ADPP #1 PPP145 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026 LATEST PREP GUIDE
VERIFIED A+
◉ Proving criminal liability.
Answer: 1. Prosecution must prove each element of offence beyond
reasonable doubt
2. Establishing mens rea and actus reus.
◉ Temporal Coincidence.
Answer: Actus reus and Mens rea must coincide in time (occur
simultaneously)
◉ Define strict liability.
Answer: An emphasis on Actus reus and excludes much of Mens rea.
Eg. traffic offences.
◉ Define the Doctrine of Doli Incapax & Age of Criminal
Responsibility.
Answer: - A child under 10 is incapable of forming a criminal intent
therefore they cannot be charged for any offences.
- Ages between 10-14 is presumed that they cannot commit any crimes
because they do not understand what is right or wrong.
,◉ Penalty for:
a) Serious Indictable Offence
b) Minor Indictable Offence
c) Strictly Indictable Offence.
Answer: a) 5 years or more
b) 2-5 years
c) 20 years - life
◉ Statute of Limitations for:
a) Summary matters
b) Indictable matters.
Answer: a) 6 months
b) no time limit
◉ Evidence Act 1995 Section 140.
Answer: Civil Proceedings : standard of proof
Prosecutor must prove the balance of probabilities.
◉ Evidence Act 1995 Section 141.
Answer: Criminal Proceedings: standard of proof
Prosecutor must prove beyond reasonable doubt.
◉ Sections contained in an Act.
,Answer: 1. Offence
2. Definition
3. Power
4. Procedural
◉ STOPAR.
Answer: Stop = stop/focus on problem
Think = consider own knowledge of policing situations, key factors
(5WHs)
Observe = gather information to formulate plan, identify key elements,
risk assessment
Act = implement action plan
Review = assess/self-reflect situation, outcome, actions, further
improvements.
◉ Admissible Evidence must be:.
Answer: 1. Relevant (Evidence Act s.55)
2. Reliable (Evidence Act s.165)
3. Fair (Evidence Act s.135)
◉ Sources of Evidence.
Answer: 1. Original = oral testimonies
2. Real = physical evidence: weapons, DNA, fingerprints
3. Documentary = written, electronic, audio, visual records
, ◉ Define inculpatory evidence..
Answer: evidence that incriminates (guilty)
◉ Define exculpatory evidence.
Answer: evidence that exonerates (innocent)
◉ Hierarchy of Secondary ID methods.
Answer: 1. Crowd Scenes
2. Photographs
3. In Dock (court)
◉ Define Arrest.
Answer: T = total Restraint of the personal liberty of another
E = effective from the moment a person is not free to come and go as
they please
A = A officer plainly conveys by words or actions that a suspect is not
free to leave
◉ Reasons To Arrest.
Answer: - Offence
- Virtue of a Warrant
- Breach of Peace
- Virtue of a specific power other than LEPRA
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS 2026 LATEST PREP GUIDE
VERIFIED A+
◉ Proving criminal liability.
Answer: 1. Prosecution must prove each element of offence beyond
reasonable doubt
2. Establishing mens rea and actus reus.
◉ Temporal Coincidence.
Answer: Actus reus and Mens rea must coincide in time (occur
simultaneously)
◉ Define strict liability.
Answer: An emphasis on Actus reus and excludes much of Mens rea.
Eg. traffic offences.
◉ Define the Doctrine of Doli Incapax & Age of Criminal
Responsibility.
Answer: - A child under 10 is incapable of forming a criminal intent
therefore they cannot be charged for any offences.
- Ages between 10-14 is presumed that they cannot commit any crimes
because they do not understand what is right or wrong.
,◉ Penalty for:
a) Serious Indictable Offence
b) Minor Indictable Offence
c) Strictly Indictable Offence.
Answer: a) 5 years or more
b) 2-5 years
c) 20 years - life
◉ Statute of Limitations for:
a) Summary matters
b) Indictable matters.
Answer: a) 6 months
b) no time limit
◉ Evidence Act 1995 Section 140.
Answer: Civil Proceedings : standard of proof
Prosecutor must prove the balance of probabilities.
◉ Evidence Act 1995 Section 141.
Answer: Criminal Proceedings: standard of proof
Prosecutor must prove beyond reasonable doubt.
◉ Sections contained in an Act.
,Answer: 1. Offence
2. Definition
3. Power
4. Procedural
◉ STOPAR.
Answer: Stop = stop/focus on problem
Think = consider own knowledge of policing situations, key factors
(5WHs)
Observe = gather information to formulate plan, identify key elements,
risk assessment
Act = implement action plan
Review = assess/self-reflect situation, outcome, actions, further
improvements.
◉ Admissible Evidence must be:.
Answer: 1. Relevant (Evidence Act s.55)
2. Reliable (Evidence Act s.165)
3. Fair (Evidence Act s.135)
◉ Sources of Evidence.
Answer: 1. Original = oral testimonies
2. Real = physical evidence: weapons, DNA, fingerprints
3. Documentary = written, electronic, audio, visual records
, ◉ Define inculpatory evidence..
Answer: evidence that incriminates (guilty)
◉ Define exculpatory evidence.
Answer: evidence that exonerates (innocent)
◉ Hierarchy of Secondary ID methods.
Answer: 1. Crowd Scenes
2. Photographs
3. In Dock (court)
◉ Define Arrest.
Answer: T = total Restraint of the personal liberty of another
E = effective from the moment a person is not free to come and go as
they please
A = A officer plainly conveys by words or actions that a suspect is not
free to leave
◉ Reasons To Arrest.
Answer: - Offence
- Virtue of a Warrant
- Breach of Peace
- Virtue of a specific power other than LEPRA
