BIOS 251 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY I
EXAM 1 CERTIFICATION REVIEW SET 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
⫸ Define buffer Answer: form chemical systems that absorb excess
acids or bases to maintain a relatively stable pH, maintains homeostasis
⫸ Define metabolism Answer: refers to the whole sum of reactions that
occur throughout the body within each cell and they provide the body
with energy.
⫸ Define homeostasis Answer: Maintaining a stable internal
environment, maintains state of balance
⫸ Define differentiation Answer: The process by which cells become
progressively more specialized; a normal process through which cells
mature
⫸ Define histology Answer: study of tissues
⫸ sagittal plane Answer: divides body into left and right
⫸ coronal plane(or frontal) Answer: divides body into front and back
, ⫸ transverse plane Answer: line that divides the body into upper and
lower sections
⫸ Superior position Answer: toward the head, upper, above
⫸ inferior position Answer: toward the feet, lower, below
⫸ Anterior position(ventral) Answer: Front side/in front of
⫸ Posterior position(dorsal) Answer: a body part is located toward the
back. (dorsal)
⫸ medial position Answer: Toward the midline of the body
⫸ lateral position Answer: away from the midline
⫸ Proximal position Answer: Proximal refers to a part of the body that
is closer to the origin of that body part.
⫸ Distal position Answer: Farther from the point of origin of a structure
or farther from the reference point or the midline axis
⫸ superficial Answer: (adj.) on or near the surface; concerned with or
understanding only what is on the surface, shallow
EXAM 1 CERTIFICATION REVIEW SET 2026
QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS
⫸ Define buffer Answer: form chemical systems that absorb excess
acids or bases to maintain a relatively stable pH, maintains homeostasis
⫸ Define metabolism Answer: refers to the whole sum of reactions that
occur throughout the body within each cell and they provide the body
with energy.
⫸ Define homeostasis Answer: Maintaining a stable internal
environment, maintains state of balance
⫸ Define differentiation Answer: The process by which cells become
progressively more specialized; a normal process through which cells
mature
⫸ Define histology Answer: study of tissues
⫸ sagittal plane Answer: divides body into left and right
⫸ coronal plane(or frontal) Answer: divides body into front and back
, ⫸ transverse plane Answer: line that divides the body into upper and
lower sections
⫸ Superior position Answer: toward the head, upper, above
⫸ inferior position Answer: toward the feet, lower, below
⫸ Anterior position(ventral) Answer: Front side/in front of
⫸ Posterior position(dorsal) Answer: a body part is located toward the
back. (dorsal)
⫸ medial position Answer: Toward the midline of the body
⫸ lateral position Answer: away from the midline
⫸ Proximal position Answer: Proximal refers to a part of the body that
is closer to the origin of that body part.
⫸ Distal position Answer: Farther from the point of origin of a structure
or farther from the reference point or the midline axis
⫸ superficial Answer: (adj.) on or near the surface; concerned with or
understanding only what is on the surface, shallow
