RN
Fresenius RN Exam Questions
With 100% Correct Answers!!
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system? Answer- 2
Kidneys
2 Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Anatomical structure of kidneys, order of urine flow? Answer-
kidneys, ureters,
urinary bladder,
urethra
Kidneys produce urine which is transported by the ureters to the
bladder where it is
stored and eventually excreted from the body via
the urethra.
What is a nephron? Answer- Nephrons are the functional units of the
kidney. They
are a tubular structure that filter blood to
form urine.
What are nephrons composed of? Answer- Glomerulus and Tubules
What is a glomerulus composed of? Answer- Tangled cluster of
capillaries
surrounded by the Bowman's
capsule.
How does blood enter the kidney? Answer- Through the renal artery
What is the acronym for the 7 functions of the kidneys? Answer- A Wet
Bed
What does A Wet Bed stand for? Answer- A - acid base balance
maintenance
W - water balance
maintenance
E - electrolyte
balance
T - toxin
removal
B - blood pressure regulation
E - erythropoietin production
Fresenius RN Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers!!
,RN
D - vitamin d metabolism
What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the 5 stages of
kidney disease?
Answer- GFR describes the flow rate of filtered fluid
through the kidney.
GFR of the 5 stages of kidney disease? Answer- 1.
90 or greater
2. 60-
89
3. 30-
59
4. 15-
29
5. less than
15
Descriptions of the 5 stages of kidney disease? Answer- 1. Normal
kidney function
but urine or other abnormalities point to
kidney disease.
2. Mildly reduced kidney function, urine or other
abnormalities point to kidney
diseas
e.
3. Moderately reduced kidney
function.
4. Severely reduced kidney
function.
5. Very severely reduced kidney function (also
called CKD)
What are the types of kidney failure? Answer- Acute and chronic
What can cause acute renal failure? Answer-
Drug toxicity
MV
A
Dehydrati
on
Characteristics of acute renal failure? Answer-
Sudden Onset
Sever
e
Usually
reversible
What can cause chronic renal failure? Answer-
Diabetes
Hypertensi
on
Glomerulonephr
itis
Fresenius RN Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers!!
,RN
What are ome characteristics of chronic renal failure? Answer- Slow
Progressi
s eonset
Permane
v t
n
Other causes of Renal Failure can include: Answer- Polycystic Kidney
Interstitial
Disease
Goodpastur
Nephritis Synrom
Wilm's
e rd e
Systemic
Tumo ythematos
Alport's eErus
Lupus
Sickle
DiseasCell e
Dru Toxicity (Heroin, cocaine, NSAIDs,
Diseas
AI
g Sacetaminophen)
Obstructio
D
Scleroder
ns a
m
Classicgns of renal failure? Answer- Elevated serum BUN/creatinine,
potassi
si m
phosphorus,
Anem
u a
Nerve
i damae
Yello-gray
g ppearance of the
Flu
w d verlo
a dskin
SO
i Ao a
Edem
a
Hypertensi
on
Proteinuri
a
Classic
symptoms of renal failure? Answer-
Lethary
Uremia
Weakne
g s
Hea
s ach
Itchi
d g e
Fatigu
n
Nausa
e
Restlessne
e s
Mental
s Status
hange
Loss
c of s
appetite
What is anemia? Answer- Lack of Red Blood Cells RBC's
What causes anemia? Answer- Decreased of lacking erythropoietin
production
Shortened RBC lifespan
Decreased iron absorption
Blood loss during dialysis
Fresenius RN Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers!!
, RN
How is anemia treated? Answer- Erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA's)
are administered. ESAs stimulate RBC production in the bone marrow.
Examples of ESA's include Epogen, Aranesp, and Mircera.
Signs and symptoms of
anemia? Answer- Fatigue
Decreased
energy levels
SOA
Decreased sense of
well-being
Hgb range for ESRD
patients is 10-11
Role of iron and iron medications with
Anemia? Answer- Iron bind with RBC's
Formulates
Hgb
Allows RBC to
transport oxygen
Examples include
Venofer, Ferrlicit
RN administration is usually 50
mg IVP every other week.
Given IV due to absorption and constipation
properties seen with oral preparations.
Which functions of healthy kidneys are
replaced by dialysis? Answer- Removal of
waste
products
Regulation of fluid
balance
What are 3 modalities of treatment for
ESRD? Answer- Hemodialysis
Peritoneal
dialysis
Transplantati
on
Describe hemodialysis Answer- Uses a vascular access to draw blood from
the patient and send to the dialyzer and into the semi permeable
membrane where diffusion removes the waste products and ultrafiltration
removes the fluid.
Describe Peritoneal dialysis Answer- There are 2 types: Continuous cycle
peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
(CAPD)
Both types use a permanently placed catheter in the patients highly
vascularized peritoneal cavity. The peritoneum is the membrane
surrounding the organs in the abdomen During CAPD, dialysate is infused
Fresenius RN Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers!!
Fresenius RN Exam Questions
With 100% Correct Answers!!
What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system? Answer- 2
Kidneys
2 Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Anatomical structure of kidneys, order of urine flow? Answer-
kidneys, ureters,
urinary bladder,
urethra
Kidneys produce urine which is transported by the ureters to the
bladder where it is
stored and eventually excreted from the body via
the urethra.
What is a nephron? Answer- Nephrons are the functional units of the
kidney. They
are a tubular structure that filter blood to
form urine.
What are nephrons composed of? Answer- Glomerulus and Tubules
What is a glomerulus composed of? Answer- Tangled cluster of
capillaries
surrounded by the Bowman's
capsule.
How does blood enter the kidney? Answer- Through the renal artery
What is the acronym for the 7 functions of the kidneys? Answer- A Wet
Bed
What does A Wet Bed stand for? Answer- A - acid base balance
maintenance
W - water balance
maintenance
E - electrolyte
balance
T - toxin
removal
B - blood pressure regulation
E - erythropoietin production
Fresenius RN Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers!!
,RN
D - vitamin d metabolism
What is Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) in the 5 stages of
kidney disease?
Answer- GFR describes the flow rate of filtered fluid
through the kidney.
GFR of the 5 stages of kidney disease? Answer- 1.
90 or greater
2. 60-
89
3. 30-
59
4. 15-
29
5. less than
15
Descriptions of the 5 stages of kidney disease? Answer- 1. Normal
kidney function
but urine or other abnormalities point to
kidney disease.
2. Mildly reduced kidney function, urine or other
abnormalities point to kidney
diseas
e.
3. Moderately reduced kidney
function.
4. Severely reduced kidney
function.
5. Very severely reduced kidney function (also
called CKD)
What are the types of kidney failure? Answer- Acute and chronic
What can cause acute renal failure? Answer-
Drug toxicity
MV
A
Dehydrati
on
Characteristics of acute renal failure? Answer-
Sudden Onset
Sever
e
Usually
reversible
What can cause chronic renal failure? Answer-
Diabetes
Hypertensi
on
Glomerulonephr
itis
Fresenius RN Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers!!
,RN
What are ome characteristics of chronic renal failure? Answer- Slow
Progressi
s eonset
Permane
v t
n
Other causes of Renal Failure can include: Answer- Polycystic Kidney
Interstitial
Disease
Goodpastur
Nephritis Synrom
Wilm's
e rd e
Systemic
Tumo ythematos
Alport's eErus
Lupus
Sickle
DiseasCell e
Dru Toxicity (Heroin, cocaine, NSAIDs,
Diseas
AI
g Sacetaminophen)
Obstructio
D
Scleroder
ns a
m
Classicgns of renal failure? Answer- Elevated serum BUN/creatinine,
potassi
si m
phosphorus,
Anem
u a
Nerve
i damae
Yello-gray
g ppearance of the
Flu
w d verlo
a dskin
SO
i Ao a
Edem
a
Hypertensi
on
Proteinuri
a
Classic
symptoms of renal failure? Answer-
Lethary
Uremia
Weakne
g s
Hea
s ach
Itchi
d g e
Fatigu
n
Nausa
e
Restlessne
e s
Mental
s Status
hange
Loss
c of s
appetite
What is anemia? Answer- Lack of Red Blood Cells RBC's
What causes anemia? Answer- Decreased of lacking erythropoietin
production
Shortened RBC lifespan
Decreased iron absorption
Blood loss during dialysis
Fresenius RN Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers!!
, RN
How is anemia treated? Answer- Erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA's)
are administered. ESAs stimulate RBC production in the bone marrow.
Examples of ESA's include Epogen, Aranesp, and Mircera.
Signs and symptoms of
anemia? Answer- Fatigue
Decreased
energy levels
SOA
Decreased sense of
well-being
Hgb range for ESRD
patients is 10-11
Role of iron and iron medications with
Anemia? Answer- Iron bind with RBC's
Formulates
Hgb
Allows RBC to
transport oxygen
Examples include
Venofer, Ferrlicit
RN administration is usually 50
mg IVP every other week.
Given IV due to absorption and constipation
properties seen with oral preparations.
Which functions of healthy kidneys are
replaced by dialysis? Answer- Removal of
waste
products
Regulation of fluid
balance
What are 3 modalities of treatment for
ESRD? Answer- Hemodialysis
Peritoneal
dialysis
Transplantati
on
Describe hemodialysis Answer- Uses a vascular access to draw blood from
the patient and send to the dialyzer and into the semi permeable
membrane where diffusion removes the waste products and ultrafiltration
removes the fluid.
Describe Peritoneal dialysis Answer- There are 2 types: Continuous cycle
peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
(CAPD)
Both types use a permanently placed catheter in the patients highly
vascularized peritoneal cavity. The peritoneum is the membrane
surrounding the organs in the abdomen During CAPD, dialysate is infused
Fresenius RN Exam Questions With 100% Correct Answers!!
