Test Bank For Textbook Of Diagnostic Microbiology 7th
Edition By Connie R. Mahon
Chapters 1 - 41
, Mahon: Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 7th Edition Test Bank
Table of contents
Part 1: Introduction to Clinical Microbiology
Chapter 1. Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics
Chapter 2. Host-Parasite Interaction
Chapter 3. The Laboratory Role in Infection Control
Chapter 4. Control of Microorganisms: Disinfection, Sterilization, and Microbiology Safety
Chapter 5. Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory
Chapter 6. Specimen Collection and Processing
Chapter 7. Microscopic Examination of Materials from Infected Sites
Chapter 8. Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms
Chapter 9. Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria
Chapter 10. Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Chapter 11. Applications of Molecular Diagnostics
Chapter 12. Antibacterial Mechanisms of Action and Bacterial Resistance Mechanisms
Chapter 13. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Part 2: Laboratory Identification of Significant Isolates
Chapter 14. Staphylococci
Chapter 15. Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci
Chapter 16. Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Chapter 17. Neisseria Species and Moraxella catarrhalis
Chapter 18. Haemophilus, HACEK, Legionella and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli
Chapter 19. Enterobacteriaceae
Chapter 20. Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Campylobacter Species
Chapter 21. Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli
Chapter 22. Anaerobes of Clinical Importance
Chapter 23. The Spirochetes
Chapter 24. Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Similar Organisms
Chapter 25. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
Chapter 26. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Chapter 27. Medically Significant Fungi
Chapter 28. Diagnostic Parasitology
Chapter 29. Clinical Virology
Chapter 30. Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology
Chapter 31. Biofilms: Architects of Disease
Part 3: Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: and Organ System Approach to Diagnostic Microbiology
Chapter 32. Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Chapter 33. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Chapter 34. Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning
Chapter 35. Infections of the Central Nervous System
Chapter 36. Bacteremia and Sepsis
Chapter 37. Urinary Tract Infections
Chapter 38. Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections
Chapter 39. Infections in Special Populations
Chapter 40. Zoonotic Diseases
Chapter 41. Ocular Infections
-
,Chapter 01: Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics
Mahon: Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 7th Edition Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. To survive, microbial inhabitants have learned to adapt by varying all of the following, except
a. growth rate.
b. growth in all atmospheric conditions.
c. growth at particular temperatures.
d. bacterial shape.
ANSWER: D
The chapter begins by discussing the way microbial inhabitants have had to evolve to survive
in many different niches and habitats. It discusses slow growers, rapid growers, and
replication with scarce or abundant nutrients, under different atmospheric conditions,
temperature requirements, and cell structure. Bacterial shape as a form of evolution is not
discussed.
OBJ: Level 2: Interpretation
2. Who was considered the father of protozoology and bacteriology?
a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
b. Louis Pasteur
c. Carl Landsteiner
d. Michael Douglas
ANSWER: A
The book discusses Anton van Leeuwenhoek as the inventor of the microscope and the first
person to see the “beasties.” So they dubbed him the father of protozoology and
bacteriology. The other three individuals were not discussed.
OBJ: Level 1: Recall
3. Prokaryotic cells have which of the following structures in their cytoplasm?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. Ribosomes
c. Mitochondria
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
ANSWER: B
All the structures listed are found in eukaryotic cells, but ribosomes are the only ones that
apply to prokaryotic cells.
OBJ: Level 1: Recall
4. This form of DNA is commonly found in eukaryotic cells.
a. Linear
b. Circular
c. Plasmid
d. Colloid
.
.
, ANSWER: A
Circular and plasmid DNA are usually found only in bacteria, not eukaryotic cells. Colloid is a
property of protein molecules and is not associated with nucleotides.
OBJ: Level 1: Recall
5. The nuclear membrane in prokaryotes is
a. missing.
b. impenetrable.
c. a classic membrane.
d. a lipid bilayer membrane.
ANSWER: A
Prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane-bound structures in the cytoplasm including a
structured nucleus.
OBJ: Level 1: Recall
6. A microorganism that is a unicellular organism and lacks a nuclear membrane and true
nucleus belongs to which classification?
a. Fungi
b. Bacteria
c. Algae
d. Parasite
ANSWER: B
Fungi, algae, and parasites are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that contain a true nucleus.
Bacteria are prokaryotic and do not contain a true nucleus or nuclear membrane.
OBJ: Level 1: Recall
7. In the laboratory, the clinical microbiologist is responsible for all the following, except
a. isolating microorganisms.
b. selecting treatment for patients.
c. identifying microorganisms.
d. analyzing bacteria that cause disease.
ANSWER: B
Clinical microbiologists do not select the treatment for patients. They provide the doctor with
the name of the organism and the antibiotics that can kill the bacteria, but not in the final
selection of treatment protocols.
OBJ: Level 2: Recall
8. What enables the microbiologist to select the correct media for primary culture and optimize
the chance of isolating a pathogenic organism?
a. Determining staining characteristics
b. Understanding the cell structure and biochemical pathways of an organism
c. Understanding the growth requirements of potential pathogens at specific body site
d. Knowing the differences in cell walls of particular bacteria
ANSWER: C
, By understanding growth requirements, a microbiologist can maximize the chance of the
organism being isolated from a culture. The other three choices are used to identify a
bacterium once it has grown on media.
OBJ: Level 2: Interpretation
9. A clinical laboratory scientist is working on the bench, reading plates, and notices that a
culture has both a unicellular form and a filamentous form. What type of organism exhibits
these forms?
a. Virus
b. Fungi
c. Bacteria
d. Parasite
ANSWER: B
Viruses typically only have one form and would not grow on plate media. Bacteria have two
forms: a vegetative cell and spore form. Parasites may have trophozoite, cysts, egg, etc. Fungi
are the organism classification that may have both unicellular yeast forms and filamentous
hyphal forms in the same culture plate.
OBJ: Level 2: Interpretation
10. All of the following statements are true about viruses, except:
a. Viruses consist of DNA or RNA but not both.
b. Viruses are acellular but are surrounded by a protein coat.
c. Viruses can infect bacteria, plants, and animals.
d. Viruses do not need host cells to survive and grow.
ANSWER: D
Viruses need to have a host cell because they do not have the ability to reproduce or nourish
themselves without the host’s cellular mechanisms.
OBJ: Level 2: Interpretation
11. Diagnostic microbiologists apply placement and naming of bacterial organisms into all the
following categories, except
a. order.
b. family.
c. genus.
d. species.
ANSWER: A
Clinical microbiologists use the family, genus, and species taxonomic categories to identify
species that are important for diagnostic diseases.
OBJ: Level 1: Recall
12. Bacterial species that exhibit phenotypic differences are considered
a. biovarieties.
b. serovarieties.
c. phagevarieties.
d. subspecies.
.
.
, ANSWER:t 1 D
Biovarietiest1varyt1basedt1ont1biochemicalt1testt1results,t1serovarietiest1varyt1basedt1ont1serologict1tes
t1tresults,t1andt1phagevarietiest1ist1at1fictitioust1word.
OBJ:t1 Levelt12:t1Interpretation
13. Whatt1structuret1ist1describedt1ast1at1phospholipidt1bilayert1embeddedt1witht1proteinst1andt1sterolst1t
hat1rt egulatest1thet1typet1andt1amountt1oft1chemicalst1thatt1passt1int1andt1outt1oft1at1cell?
a. Cellt1wall
b. Mitochondria
c. Endoplasmict1reticulum
d. Plasmat1membrane
ANSWER:t 1 D
Thet1cellt1wallt1ist1thet1outert1coveringt1madet1upt1oft1lipids.t1Thet1mitochondriat1ist1at1cellulart1organellet
1thatt1ist1consideredt1thet1powerhouset1oft1thet1cellt1(electront1transportt1andt1oxidativet1phosphorylati
on1toccurt1here).t1Thet1endoplasmict1reticulumt1ist1at1cellulart1organellet1wheret1proteint1synthesist1occurs.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
14. Whatt1makest1thet1interiort1oft1thet1plasmat1membranet1potentiallyt1impermeablet1tot1water-
soluble1mt olecules?
a. Thet1hydrophobict1tailst1oft1thet1phospholipidt1moleculest1aret1foundt1there.
b. Thet1hydrophilict1tailst1oft1thet1phospholipidt1moleculest1aret1foundt1there.
c. Thet1iont1channelst1aret1foundt1there.
d. Thet1cholesterolt1moleculest1int1thet1plasmat1membranet1aret1foundt1solelyt1int1thet1interior1t
oft1thet1membrane.
ANSWER:t 1 A
Thet1plasmat1membranet1ist1designedt1sot1thatt1thet1hydrophilict1headst1oft1thet1phospholipidt1mole
culest1aret1positionedt1tot1maket1contactt1witht1thet1intracellulart1andt1extracellulart1fluids.t1The1ht ydr
ophobict1tailst1oft1thet1phospholipidt1moleculest1facet1awayt1fromt1thet1fluidst1andt1formt1thet1interi
ort1oft1thet1plasmat1membrane.t1Thet1tailst1oft1thet1phospholipidt1moleculest1aret1hydrophobic,1tnott1
hydrophilic.t1Thet1iont1channelst1extendt1throught1thet1cellulart1membrane.t1Thet1cholesterolt1molec
ulest1alsot1extendt1throught1thet1plasmat1membrane.
OBJ:t1 Levelt12:t1Interpretation
15. Thet1functiont1oft1at1cellt1wallt1ist1to
a. regulatet1thet1transportt1oft1macromoleculest1int1andt1outt1oft1thet1cell.
b. providet1rigidityt1andt1strengtht1tot1thet1exteriort1oft1thet1cell.
c. providet1reservet1energyt1tot1thet1eukaryotict1cell.
d. protectt1thet1eukaryotet1fromt1predators.
ANSWER:t 1 B
Thet1plasmat1membranet1regulatest1thet1transportt1oft1macromoleculest1int1andt1outt1oft1thet1cell,t1no
tt1thet1cellt1wall.t1Thet1mitochondriat1providet1energyt1tot1thet1eukaryotict1cell.t1Cellt1wallst1aret1nott1a
ble1ttot1protectt1at1eukaryotict1cellt1fromt1predators.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
.
.
,16. Namet1thet1numeroust1shortt1(3t1tot110t1μm)t1projectionst1thatt1extendt1fromt1thet1cellt1surfacet1andt1a
re1ut sedt1fort1cellulart1locomotion.
a. Flagella
b. Mitochondria
c. Cilia
d. Phospholipid
ANSWER:t 1 C
Byt1definition,t1ciliat1aret1shortt1projectionst1extendingt1fromt1thet1cellt1surfacet1andt1aret1usedt1fort
1locomotion,t1whereast1flagellat1aret1longert1projectionst1usedt1fort1locomotion.t1Mitochondriat1ar
e1tcellulart1organellest1responsiblet1fort1electront1transportt1andt1oxidativet1phosphorylation.
Phospholipidst1aret1polart1moleculest1thatt1formt1thet1plasmat1membrane.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
17. At1microbiologyt1technologistt1performst1at1traditionalt1bacterialt1staint1ont1at1colonyt1fromt1at1woun
d1ct ulturet1thatt1ist1suspectedt1tot1containt1bacteriat1fromt1thet1genust1Clostridium.t1Thet1unstainedt1are
as1tint1thet1bacterialt1cellt1observedt1byt1thet1technologistt1aret1called
a. cilia.
b. ribosomes.
c. endospores.
d. mitochondria.
ANSWER:t 1 C
Ribosomest1aret1smallt1circulart1areast1usedt1fort1proteint1synthesist1thatt1aret1nott1visiblet1ont1at1tra
ditionalt1stain.t1Ciliat1aret1shortt1projectionst1ont1thet1outsidet1oft1thet1plasmat1membranet1usedt1for1lt
ocomotion.t1Mitochondriat1aret1cellulart1organellest1usedt1fort1energyt1production.
OBJ:t1 Levelt12:t1Interpretation
18. Thist1constituentt1oft1at1gram-
positivet1cellt1wallt1absorbst1crystalt1violett1butt1ist1nott1dissolvedt1by1a
t lcohol,t1thust1givingt1thet1gr
am-positivet1cellt1itst1characteristict1purplet1color.
a. Mycolict1acid
b. Cholesterol
c. Carbolfuchsin
d. Peptidoglycan
ANSWER:t 1 D
Mycolict1acidt1ist1partt1oft1thet1cellt1wallt1oft1thet1Mycobacteriumt1andt1Nocardiat1spp.,t1butt1doest1nott
1playt1at1partt1int1the t1Gramt1stain.t1Cholesterolt1ist1alsot1partt1oft1thet1cellt1membrane,t1 nott1thet1cellt1w
all,1tsot1itt1doest1nott1playt1at1partt1int1thet1Gramt1stain.t1Carbolfuchsint1ist1at1staint1usedt1int1bacteriolog
y.
OBJ:t1 Levelt12:t1Interpretation
19. Mycobacteriat1havet1at1gram-
positivet1cellt1wallt1structuret1witht1at1waxyt1layert1containingt1theset1two1ct ompounds.
a. Glycolipidst1andt1mycolict1acid
b. Glycolipidst1andt1phospholipids
c. Mycolict1acidt1andt1lipopolysaccharides
d. Lipopolysaccharidest1andt1phospholipids
ANSWER:t 1 A
, Glycolipidst1aret1at1partt1oft1thet1waxyt1layer,t1butt1phospholipidst1aret1partt1oft1thet1plasmat1membr
ane.1tMycolict1acidt1ist1at1partt1oft1thet1waxyt1layer,t1butt1lipopolysaccharidest1aret1partt1oft1at1gram-
negativet1cellt1wall.t1Lipopolysaccharidest1aret1partt1oft1at1gram-
negativet1wall,t1andt1phospholipidst1aret1partt1of1tat1plasmat1membrane.
OBJ:t1t1t1 Levelt11:t1Recall
20. Whent1performingt1at1Gramt1staint1ont1at1gram-
negativet1organism,t1thet1crystalt1violett1ist1absorbed1it ntot1thist1outert1cellt1wallt1layer,t1andt1thent1w
ashedt1awayt1witht1thet1acetonet1alcohol.t1Whatt1ist1thet1maint1componentt1oft1thet1outert1layert1oft1
thet1cellt1wall?
a. Peptidoglycan
b. Mycolict1acid
c. N-acetyl-D-muramict1acid
d. Lipopolysaccharide
ANSWER:t 1 D
Peptidoglycant1ist1at1thinnert1layert1undert1thet1lipopolysaccharidet1int1at1gram-
negativet1organism,1w t hereast1mycolict1acidt1ist1thet1waxyt1layert1presentt1int1at1mycobacterium’st1
outert1cellt1wall,t1andt1N-acetyl-D-muramict1acidt1ist1partt1oft1thet1peptidoglycan.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
21. Thet1threet1regionst1oft1thet1lipopolysaccharidet1includet1allt1thet1following,t1except
a. antigenict1O-specifict1polysaccharide.
b. mycolict1acid.
c. coret1polysaccharide.
d. endotoxint1(innert1lipidt1A).
ANSWER:t 1 B
Antigenict1O-
specifict1polysaccharide,t1coret1polysaccharide,t1andt1endotoxint1aret1allt1partt1oft1the1lt ipopolysa
ccharidet1layer.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
22. Thet1outert1cellt1wallt1oft1thet1gram-
negativet1bacteriat1servest1threet1importantt1functions,t1which1it ncludest1allt1thet1following,t1exce
pt:
a. Itt1providest1ant1attachmentt1sitet1fort1thet1flagella,t1whicht1willt1actt1int1locomotion.
b. Itt1actst1ast1at1barriert1tot1hydrophobict1compoundst1andt1harmfult1substances.
c. Itt1actst1ast1at1sieve.
d. Itt1providest1attachmentt1sitest1thatt1enhancet1adhesiont1tot1hostt1cells.
ANSWER:t 1 A
Thet1outert1cellt1wallt1oft1gram-
negativet1bacteriat1actst1ast1at1barriert1tot1hydrophobict1compoundst1and1ht armfult1substances,t1actst1
ast1at1sieve,t1andt1providest1attachmentt1sitest1thatt1enhancet1adhesiont1tot1hostt1cells.t1Flagellat1attac
ht1tot1thet1cellt1membrane,t1nott1tot1thet1cellt1wall.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
23. Mycoplasmat1andt1Ureaplasmat1spp.t1mustt1havet1mediat1supplementedt1witht1serumt1ort1sugart1as1t
nutrientst1andt1because
a. theirt1cellt1wallst1containt1onlyt1peptidoglycan.
b. theyt1lackt1cellt1walls.
,.
.
, c. thet1sterolst1int1theirt1cellt1wallst1aret1solublet1int1normalt1bacterialt1media.
d. theirt1cellt1wallst1containt1detoxifyingt1enzymes.
ANSWER:t 1 B
Theset1twot1generat1havet1not1cellt1walls,t1sot1thet1othert1choicest1aret1nott1appropriate.t1Serumt1a
nd1tsugart1aret1neededt1nutrientst1andt1assistt1witht1osmotict1balancet1oft1thet1media.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
24. Whatt1ist1thet1purposet1oft1at1capsule?
a. Preventt1osmotict1rupturet1oft1thet1cellt1membrane
b. Maket1upt1thet1periplasmict1space
c. Actt1ast1at1virulencet1factort1int1helpingt1thet1pathogent1evadet1phagocytosis
d. Providet1ant1attachmentt1sitet1fort1somatict1antigens
ANSWER:t 1 C
Thet1capsulet1actst1ast1at1virulencet1factort1int1helpingt1thet1pathogent1evadet1phagocytosist1becaus
et1antibodiest1havet1difficultyt1attachingt1tot1thet1capsulet1oft1bacteriat1andt1thereforet1aret1unablet
1tot1preparet1thet1organismt1fort1ingestion.t1Thet1cellt1membranet1ist1nott1pronet1tot1osmotict1rupturet1
when1tinsidet1at1host;t1thet1periplasmict1spacet1ist1foundt1betweent1thet1peptidoglycant1andt1thet1lipo
polysaccharidet1layerst1oft1thet1cellt1wallt1int1gram-
negativet1organisms;t1andt1somatict1antigens1taret1foundt1belowt1thet1capsule.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
25. Thet1threet1basict1shapest1oft1bacteriat1includet1allt1thet1following,t1except
a. spirochetes.
b. cellt1wallt1deficient.
c. cocci.
d. bacilli.
ANSWER:t 1 B
Cellt1wallt1deficientt1ist1nott1onet1oft1thet1basict1shapest1oft1bacteria.t1Itt1referst1tot1thet1cellt1w
all1tcomposition,t1nott1thet1bacterialt1shape.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
26. Thet1Gramt1staint1ist1at1routinet1staint1usedt1int1bacteriologyt1tot1determinet1gram-
positivet1and1g
t ram-negativet1bacteriat1basedt1ont1the
a. phenotypict1characteristicst1oft1thet1organism.
b. compositiont1oft1thet1bacterialt1cellt1wall.
c. compositiont1oft1thet1bacterialt1cellt1membrane.
d. compositiont1oft1thet1bacterialt1pili.
ANSWER:t 1 B
Thet1compositiont1oft1thet1bacterialt1cellt1wallt1ist1routinelyt1usedt1int1bacteriology.t1Thet1peptidoglycan1t
cellt1wallst1oft1thet1gram-
positivet1bacteriat1retaint1thet1crystalt1violett1(purple)t1stain,t1whereast1crystalt1violett1staint1ist1washed
t1awayt1becauset1oft1thet1lipopolysaccharidet1(outert1membrane)t1presentt1int1the1 tcellt1wallst1oft1thet1gr
am-negativet1cells.t1Thet1outert1membranet1retainst1thet1Safranint1(pink)t1witht1the1tcountert1stain.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
Edition By Connie R. Mahon
Chapters 1 - 41
, Mahon: Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 7th Edition Test Bank
Table of contents
Part 1: Introduction to Clinical Microbiology
Chapter 1. Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics
Chapter 2. Host-Parasite Interaction
Chapter 3. The Laboratory Role in Infection Control
Chapter 4. Control of Microorganisms: Disinfection, Sterilization, and Microbiology Safety
Chapter 5. Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory
Chapter 6. Specimen Collection and Processing
Chapter 7. Microscopic Examination of Materials from Infected Sites
Chapter 8. Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms
Chapter 9. Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria
Chapter 10. Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases
Chapter 11. Applications of Molecular Diagnostics
Chapter 12. Antibacterial Mechanisms of Action and Bacterial Resistance Mechanisms
Chapter 13. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Part 2: Laboratory Identification of Significant Isolates
Chapter 14. Staphylococci
Chapter 15. Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci
Chapter 16. Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli
Chapter 17. Neisseria Species and Moraxella catarrhalis
Chapter 18. Haemophilus, HACEK, Legionella and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli
Chapter 19. Enterobacteriaceae
Chapter 20. Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Campylobacter Species
Chapter 21. Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli
Chapter 22. Anaerobes of Clinical Importance
Chapter 23. The Spirochetes
Chapter 24. Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Similar Organisms
Chapter 25. Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma
Chapter 26. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Chapter 27. Medically Significant Fungi
Chapter 28. Diagnostic Parasitology
Chapter 29. Clinical Virology
Chapter 30. Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology
Chapter 31. Biofilms: Architects of Disease
Part 3: Laboratory Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases: and Organ System Approach to Diagnostic Microbiology
Chapter 32. Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
Chapter 33. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Chapter 34. Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning
Chapter 35. Infections of the Central Nervous System
Chapter 36. Bacteremia and Sepsis
Chapter 37. Urinary Tract Infections
Chapter 38. Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections
Chapter 39. Infections in Special Populations
Chapter 40. Zoonotic Diseases
Chapter 41. Ocular Infections
-
,Chapter 01: Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics
Mahon: Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 7th Edition Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. To survive, microbial inhabitants have learned to adapt by varying all of the following, except
a. growth rate.
b. growth in all atmospheric conditions.
c. growth at particular temperatures.
d. bacterial shape.
ANSWER: D
The chapter begins by discussing the way microbial inhabitants have had to evolve to survive
in many different niches and habitats. It discusses slow growers, rapid growers, and
replication with scarce or abundant nutrients, under different atmospheric conditions,
temperature requirements, and cell structure. Bacterial shape as a form of evolution is not
discussed.
OBJ: Level 2: Interpretation
2. Who was considered the father of protozoology and bacteriology?
a. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
b. Louis Pasteur
c. Carl Landsteiner
d. Michael Douglas
ANSWER: A
The book discusses Anton van Leeuwenhoek as the inventor of the microscope and the first
person to see the “beasties.” So they dubbed him the father of protozoology and
bacteriology. The other three individuals were not discussed.
OBJ: Level 1: Recall
3. Prokaryotic cells have which of the following structures in their cytoplasm?
a. Golgi apparatus
b. Ribosomes
c. Mitochondria
d. Endoplasmic reticulum
ANSWER: B
All the structures listed are found in eukaryotic cells, but ribosomes are the only ones that
apply to prokaryotic cells.
OBJ: Level 1: Recall
4. This form of DNA is commonly found in eukaryotic cells.
a. Linear
b. Circular
c. Plasmid
d. Colloid
.
.
, ANSWER: A
Circular and plasmid DNA are usually found only in bacteria, not eukaryotic cells. Colloid is a
property of protein molecules and is not associated with nucleotides.
OBJ: Level 1: Recall
5. The nuclear membrane in prokaryotes is
a. missing.
b. impenetrable.
c. a classic membrane.
d. a lipid bilayer membrane.
ANSWER: A
Prokaryotic cells do not have any membrane-bound structures in the cytoplasm including a
structured nucleus.
OBJ: Level 1: Recall
6. A microorganism that is a unicellular organism and lacks a nuclear membrane and true
nucleus belongs to which classification?
a. Fungi
b. Bacteria
c. Algae
d. Parasite
ANSWER: B
Fungi, algae, and parasites are unicellular eukaryotic organisms that contain a true nucleus.
Bacteria are prokaryotic and do not contain a true nucleus or nuclear membrane.
OBJ: Level 1: Recall
7. In the laboratory, the clinical microbiologist is responsible for all the following, except
a. isolating microorganisms.
b. selecting treatment for patients.
c. identifying microorganisms.
d. analyzing bacteria that cause disease.
ANSWER: B
Clinical microbiologists do not select the treatment for patients. They provide the doctor with
the name of the organism and the antibiotics that can kill the bacteria, but not in the final
selection of treatment protocols.
OBJ: Level 2: Recall
8. What enables the microbiologist to select the correct media for primary culture and optimize
the chance of isolating a pathogenic organism?
a. Determining staining characteristics
b. Understanding the cell structure and biochemical pathways of an organism
c. Understanding the growth requirements of potential pathogens at specific body site
d. Knowing the differences in cell walls of particular bacteria
ANSWER: C
, By understanding growth requirements, a microbiologist can maximize the chance of the
organism being isolated from a culture. The other three choices are used to identify a
bacterium once it has grown on media.
OBJ: Level 2: Interpretation
9. A clinical laboratory scientist is working on the bench, reading plates, and notices that a
culture has both a unicellular form and a filamentous form. What type of organism exhibits
these forms?
a. Virus
b. Fungi
c. Bacteria
d. Parasite
ANSWER: B
Viruses typically only have one form and would not grow on plate media. Bacteria have two
forms: a vegetative cell and spore form. Parasites may have trophozoite, cysts, egg, etc. Fungi
are the organism classification that may have both unicellular yeast forms and filamentous
hyphal forms in the same culture plate.
OBJ: Level 2: Interpretation
10. All of the following statements are true about viruses, except:
a. Viruses consist of DNA or RNA but not both.
b. Viruses are acellular but are surrounded by a protein coat.
c. Viruses can infect bacteria, plants, and animals.
d. Viruses do not need host cells to survive and grow.
ANSWER: D
Viruses need to have a host cell because they do not have the ability to reproduce or nourish
themselves without the host’s cellular mechanisms.
OBJ: Level 2: Interpretation
11. Diagnostic microbiologists apply placement and naming of bacterial organisms into all the
following categories, except
a. order.
b. family.
c. genus.
d. species.
ANSWER: A
Clinical microbiologists use the family, genus, and species taxonomic categories to identify
species that are important for diagnostic diseases.
OBJ: Level 1: Recall
12. Bacterial species that exhibit phenotypic differences are considered
a. biovarieties.
b. serovarieties.
c. phagevarieties.
d. subspecies.
.
.
, ANSWER:t 1 D
Biovarietiest1varyt1basedt1ont1biochemicalt1testt1results,t1serovarietiest1varyt1basedt1ont1serologict1tes
t1tresults,t1andt1phagevarietiest1ist1at1fictitioust1word.
OBJ:t1 Levelt12:t1Interpretation
13. Whatt1structuret1ist1describedt1ast1at1phospholipidt1bilayert1embeddedt1witht1proteinst1andt1sterolst1t
hat1rt egulatest1thet1typet1andt1amountt1oft1chemicalst1thatt1passt1int1andt1outt1oft1at1cell?
a. Cellt1wall
b. Mitochondria
c. Endoplasmict1reticulum
d. Plasmat1membrane
ANSWER:t 1 D
Thet1cellt1wallt1ist1thet1outert1coveringt1madet1upt1oft1lipids.t1Thet1mitochondriat1ist1at1cellulart1organellet
1thatt1ist1consideredt1thet1powerhouset1oft1thet1cellt1(electront1transportt1andt1oxidativet1phosphorylati
on1toccurt1here).t1Thet1endoplasmict1reticulumt1ist1at1cellulart1organellet1wheret1proteint1synthesist1occurs.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
14. Whatt1makest1thet1interiort1oft1thet1plasmat1membranet1potentiallyt1impermeablet1tot1water-
soluble1mt olecules?
a. Thet1hydrophobict1tailst1oft1thet1phospholipidt1moleculest1aret1foundt1there.
b. Thet1hydrophilict1tailst1oft1thet1phospholipidt1moleculest1aret1foundt1there.
c. Thet1iont1channelst1aret1foundt1there.
d. Thet1cholesterolt1moleculest1int1thet1plasmat1membranet1aret1foundt1solelyt1int1thet1interior1t
oft1thet1membrane.
ANSWER:t 1 A
Thet1plasmat1membranet1ist1designedt1sot1thatt1thet1hydrophilict1headst1oft1thet1phospholipidt1mole
culest1aret1positionedt1tot1maket1contactt1witht1thet1intracellulart1andt1extracellulart1fluids.t1The1ht ydr
ophobict1tailst1oft1thet1phospholipidt1moleculest1facet1awayt1fromt1thet1fluidst1andt1formt1thet1interi
ort1oft1thet1plasmat1membrane.t1Thet1tailst1oft1thet1phospholipidt1moleculest1aret1hydrophobic,1tnott1
hydrophilic.t1Thet1iont1channelst1extendt1throught1thet1cellulart1membrane.t1Thet1cholesterolt1molec
ulest1alsot1extendt1throught1thet1plasmat1membrane.
OBJ:t1 Levelt12:t1Interpretation
15. Thet1functiont1oft1at1cellt1wallt1ist1to
a. regulatet1thet1transportt1oft1macromoleculest1int1andt1outt1oft1thet1cell.
b. providet1rigidityt1andt1strengtht1tot1thet1exteriort1oft1thet1cell.
c. providet1reservet1energyt1tot1thet1eukaryotict1cell.
d. protectt1thet1eukaryotet1fromt1predators.
ANSWER:t 1 B
Thet1plasmat1membranet1regulatest1thet1transportt1oft1macromoleculest1int1andt1outt1oft1thet1cell,t1no
tt1thet1cellt1wall.t1Thet1mitochondriat1providet1energyt1tot1thet1eukaryotict1cell.t1Cellt1wallst1aret1nott1a
ble1ttot1protectt1at1eukaryotict1cellt1fromt1predators.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
.
.
,16. Namet1thet1numeroust1shortt1(3t1tot110t1μm)t1projectionst1thatt1extendt1fromt1thet1cellt1surfacet1andt1a
re1ut sedt1fort1cellulart1locomotion.
a. Flagella
b. Mitochondria
c. Cilia
d. Phospholipid
ANSWER:t 1 C
Byt1definition,t1ciliat1aret1shortt1projectionst1extendingt1fromt1thet1cellt1surfacet1andt1aret1usedt1fort
1locomotion,t1whereast1flagellat1aret1longert1projectionst1usedt1fort1locomotion.t1Mitochondriat1ar
e1tcellulart1organellest1responsiblet1fort1electront1transportt1andt1oxidativet1phosphorylation.
Phospholipidst1aret1polart1moleculest1thatt1formt1thet1plasmat1membrane.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
17. At1microbiologyt1technologistt1performst1at1traditionalt1bacterialt1staint1ont1at1colonyt1fromt1at1woun
d1ct ulturet1thatt1ist1suspectedt1tot1containt1bacteriat1fromt1thet1genust1Clostridium.t1Thet1unstainedt1are
as1tint1thet1bacterialt1cellt1observedt1byt1thet1technologistt1aret1called
a. cilia.
b. ribosomes.
c. endospores.
d. mitochondria.
ANSWER:t 1 C
Ribosomest1aret1smallt1circulart1areast1usedt1fort1proteint1synthesist1thatt1aret1nott1visiblet1ont1at1tra
ditionalt1stain.t1Ciliat1aret1shortt1projectionst1ont1thet1outsidet1oft1thet1plasmat1membranet1usedt1for1lt
ocomotion.t1Mitochondriat1aret1cellulart1organellest1usedt1fort1energyt1production.
OBJ:t1 Levelt12:t1Interpretation
18. Thist1constituentt1oft1at1gram-
positivet1cellt1wallt1absorbst1crystalt1violett1butt1ist1nott1dissolvedt1by1a
t lcohol,t1thust1givingt1thet1gr
am-positivet1cellt1itst1characteristict1purplet1color.
a. Mycolict1acid
b. Cholesterol
c. Carbolfuchsin
d. Peptidoglycan
ANSWER:t 1 D
Mycolict1acidt1ist1partt1oft1thet1cellt1wallt1oft1thet1Mycobacteriumt1andt1Nocardiat1spp.,t1butt1doest1nott
1playt1at1partt1int1the t1Gramt1stain.t1Cholesterolt1ist1alsot1partt1oft1thet1cellt1membrane,t1 nott1thet1cellt1w
all,1tsot1itt1doest1nott1playt1at1partt1int1thet1Gramt1stain.t1Carbolfuchsint1ist1at1staint1usedt1int1bacteriolog
y.
OBJ:t1 Levelt12:t1Interpretation
19. Mycobacteriat1havet1at1gram-
positivet1cellt1wallt1structuret1witht1at1waxyt1layert1containingt1theset1two1ct ompounds.
a. Glycolipidst1andt1mycolict1acid
b. Glycolipidst1andt1phospholipids
c. Mycolict1acidt1andt1lipopolysaccharides
d. Lipopolysaccharidest1andt1phospholipids
ANSWER:t 1 A
, Glycolipidst1aret1at1partt1oft1thet1waxyt1layer,t1butt1phospholipidst1aret1partt1oft1thet1plasmat1membr
ane.1tMycolict1acidt1ist1at1partt1oft1thet1waxyt1layer,t1butt1lipopolysaccharidest1aret1partt1oft1at1gram-
negativet1cellt1wall.t1Lipopolysaccharidest1aret1partt1oft1at1gram-
negativet1wall,t1andt1phospholipidst1aret1partt1of1tat1plasmat1membrane.
OBJ:t1t1t1 Levelt11:t1Recall
20. Whent1performingt1at1Gramt1staint1ont1at1gram-
negativet1organism,t1thet1crystalt1violett1ist1absorbed1it ntot1thist1outert1cellt1wallt1layer,t1andt1thent1w
ashedt1awayt1witht1thet1acetonet1alcohol.t1Whatt1ist1thet1maint1componentt1oft1thet1outert1layert1oft1
thet1cellt1wall?
a. Peptidoglycan
b. Mycolict1acid
c. N-acetyl-D-muramict1acid
d. Lipopolysaccharide
ANSWER:t 1 D
Peptidoglycant1ist1at1thinnert1layert1undert1thet1lipopolysaccharidet1int1at1gram-
negativet1organism,1w t hereast1mycolict1acidt1ist1thet1waxyt1layert1presentt1int1at1mycobacterium’st1
outert1cellt1wall,t1andt1N-acetyl-D-muramict1acidt1ist1partt1oft1thet1peptidoglycan.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
21. Thet1threet1regionst1oft1thet1lipopolysaccharidet1includet1allt1thet1following,t1except
a. antigenict1O-specifict1polysaccharide.
b. mycolict1acid.
c. coret1polysaccharide.
d. endotoxint1(innert1lipidt1A).
ANSWER:t 1 B
Antigenict1O-
specifict1polysaccharide,t1coret1polysaccharide,t1andt1endotoxint1aret1allt1partt1oft1the1lt ipopolysa
ccharidet1layer.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
22. Thet1outert1cellt1wallt1oft1thet1gram-
negativet1bacteriat1servest1threet1importantt1functions,t1which1it ncludest1allt1thet1following,t1exce
pt:
a. Itt1providest1ant1attachmentt1sitet1fort1thet1flagella,t1whicht1willt1actt1int1locomotion.
b. Itt1actst1ast1at1barriert1tot1hydrophobict1compoundst1andt1harmfult1substances.
c. Itt1actst1ast1at1sieve.
d. Itt1providest1attachmentt1sitest1thatt1enhancet1adhesiont1tot1hostt1cells.
ANSWER:t 1 A
Thet1outert1cellt1wallt1oft1gram-
negativet1bacteriat1actst1ast1at1barriert1tot1hydrophobict1compoundst1and1ht armfult1substances,t1actst1
ast1at1sieve,t1andt1providest1attachmentt1sitest1thatt1enhancet1adhesiont1tot1hostt1cells.t1Flagellat1attac
ht1tot1thet1cellt1membrane,t1nott1tot1thet1cellt1wall.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
23. Mycoplasmat1andt1Ureaplasmat1spp.t1mustt1havet1mediat1supplementedt1witht1serumt1ort1sugart1as1t
nutrientst1andt1because
a. theirt1cellt1wallst1containt1onlyt1peptidoglycan.
b. theyt1lackt1cellt1walls.
,.
.
, c. thet1sterolst1int1theirt1cellt1wallst1aret1solublet1int1normalt1bacterialt1media.
d. theirt1cellt1wallst1containt1detoxifyingt1enzymes.
ANSWER:t 1 B
Theset1twot1generat1havet1not1cellt1walls,t1sot1thet1othert1choicest1aret1nott1appropriate.t1Serumt1a
nd1tsugart1aret1neededt1nutrientst1andt1assistt1witht1osmotict1balancet1oft1thet1media.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
24. Whatt1ist1thet1purposet1oft1at1capsule?
a. Preventt1osmotict1rupturet1oft1thet1cellt1membrane
b. Maket1upt1thet1periplasmict1space
c. Actt1ast1at1virulencet1factort1int1helpingt1thet1pathogent1evadet1phagocytosis
d. Providet1ant1attachmentt1sitet1fort1somatict1antigens
ANSWER:t 1 C
Thet1capsulet1actst1ast1at1virulencet1factort1int1helpingt1thet1pathogent1evadet1phagocytosist1becaus
et1antibodiest1havet1difficultyt1attachingt1tot1thet1capsulet1oft1bacteriat1andt1thereforet1aret1unablet
1tot1preparet1thet1organismt1fort1ingestion.t1Thet1cellt1membranet1ist1nott1pronet1tot1osmotict1rupturet1
when1tinsidet1at1host;t1thet1periplasmict1spacet1ist1foundt1betweent1thet1peptidoglycant1andt1thet1lipo
polysaccharidet1layerst1oft1thet1cellt1wallt1int1gram-
negativet1organisms;t1andt1somatict1antigens1taret1foundt1belowt1thet1capsule.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
25. Thet1threet1basict1shapest1oft1bacteriat1includet1allt1thet1following,t1except
a. spirochetes.
b. cellt1wallt1deficient.
c. cocci.
d. bacilli.
ANSWER:t 1 B
Cellt1wallt1deficientt1ist1nott1onet1oft1thet1basict1shapest1oft1bacteria.t1Itt1referst1tot1thet1cellt1w
all1tcomposition,t1nott1thet1bacterialt1shape.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
26. Thet1Gramt1staint1ist1at1routinet1staint1usedt1int1bacteriologyt1tot1determinet1gram-
positivet1and1g
t ram-negativet1bacteriat1basedt1ont1the
a. phenotypict1characteristicst1oft1thet1organism.
b. compositiont1oft1thet1bacterialt1cellt1wall.
c. compositiont1oft1thet1bacterialt1cellt1membrane.
d. compositiont1oft1thet1bacterialt1pili.
ANSWER:t 1 B
Thet1compositiont1oft1thet1bacterialt1cellt1wallt1ist1routinelyt1usedt1int1bacteriology.t1Thet1peptidoglycan1t
cellt1wallst1oft1thet1gram-
positivet1bacteriat1retaint1thet1crystalt1violett1(purple)t1stain,t1whereast1crystalt1violett1staint1ist1washed
t1awayt1becauset1oft1thet1lipopolysaccharidet1(outert1membrane)t1presentt1int1the1 tcellt1wallst1oft1thet1gr
am-negativet1cells.t1Thet1outert1membranet1retainst1thet1Safranint1(pink)t1witht1the1tcountert1stain.
OBJ:t 1 Levelt11:t1Recall
