ns
.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF:
Amnesia- and- Memory- Loss- OBJ: 1.2 MSC:- Remembering
8. The- term- “introspection”- refers- to- the
a. process- by- which- one- individual- seeks- to- infer- the- thoughts- of- another- individual.
, b. procedure- of- examining- thought- processing- by- monitoring- the- brain’s- electrical- activity.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1.1. Describe the scope and goals of cognitive psychology.
1.2. Understand the case of H.M., and the many ways that memory influences our lives.
1.3. Describe the limitations of introspection as a method for scientific inquiry.
1.4. Compare and contrast classical (Watsonian) behaviorism and cognitive psychology.
1.5. Kant’s “transcendental method” is sometimes called “inference to best explanation.” Explain this method and how itworks.
1.6. Describe the role, in the emergence of cognitive psychology, that was played by computer science and the d
evelop- ment of “computer intelligence.”
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following topics is NOT commonly studied within cognitive psychology?
a. anger management c. memory
b. decision making d. Attention
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF:
The Scope of Cognitive Psychology OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Understanding
2. Cognitive processes are NOT necessary for which daily activity?
a. reading a newspape c. talking on the phone
r
d. breathing
b. studying for a test
ANS: D DIF: Easy REF:
The Scope of Cognitive Psychol
og
y
OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
3. Alyssa wants to be a psychologist but is unsure which topic within psychology most interests her.
Which o f the following topics would be LEAST likely to lead her into cognitive psychology?
a. amnesia c. Lyme disease
b. language acquisition d. problem-solving strategies
,ANS: C DIF: Easy REF:
The Scope of Cognitive Psychology OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Applying
4. Consider the sequence “Betsy wanted to bring Jacob a present. She shook her piggy bank.” Most
people, aft er hearing this sequence, believe Betsy was checking her piggy bank to see if she had money to spend
on the gift. This inferen ce about Betsy’s goals depends on the fact that
a. our previous knowledge fills in background information whenever we’re understanding a
n ev ent or conversation.
b. readers are likely to know someone named Jacob.
c. English, unlike other languages, requires speakers to mention all of the people invol
ved i n an event.
d. the individual sentences are short.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF:
The Broad Role for Memory OBJ: 1.1 MSC: Understanding
5. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to apply to patient H.M.?
a. “He cannot remember what he did earlier today, including events that took place just an hour ago.”
b. “He read this story last month, but he was still surprised by how the story turned out.”
c. “Even though he has encountered the nurse many times, he is still unable to recognize her.”
d. “He remembered that it was only a week ago that he’d heard the sad news that his uncle had died.”
ANS: D DIF: Moderate REF:
Amnesia and Memory Loss OBJ: 1.2 MSC: Applying
6. Research with H.M. provides an illustration for which major theme of the chapter?
a. Introspection is an important research tool for cognitive psychologists.
b. Cognitive psychology can help us understand a wide range of activities that depend on s
omeo ne’s ability to remember.
c. Memory is not very important.
d. The disruption caused by brain damage depends on how widespread the damage is, and no
t on the specific sites that are damaged.
ANS: B DIF: Moderate REF:
The Scope of Cognitive Psychol
og
y
OBJ: 1.2 MSC:- Evaluating
7. Patients- suffering- from- clinical- amnesia- are- characterized- by
a. memory- dysfunction. c. inarticulate- speech.
b. an- inability- to- recognize- d. impaired- language- comprehension.
patter-ns
.
ANS: A DIF: Easy REF:
Amnesia- and- Memory- Loss- OBJ: 1.2 MSC:- Remembering
8. The- term- “introspection”- refers- to- the
a. process- by- which- one- individual- seeks- to- infer- the- thoughts- of- another- individual.
, b. procedure- of- examining- thought- processing- by- monitoring- the- brain’s- electrical- activity.
