Test Bank For Nursing Research In Canada,
5th Edition by Mina Singh
Chapters 1-21
,TEST BANK FOR NURSING RESEARCH IN CANADA, 5TH EDITION
by Mina Singh, RN, RP, BSc, BScN MEd, PhD, I-FCNEI, Cherylyn Cameron, RN, PhD, Geri
LoBiondo-Wood, PhD, RN, FAAN and Judith Haber, PhD, RN, FAAN
TABLE OF CONTENT
Part I: Research Overview Research Vignette: A Program of Research in Transcultural Nursing
1. The Role of Research in Nursing
2. Theoretical Framework
3. Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process
4. Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
5. Finding and Appraising the Literature
6. Legal and Ethical Issues
Part II: Qualitative Research Research Vignette: Creating Qualitatively Derived Knowledge for a Practice Discipline
7. Introduction to Qualitative Research
8. Qualitative Approaches to Research
Part III: Quantitative Research Research Vignette: Tackling the Prevention of Falls Among Older Adults
9. Introduction to Quantitative Research
10. Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs
11. Non-experimental Designs
Part IV: Processes Related to Research Research Vignette: Partnering with parents to reduce newborn pain - evidence and implementation
12. Sampling
13. Data Collection Methods
14. Rigour in Research
15. Qualitative Data Analysis
16. Quantitative Data Analysis
17. Presenting the Findings
Part V: Critiquing Research Research Vignette: A Program of Research
18. Critiquing Qualitative Research
19. Critiquing Quantitative Research
Part VI: Application of Research: Evidence-Informed Practice Research Vignette: From my Ph.D. to her Post-Doctoral studies: Building a
Survivorship Cancer Care Program
20. Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice Research Vignette: Social Support Needs of Older Adults
,Chapter 01: The Role of Research in Nursing
LoBiondo-Wood: Nursing Research in Canada, 5th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A key step to the development of nursing research was
a. the endowment of nursing research chairs.
b. universities offering baccalaureate nursing programs.
c. a baccalaureate degree becoming the entry to practice.
d. the Canadian Nurses Association developing a research mandate.
ANSWER: B
Feedback
A Endowment of nursing research chairs did not occur until the number of nurses
with PhD degrees increased.
B Universities offering baccalaureate nursing programs provided an introduction to
research within the BScN programs and led to further nursing education at the
MSN and PhD levels.
C Baccalaureate degrees becoming the entry to practice did not occur until the
twenty-first century.
D The Canadian Nurses Association did not develop a research mandate until the
end of the twentieth century.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and
Maintenance
2. How is nursing research significant to the profession of nursing?
a. Responsibility is more specifically defined.
b. Liability within the practice of nursing is decreased.
c. A specialized body of knowledge is generated for use in the delivery of health care.
d. The scope of nursing practice is expanded into areas formerly reserved for
other disciplines.
ANSWER: C
Feedback
A Research aids in documenting accountability of nurses, but professional
guidelines regarding responsibility already exist.
B Liability is a legal concept. Research does not promote liability.
C Theory-based nursing research provides a foundation for evidence-informed
nursing care.
D Nursing research expands the discipline of nursing as it pertains to nursing
practice.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and
Maintenance
,3. Why are nursing practice–oriented scientific investigations valuable?
a. They validate the effectiveness of particular nursing interventions.
b. They encourage consumers to question the quality of health care.
c. They limit the theory base for clinical decision making.
d. They mandate health care reform.
ANSWER: A
Feedback
A Practice-focused research supports the effectiveness of nursing interventions and
reinforces quality of nursing care.
B On the contrary, they help reassure consumers about the quality of health care.
C They support the development of the theory base for clinical decision making.
D They reinforce the effectiveness of current nursing practice.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and
Maintenance
4. When a change in nursing practice results in decreased cost of care, what additional
factor must be considered before general implementation of this change?
a. Ensuring compliance of the change by nurses with diverse educational
backgrounds
b. Maintaining or improving the quality of care resulting from the change in practice
c. Encouraging patients to be active partners in their health care decisions
d. Disseminating the change beyond the discipline of nursing
ANSWER: B
Feedback
A Not all nurses are responsible for supervising compliance with new measures.
B Nurses are accountable to maintain quality patient care despite cost-cutting
measures.
C Nurses should encourage patient participation in care despite cost-cutting
measures.
D Nurses are not responsible for reforming other disciplines.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and
Maintenance
5. Why do nurses who do not conduct research need to understand the nursing research process?
a. To identify potential participants for clinical research studies
b. To assist in collecting accurate data for clinical research studies
c. To teach patients and families about the usefulness of participation in research
d. To be able to evaluate nursing research reports for relevance to their own clinical
practice
ANSWER: D
, Feedback
A Nurses who do not conduct research would not influence participant
identification.
B Nurses who do not conduct research would not influence data collection.
C Nurses who do not conduct research would not influence participant recruitment.
D Nurses should be able to understand the research process by reading research
reports and determining if they should modify their practice based on research
evidence.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and
Maintenance
6. How are nursing theory and nursing research related?
a. Nursing theory and nursing research are independent of each other and have
no direct relationship.
b. Without nursing theory, research conducted by nurses would not have an impact on
nursing practice.
c. Nursing research drives the direction and specific content of nursing theory.
d. Both advance the knowledge base of nursing.
ANSWER: D
Feedback
A Theory and research are related to each other.
B Research studies may be conducted without a clear theoretical framework and
still influence practice.
C Quantitative nursing research tests nursing theory but does not influence content.
D Theory and nursing research both influence how nursing practice is conducted.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and
Maintenance
7. Which action demonstrates the role of an intelligent consumer of nursing research?
a. Designing a research study
b. Analyzing data to determine outcomes
c. Evaluating the credibility of the research findings
d. Replicate the study in another setting to confirm the findings
ANSWER: C
Feedback
A A consumer applies research to practice. Consumers are not responsible for
designing a study.
B A consumer does not conduct data analysis of a study. The study’s primary
investigator analyzes data.
C A consumer of nursing research needs to understand the research process to
determine the merit and relevance of evidence for research studies.
D A consumer can apply research findings to practice but does not have to replicate
, thet1studyt1itself.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Evaluation
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
8. Int1designatingt1researcht1functionst1tot1nursingt1staff,t1whicht1oft1thet1followingt1functionst1wouldt1you1d
t
esignatet1tot1at1stafft1registeredt1nurse?
a. Protectingt1humant1participantst1byt1promotingt1thet1ethicalt1principlest1oft1research
b. Providingt1expertt1consultationt1aboutt1thet1wayt1int1whicht1clinicalt1servicest1are1t
delivered
c. Developingt1methodst1tot1monitort1thet1qualityt1oft1nursingt1practicet1int1thet1clinical1ts
etting
d. Providingt1leadershipt1byt1assistingt1otherst1int1applyingt1scientifict1knowledget1in1t
nursingt1practice
ANSWER:t 1 A
Feedback
A Allt1nursest1aret1responsiblet1fort1protectingt1humant1participantst1int1research.
B Nursest1aret1att1thet1bedsidet1implementingt1protocols.t1Expertt1consultationt1is1t
reservedt1fort1MSN-t1ort1PhD-levelt1nurses.
C Developingt1methodst1ist1reservedt1fort1nursest1witht1advancedt1education.
D Providingt1leadershipt1ist1reservedt1fort1nursest1witht1advancedt1education.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Comprehension
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
9. Whicht1oft1thet1followingt1statementst1regardingt1thet1rolet1oft1thet1nurset1int1researcht1ist1true?
a. Nursest1mustt1bet1preparedt1att1thet1baccalaureatet1levelt1ort1highert1tot1havet1anyt1ro
let1in1nt ursingt1research.
b. Master’s-
preparedt1nursest1(thoset1witht1MSN,t1MN,t1ort1MSt1degrees)t1aret1primarily1tresponsi
blet1fort1usingt1thet1findingst1oft1nursingt1researcht1int1clinicalt1practice.
c. Onet1rolet1oft1thet1registeredt1nurset1ist1tot1identifyt1issuest1int1clinicalt1practicet1thatt1ar
e1tsuitablet1fort1research.
d. Regardlesst1oft1nursingt1education,t1thet1onlyt1nurset1whot1shouldt1interprett1researcht1
findingst1ist1thet1onet1whot1hast1thet1mostt1comprehensivet1understandingt1oft1statistical1t
analysist1methods.
ANSWER:t 1 C
Feedback
A Havingt1at1rolet1int1nursingt1researcht1ort1implementingt1findingst1ist1nott1limitedt1to1t
BScNt1andt1MSNt1nursest1only.
B Master’s-
preparedt1nursest1cant1providet1leadershipt1tot1superviset1howt1researcht1findingst1a
ret1appliedt1int1thet1clinicalt1area.t1Allt1levelst1oft1nursest1cant1applyt1research
findingst1tot1practice.
C Nursest1shouldt1havet1ant1awarenesst1oft1thet1relevancet1oft1nursingt1researcht1andt1a
sk1tclinicalt1questions.
, D Datat1analysist1ist1usuallyt1conductedt1byt1ant1MSN-t1ort1PhD-levelt1nurse.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Comprehension
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
10. Whicht1oft1Florencet1Nightingale’st1actionst1formedt1thet1foundationt1fort1modern-
dayt1nursing1rt esearcht1methods?
a. Establishingt1thet1St.t1Thomast1Hospitalt1Schoolt1oft1Nursingt1int1England
b. Writingt1thet1curriculat1fort1thet1nineteenth–centuryt1nurset1trainingt1programs
c. Lobbyingt1thet1Britisht1parliamentt1tot1enactt1changest1int1lawt1fort1bettert1healtht1care
d. Collectingt1datat1systematicallyt1ont1thet1healtht1statust1oft1Britisht1soldierst1duringt1the1t
Crimeant1War
ANSWER:t 1 D
Feedback
A Establishingt1at1schoolt1oft1nursingt1ist1nott1at1formt1oft1scientifict1investigation.
B Developingt1curriculat1ist1nott1at1formt1oft1scientifict1investigation.
C Lobbyingt1at1parliamentt1ist1moret1aboutt1advocacyt1andt1healtht1caret1reform.
D Systematic,t1objectivet1datat1collectiont1duringt1thet1Crimeant1Wart1formedt1thet1basi
s1tfort1modern-dayt1nursingt1researcht1methods.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Knowledge
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
11. Whatt1wast1thet1focust1oft1mostt1nursingt1researcht1studiest1conductedt1duringt1thet1firstt1halft1oft1th
e1tt wentietht1century?
a. Nursingt1educationt1methodst1andt1outcomes
b. Effectst1oft1sanitationt1ont1healtht1promotiont1andt1diseaset1prevention
c. Uset1oft1epidemiologyt1ast1at1methodt1oft1identifyingt1riskt1fort1specifict1illnesses
d. Identificationt1oft1thet1mostt1effectivet1meanst1tot1disseminatet1positivet1findingst1from1t
nursingt1research
ANSWER:t 1 A
Feedback
A Nursingt1educationt1hast1beent1documentedt1tot1havet1beent1thet1focust1oft1nursin
g1tresearcht1int1thet1earlyt1twentietht1century.
B Diseaset1preventiont1wast1at1focust1int1thet11960s.
C Florencet1Nightingalet1usedt1epidemiologyt1int1hert1earlyt1research.
D Disseminationt1oft1nursingt1researcht1findingst1grewt1int1thet11980s.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Knowledge
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
12. Whatt1wast1thet1outcomet1oft1thet11932t1Weirt1report?
a. Recognitiont1oft1researcht1ast1partt1oft1thet1rolest1andt1responsibilitiest1oft1thet1registered
, nurse
b. Recommendationt1oft1changest1tot1improvet1standardst1oft1educationt1andt1practice
c. Establishmentt1oft1multiplet1entryt1levelst1tot1thet1nursingt1profession
d. Publicationt1oft1thet1Canadiant1Journalt1oft1Nursing
ANSWER:t 1 B
Feedback
A Thet1focust1wast1ont1advancingt1thet1deliveryt1oft1nursingt1educationt1tot1improve1t
practice.
B Thet1Weirt1reportt1identifiedt1serioust1problemst1int1nursingt1educationt1thatt1affecte
d1tnursingt1practice.
C Thet1standardizationt1oft1BScN,t1MSN,t1andt1PhDt1programst1wast1suggested,t1butt1i
t1ttookt150t1yearst1fort1itst1fullt1adoption.
D Not1publicationt1calledt1thet1Canadiant1Journalt1oft1Nursingt1exists.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Knowledge
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
13. Whatt1actiont1ort1strategyt1cant1limitt1thet1deptht1oft1nursingt1research?
a. Addressingt1physiologicalt1andt1psychologicalt1responsest1tot1actualt1ort1potentialt1healt
h1p
t roblems
b. Employingt1botht1qualitativet1methodst1andt1quantitativet1methodst1int1thet1samet1study
c. Developingt1programst1oft1researcht1thatt1buildt1ont1priort1investigations
d. Usingt1singulart1measurest1tot1assesst1phenomena
ANSWER:t 1 D
Feedback
A Addressingt1thet1physicalt1andt1psychologicalt1aspectst1oft1at1phenomenont1provide
s1tdeptht1tot1researcht1outcomes.
B Multiple-
methodt1studiest1cant1providet1greatert1deptht1oft1understandingt1oft1a1tpheno
menon.
C Buildingt1ont1priort1researcht1allowst1fort1deepert1explorationt1oft1humant1phenomena.
D Usingt1at1singlet1measuret1willt1nott1allowt1at1researchert1tot1examinet1thet1complexityt1o
f1thumant1phenomena.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Analysis
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
14. Whicht1oft1thet1followingt1ist1thet1overallt1valuet1oft1developingt1evidence-informedt1nursingt1practice?
a. Demonstrationt1oft1howt1nursingt1makest1at1differencet1int1patientt1outcomes
b. Implementationt1oft1thet1mostt1cost-effectivet1nursingt1practicet1patterns
c. Separationt1oft1nursingt1researcht1fromt1thet1researcht1oft1othert1disciplines
d. Developmentt1oft1newt1nursingt1theories
ANSWER:t 1 B
Feedback
, A Evidence-informedt1practicet1providest1at1researcht1foundationt1fort1nursing
interventions.
B Implementationt1oft1moret1cost-effectivet1nursingt1interventionst1mayt1occurt1basedt1on
evidence,t1butt1itt1ist1nott1thet1overallt1valuet1oft1developingt1evidence-
informedt1nursing1tpractice.
C Developingt1at1uniquet1bodyt1oft1nursingt1knowledget1ist1importantt1butt1ist1nott1the
overallt1valuet1oft1developingt1evidence-informedt1nursingt1practice.
D Developingt1nursingt1theoryt1ist1important,t1butt1evidence-
informedt1nursingt1practice1tist1focusedt1ont1thet1moret1concretet1aspectst1oft1clinicalt1pra
ctice.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Comprehension
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
15. Howt1doest1ant1internationalt1researcht1perspectivet1contributet1tot1thet1disciplinet1andt1sciencet1
of1nt ursing?
a. Byt1unifyingt1thet1definitiont1oft1thet1termt1health
b. Byt1increasingt1thet1disseminationt1potentialt1oft1researcht1findings
c. Byt1emphasizingt1thet1culturalt1aspectst1oft1nursingt1care
d. Byt1testingt1innovativet1andt1cost-effectivet1patientt1caret1deliveryt1models
ANSWER:t 1 D
Feedback
A Nursingt1modelst1cant1bet1testedt1int1at1varietyt1oft1settings,t1whicht1strengthenst1th
e1tcredibilityt1oft1thet1evidence.t1Healtht1ist1at1subjectivet1term.
B Disseminationt1oft1findingst1ist1onet1oft1thet1benefitst1oft1ant1internationalt1perspective,
butt1thet1primaryt1focust1ist1testingt1oft1models.
C Emphasist1ont1culturalt1considerationst1ist1onet1oft1thet1benefitst1oft1ant1international1t
perspective,t1butt1thet1primaryt1focust1ist1testingt1oft1models.
D Ant1internationalt1researcht1perspectivet1cant1leadt1tot1thet1formationt1oft1at1glo
bal1tresearcht1community.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Comprehension
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
16. Whicht1oft1thet1followingt1ist1thet1identifiedt1priorityt1fort1futuret1nursingt1researcht1efforts?
a. Improvementt1int1patientt1qualityt1oft1life
b. Costt1containmentt1oft1healtht1caret1delivery
c. Promotiont1oft1excellencet1int1nursingt1science
d. Promotiont1oft1advancedt1educationt1int1nursing
ANSWER:t 1 C
Feedback
A Patientt1qualityt1oft1lifet1ist1at1desiredt1outcomet1butt1nott1thet1identifiedt1priorityt1for1ft u
turet1nursingt1research.
B Costt1containmentt1ist1nott1thet1identifiedt1priorityt1fort1futuret1nursingt1research.
C Nursingt1ist1risingt1tot1thet1challenget1oft1developingt1thet1sciencet1tot1improvet1health
, care.t1Advancingt1nursingt1sciencet1ist1thereforet1at1priority.
D Promotiont1oft1advancedt1educationt1int1nursingt1ist1nott1thet1identifiedt1priorityt1fo
r1tfuturet1nursingt1research.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Knowledge
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
17. Reviewt1thet1informationt1fromt1fourt1abstractst1belowt1andt1identifyt1whicht1studyt1ist1ant1examplet1o
f1ot utcome-basedt1research.
a. Thist1studyt1usedt1at1school-
basedt1communityt1samplet1(Nt1=t1920)t1tot1examinet1trajectoriest1oft1depressivet1
symptoms,t1self-
esteem,t1andt1expressedt1angert1int1the1tcriticalt1yearst1oft1emergingt1adulthoodt1(a
gest118t1tot125).
b. Tot1identifyt1reasonst1fort1lowert1organt1donationt1ratest1byt1knowledget1andt1attitudest1
aboutt1braint1death,t1donation,t1andt1transplantationt1andt1trustt1int1thet1healtht1caret1syst
em1tweret1examined.
c. Ant1exploratoryt1studyt1wast1undertakent1witht1at1raciallyt1diverset1groupt1oft1custodial
t1grandfatherst1tot1fillt1at1gapt1int1thet1literaturet1aboutt1thet1vulnerabilityt1fort1eldert1ab
use,t1exploitation,t1andt1neglectt1ast1expressedt1byt1oldert1Indigenous,t1Caucasian,t1and
t1South1tAsiant1custodialt1grandfathers.
d. At1multicentre,t1internationalt1clinicalt1trialt1wast1conductedt1int13,500t1patientst1witht1d
ocumentedt1coronaryt1heartt1diseaset1tot1determinet1whethert1at1brieft1educationt1and
t1counsellingt1interventiont1deliveredt1byt1at1nurse t1cant1reducet1prehospitalt1delayt1int1t
he1tfacet1oft1symptoms.
ANSWER:t 1 D
Feedback
A Explorationt1oft1angert1int1adulthoodt1ist1nott1ant1outcomest1researcht1study.
B Surveyingt1familiest1aboutt1consentt1fort1organt1donationt1ist1nott1ant1outcomest1research
study.
C Explorationt1oft1eldert1abuset1ist1nott1ant1outcomest1researcht1study.
D Outcomest1researcht1examinest1howt1nursingt1interventionst1affectt1patientt1outcomes.
Thist1studyt1examinest1thet1effectivenesst1oft1nursingt1interventions.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Evaluation
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
18. Whyt1shouldt1at1nursingt1researcht1studyt1thatt1demonstratest1at1positivet1outcomet1fort1at1specifi
c1it nterventiont1bet1replicatedt1beforet1thet1interventiont1cant1bet1acceptedt1fort1implementation
?
a. Findingst1thatt1aret1reproduciblet1int1at1seriest1oft1replicatedt1studiest1increaset1t
he1tgeneralizabilityt1oft1thet1results.
b. Beingt1ablet1tot1replicatet1existingt1studiest1increasest1thet1opportunityt1fort1nursest1tot1b
e1tinvolvedt1int1nursingt1research.
c. Replicatedt1studiest1providet1moret1datat1fort1statisticalt1analysist1andt1measurementt1
of1treliability.
d. Ift1at1hight1levelt1oft1significancet1ist1associatedt1witht1thet1studyt1results,t1replicationt1is1t
unnecessary.
5th Edition by Mina Singh
Chapters 1-21
,TEST BANK FOR NURSING RESEARCH IN CANADA, 5TH EDITION
by Mina Singh, RN, RP, BSc, BScN MEd, PhD, I-FCNEI, Cherylyn Cameron, RN, PhD, Geri
LoBiondo-Wood, PhD, RN, FAAN and Judith Haber, PhD, RN, FAAN
TABLE OF CONTENT
Part I: Research Overview Research Vignette: A Program of Research in Transcultural Nursing
1. The Role of Research in Nursing
2. Theoretical Framework
3. Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process
4. Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
5. Finding and Appraising the Literature
6. Legal and Ethical Issues
Part II: Qualitative Research Research Vignette: Creating Qualitatively Derived Knowledge for a Practice Discipline
7. Introduction to Qualitative Research
8. Qualitative Approaches to Research
Part III: Quantitative Research Research Vignette: Tackling the Prevention of Falls Among Older Adults
9. Introduction to Quantitative Research
10. Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs
11. Non-experimental Designs
Part IV: Processes Related to Research Research Vignette: Partnering with parents to reduce newborn pain - evidence and implementation
12. Sampling
13. Data Collection Methods
14. Rigour in Research
15. Qualitative Data Analysis
16. Quantitative Data Analysis
17. Presenting the Findings
Part V: Critiquing Research Research Vignette: A Program of Research
18. Critiquing Qualitative Research
19. Critiquing Quantitative Research
Part VI: Application of Research: Evidence-Informed Practice Research Vignette: From my Ph.D. to her Post-Doctoral studies: Building a
Survivorship Cancer Care Program
20. Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice Research Vignette: Social Support Needs of Older Adults
,Chapter 01: The Role of Research in Nursing
LoBiondo-Wood: Nursing Research in Canada, 5th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A key step to the development of nursing research was
a. the endowment of nursing research chairs.
b. universities offering baccalaureate nursing programs.
c. a baccalaureate degree becoming the entry to practice.
d. the Canadian Nurses Association developing a research mandate.
ANSWER: B
Feedback
A Endowment of nursing research chairs did not occur until the number of nurses
with PhD degrees increased.
B Universities offering baccalaureate nursing programs provided an introduction to
research within the BScN programs and led to further nursing education at the
MSN and PhD levels.
C Baccalaureate degrees becoming the entry to practice did not occur until the
twenty-first century.
D The Canadian Nurses Association did not develop a research mandate until the
end of the twentieth century.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Application
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and
Maintenance
2. How is nursing research significant to the profession of nursing?
a. Responsibility is more specifically defined.
b. Liability within the practice of nursing is decreased.
c. A specialized body of knowledge is generated for use in the delivery of health care.
d. The scope of nursing practice is expanded into areas formerly reserved for
other disciplines.
ANSWER: C
Feedback
A Research aids in documenting accountability of nurses, but professional
guidelines regarding responsibility already exist.
B Liability is a legal concept. Research does not promote liability.
C Theory-based nursing research provides a foundation for evidence-informed
nursing care.
D Nursing research expands the discipline of nursing as it pertains to nursing
practice.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and
Maintenance
,3. Why are nursing practice–oriented scientific investigations valuable?
a. They validate the effectiveness of particular nursing interventions.
b. They encourage consumers to question the quality of health care.
c. They limit the theory base for clinical decision making.
d. They mandate health care reform.
ANSWER: A
Feedback
A Practice-focused research supports the effectiveness of nursing interventions and
reinforces quality of nursing care.
B On the contrary, they help reassure consumers about the quality of health care.
C They support the development of the theory base for clinical decision making.
D They reinforce the effectiveness of current nursing practice.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and
Maintenance
4. When a change in nursing practice results in decreased cost of care, what additional
factor must be considered before general implementation of this change?
a. Ensuring compliance of the change by nurses with diverse educational
backgrounds
b. Maintaining or improving the quality of care resulting from the change in practice
c. Encouraging patients to be active partners in their health care decisions
d. Disseminating the change beyond the discipline of nursing
ANSWER: B
Feedback
A Not all nurses are responsible for supervising compliance with new measures.
B Nurses are accountable to maintain quality patient care despite cost-cutting
measures.
C Nurses should encourage patient participation in care despite cost-cutting
measures.
D Nurses are not responsible for reforming other disciplines.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and
Maintenance
5. Why do nurses who do not conduct research need to understand the nursing research process?
a. To identify potential participants for clinical research studies
b. To assist in collecting accurate data for clinical research studies
c. To teach patients and families about the usefulness of participation in research
d. To be able to evaluate nursing research reports for relevance to their own clinical
practice
ANSWER: D
, Feedback
A Nurses who do not conduct research would not influence participant
identification.
B Nurses who do not conduct research would not influence data collection.
C Nurses who do not conduct research would not influence participant recruitment.
D Nurses should be able to understand the research process by reading research
reports and determining if they should modify their practice based on research
evidence.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and
Maintenance
6. How are nursing theory and nursing research related?
a. Nursing theory and nursing research are independent of each other and have
no direct relationship.
b. Without nursing theory, research conducted by nurses would not have an impact on
nursing practice.
c. Nursing research drives the direction and specific content of nursing theory.
d. Both advance the knowledge base of nursing.
ANSWER: D
Feedback
A Theory and research are related to each other.
B Research studies may be conducted without a clear theoretical framework and
still influence practice.
C Quantitative nursing research tests nursing theory but does not influence content.
D Theory and nursing research both influence how nursing practice is conducted.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension
MSC: NCLEX Client Care Needs Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment; Health Promotion and
Maintenance
7. Which action demonstrates the role of an intelligent consumer of nursing research?
a. Designing a research study
b. Analyzing data to determine outcomes
c. Evaluating the credibility of the research findings
d. Replicate the study in another setting to confirm the findings
ANSWER: C
Feedback
A A consumer applies research to practice. Consumers are not responsible for
designing a study.
B A consumer does not conduct data analysis of a study. The study’s primary
investigator analyzes data.
C A consumer of nursing research needs to understand the research process to
determine the merit and relevance of evidence for research studies.
D A consumer can apply research findings to practice but does not have to replicate
, thet1studyt1itself.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Evaluation
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
8. Int1designatingt1researcht1functionst1tot1nursingt1staff,t1whicht1oft1thet1followingt1functionst1wouldt1you1d
t
esignatet1tot1at1stafft1registeredt1nurse?
a. Protectingt1humant1participantst1byt1promotingt1thet1ethicalt1principlest1oft1research
b. Providingt1expertt1consultationt1aboutt1thet1wayt1int1whicht1clinicalt1servicest1are1t
delivered
c. Developingt1methodst1tot1monitort1thet1qualityt1oft1nursingt1practicet1int1thet1clinical1ts
etting
d. Providingt1leadershipt1byt1assistingt1otherst1int1applyingt1scientifict1knowledget1in1t
nursingt1practice
ANSWER:t 1 A
Feedback
A Allt1nursest1aret1responsiblet1fort1protectingt1humant1participantst1int1research.
B Nursest1aret1att1thet1bedsidet1implementingt1protocols.t1Expertt1consultationt1is1t
reservedt1fort1MSN-t1ort1PhD-levelt1nurses.
C Developingt1methodst1ist1reservedt1fort1nursest1witht1advancedt1education.
D Providingt1leadershipt1ist1reservedt1fort1nursest1witht1advancedt1education.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Comprehension
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
9. Whicht1oft1thet1followingt1statementst1regardingt1thet1rolet1oft1thet1nurset1int1researcht1ist1true?
a. Nursest1mustt1bet1preparedt1att1thet1baccalaureatet1levelt1ort1highert1tot1havet1anyt1ro
let1in1nt ursingt1research.
b. Master’s-
preparedt1nursest1(thoset1witht1MSN,t1MN,t1ort1MSt1degrees)t1aret1primarily1tresponsi
blet1fort1usingt1thet1findingst1oft1nursingt1researcht1int1clinicalt1practice.
c. Onet1rolet1oft1thet1registeredt1nurset1ist1tot1identifyt1issuest1int1clinicalt1practicet1thatt1ar
e1tsuitablet1fort1research.
d. Regardlesst1oft1nursingt1education,t1thet1onlyt1nurset1whot1shouldt1interprett1researcht1
findingst1ist1thet1onet1whot1hast1thet1mostt1comprehensivet1understandingt1oft1statistical1t
analysist1methods.
ANSWER:t 1 C
Feedback
A Havingt1at1rolet1int1nursingt1researcht1ort1implementingt1findingst1ist1nott1limitedt1to1t
BScNt1andt1MSNt1nursest1only.
B Master’s-
preparedt1nursest1cant1providet1leadershipt1tot1superviset1howt1researcht1findingst1a
ret1appliedt1int1thet1clinicalt1area.t1Allt1levelst1oft1nursest1cant1applyt1research
findingst1tot1practice.
C Nursest1shouldt1havet1ant1awarenesst1oft1thet1relevancet1oft1nursingt1researcht1andt1a
sk1tclinicalt1questions.
, D Datat1analysist1ist1usuallyt1conductedt1byt1ant1MSN-t1ort1PhD-levelt1nurse.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Comprehension
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
10. Whicht1oft1Florencet1Nightingale’st1actionst1formedt1thet1foundationt1fort1modern-
dayt1nursing1rt esearcht1methods?
a. Establishingt1thet1St.t1Thomast1Hospitalt1Schoolt1oft1Nursingt1int1England
b. Writingt1thet1curriculat1fort1thet1nineteenth–centuryt1nurset1trainingt1programs
c. Lobbyingt1thet1Britisht1parliamentt1tot1enactt1changest1int1lawt1fort1bettert1healtht1care
d. Collectingt1datat1systematicallyt1ont1thet1healtht1statust1oft1Britisht1soldierst1duringt1the1t
Crimeant1War
ANSWER:t 1 D
Feedback
A Establishingt1at1schoolt1oft1nursingt1ist1nott1at1formt1oft1scientifict1investigation.
B Developingt1curriculat1ist1nott1at1formt1oft1scientifict1investigation.
C Lobbyingt1at1parliamentt1ist1moret1aboutt1advocacyt1andt1healtht1caret1reform.
D Systematic,t1objectivet1datat1collectiont1duringt1thet1Crimeant1Wart1formedt1thet1basi
s1tfort1modern-dayt1nursingt1researcht1methods.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Knowledge
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
11. Whatt1wast1thet1focust1oft1mostt1nursingt1researcht1studiest1conductedt1duringt1thet1firstt1halft1oft1th
e1tt wentietht1century?
a. Nursingt1educationt1methodst1andt1outcomes
b. Effectst1oft1sanitationt1ont1healtht1promotiont1andt1diseaset1prevention
c. Uset1oft1epidemiologyt1ast1at1methodt1oft1identifyingt1riskt1fort1specifict1illnesses
d. Identificationt1oft1thet1mostt1effectivet1meanst1tot1disseminatet1positivet1findingst1from1t
nursingt1research
ANSWER:t 1 A
Feedback
A Nursingt1educationt1hast1beent1documentedt1tot1havet1beent1thet1focust1oft1nursin
g1tresearcht1int1thet1earlyt1twentietht1century.
B Diseaset1preventiont1wast1at1focust1int1thet11960s.
C Florencet1Nightingalet1usedt1epidemiologyt1int1hert1earlyt1research.
D Disseminationt1oft1nursingt1researcht1findingst1grewt1int1thet11980s.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Knowledge
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
12. Whatt1wast1thet1outcomet1oft1thet11932t1Weirt1report?
a. Recognitiont1oft1researcht1ast1partt1oft1thet1rolest1andt1responsibilitiest1oft1thet1registered
, nurse
b. Recommendationt1oft1changest1tot1improvet1standardst1oft1educationt1andt1practice
c. Establishmentt1oft1multiplet1entryt1levelst1tot1thet1nursingt1profession
d. Publicationt1oft1thet1Canadiant1Journalt1oft1Nursing
ANSWER:t 1 B
Feedback
A Thet1focust1wast1ont1advancingt1thet1deliveryt1oft1nursingt1educationt1tot1improve1t
practice.
B Thet1Weirt1reportt1identifiedt1serioust1problemst1int1nursingt1educationt1thatt1affecte
d1tnursingt1practice.
C Thet1standardizationt1oft1BScN,t1MSN,t1andt1PhDt1programst1wast1suggested,t1butt1i
t1ttookt150t1yearst1fort1itst1fullt1adoption.
D Not1publicationt1calledt1thet1Canadiant1Journalt1oft1Nursingt1exists.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Knowledge
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
13. Whatt1actiont1ort1strategyt1cant1limitt1thet1deptht1oft1nursingt1research?
a. Addressingt1physiologicalt1andt1psychologicalt1responsest1tot1actualt1ort1potentialt1healt
h1p
t roblems
b. Employingt1botht1qualitativet1methodst1andt1quantitativet1methodst1int1thet1samet1study
c. Developingt1programst1oft1researcht1thatt1buildt1ont1priort1investigations
d. Usingt1singulart1measurest1tot1assesst1phenomena
ANSWER:t 1 D
Feedback
A Addressingt1thet1physicalt1andt1psychologicalt1aspectst1oft1at1phenomenont1provide
s1tdeptht1tot1researcht1outcomes.
B Multiple-
methodt1studiest1cant1providet1greatert1deptht1oft1understandingt1oft1a1tpheno
menon.
C Buildingt1ont1priort1researcht1allowst1fort1deepert1explorationt1oft1humant1phenomena.
D Usingt1at1singlet1measuret1willt1nott1allowt1at1researchert1tot1examinet1thet1complexityt1o
f1thumant1phenomena.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Analysis
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
14. Whicht1oft1thet1followingt1ist1thet1overallt1valuet1oft1developingt1evidence-informedt1nursingt1practice?
a. Demonstrationt1oft1howt1nursingt1makest1at1differencet1int1patientt1outcomes
b. Implementationt1oft1thet1mostt1cost-effectivet1nursingt1practicet1patterns
c. Separationt1oft1nursingt1researcht1fromt1thet1researcht1oft1othert1disciplines
d. Developmentt1oft1newt1nursingt1theories
ANSWER:t 1 B
Feedback
, A Evidence-informedt1practicet1providest1at1researcht1foundationt1fort1nursing
interventions.
B Implementationt1oft1moret1cost-effectivet1nursingt1interventionst1mayt1occurt1basedt1on
evidence,t1butt1itt1ist1nott1thet1overallt1valuet1oft1developingt1evidence-
informedt1nursing1tpractice.
C Developingt1at1uniquet1bodyt1oft1nursingt1knowledget1ist1importantt1butt1ist1nott1the
overallt1valuet1oft1developingt1evidence-informedt1nursingt1practice.
D Developingt1nursingt1theoryt1ist1important,t1butt1evidence-
informedt1nursingt1practice1tist1focusedt1ont1thet1moret1concretet1aspectst1oft1clinicalt1pra
ctice.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Comprehension
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
15. Howt1doest1ant1internationalt1researcht1perspectivet1contributet1tot1thet1disciplinet1andt1sciencet1
of1nt ursing?
a. Byt1unifyingt1thet1definitiont1oft1thet1termt1health
b. Byt1increasingt1thet1disseminationt1potentialt1oft1researcht1findings
c. Byt1emphasizingt1thet1culturalt1aspectst1oft1nursingt1care
d. Byt1testingt1innovativet1andt1cost-effectivet1patientt1caret1deliveryt1models
ANSWER:t 1 D
Feedback
A Nursingt1modelst1cant1bet1testedt1int1at1varietyt1oft1settings,t1whicht1strengthenst1th
e1tcredibilityt1oft1thet1evidence.t1Healtht1ist1at1subjectivet1term.
B Disseminationt1oft1findingst1ist1onet1oft1thet1benefitst1oft1ant1internationalt1perspective,
butt1thet1primaryt1focust1ist1testingt1oft1models.
C Emphasist1ont1culturalt1considerationst1ist1onet1oft1thet1benefitst1oft1ant1international1t
perspective,t1butt1thet1primaryt1focust1ist1testingt1oft1models.
D Ant1internationalt1researcht1perspectivet1cant1leadt1tot1thet1formationt1oft1at1glo
bal1tresearcht1community.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Comprehension
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
16. Whicht1oft1thet1followingt1ist1thet1identifiedt1priorityt1fort1futuret1nursingt1researcht1efforts?
a. Improvementt1int1patientt1qualityt1oft1life
b. Costt1containmentt1oft1healtht1caret1delivery
c. Promotiont1oft1excellencet1int1nursingt1science
d. Promotiont1oft1advancedt1educationt1int1nursing
ANSWER:t 1 C
Feedback
A Patientt1qualityt1oft1lifet1ist1at1desiredt1outcomet1butt1nott1thet1identifiedt1priorityt1for1ft u
turet1nursingt1research.
B Costt1containmentt1ist1nott1thet1identifiedt1priorityt1fort1futuret1nursingt1research.
C Nursingt1ist1risingt1tot1thet1challenget1oft1developingt1thet1sciencet1tot1improvet1health
, care.t1Advancingt1nursingt1sciencet1ist1thereforet1at1priority.
D Promotiont1oft1advancedt1educationt1int1nursingt1ist1nott1thet1identifiedt1priorityt1fo
r1tfuturet1nursingt1research.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Knowledge
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
17. Reviewt1thet1informationt1fromt1fourt1abstractst1belowt1andt1identifyt1whicht1studyt1ist1ant1examplet1o
f1ot utcome-basedt1research.
a. Thist1studyt1usedt1at1school-
basedt1communityt1samplet1(Nt1=t1920)t1tot1examinet1trajectoriest1oft1depressivet1
symptoms,t1self-
esteem,t1andt1expressedt1angert1int1the1tcriticalt1yearst1oft1emergingt1adulthoodt1(a
gest118t1tot125).
b. Tot1identifyt1reasonst1fort1lowert1organt1donationt1ratest1byt1knowledget1andt1attitudest1
aboutt1braint1death,t1donation,t1andt1transplantationt1andt1trustt1int1thet1healtht1caret1syst
em1tweret1examined.
c. Ant1exploratoryt1studyt1wast1undertakent1witht1at1raciallyt1diverset1groupt1oft1custodial
t1grandfatherst1tot1fillt1at1gapt1int1thet1literaturet1aboutt1thet1vulnerabilityt1fort1eldert1ab
use,t1exploitation,t1andt1neglectt1ast1expressedt1byt1oldert1Indigenous,t1Caucasian,t1and
t1South1tAsiant1custodialt1grandfathers.
d. At1multicentre,t1internationalt1clinicalt1trialt1wast1conductedt1int13,500t1patientst1witht1d
ocumentedt1coronaryt1heartt1diseaset1tot1determinet1whethert1at1brieft1educationt1and
t1counsellingt1interventiont1deliveredt1byt1at1nurse t1cant1reducet1prehospitalt1delayt1int1t
he1tfacet1oft1symptoms.
ANSWER:t 1 D
Feedback
A Explorationt1oft1angert1int1adulthoodt1ist1nott1ant1outcomest1researcht1study.
B Surveyingt1familiest1aboutt1consentt1fort1organt1donationt1ist1nott1ant1outcomest1research
study.
C Explorationt1oft1eldert1abuset1ist1nott1ant1outcomest1researcht1study.
D Outcomest1researcht1examinest1howt1nursingt1interventionst1affectt1patientt1outcomes.
Thist1studyt1examinest1thet1effectivenesst1oft1nursingt1interventions.
DIF: Cognitivet1Level:t1Evaluation
MSC:t1NCLEXt1Clientt1Caret1Needst1Category:t1Safet1andt1Effectivet1Caret1Environment;t1Healtht1Promotion1t
andt1Maintenance
18. Whyt1shouldt1at1nursingt1researcht1studyt1thatt1demonstratest1at1positivet1outcomet1fort1at1specifi
c1it nterventiont1bet1replicatedt1beforet1thet1interventiont1cant1bet1acceptedt1fort1implementation
?
a. Findingst1thatt1aret1reproduciblet1int1at1seriest1oft1replicatedt1studiest1increaset1t
he1tgeneralizabilityt1oft1thet1results.
b. Beingt1ablet1tot1replicatet1existingt1studiest1increasest1thet1opportunityt1fort1nursest1tot1b
e1tinvolvedt1int1nursingt1research.
c. Replicatedt1studiest1providet1moret1datat1fort1statisticalt1analysist1andt1measurementt1
of1treliability.
d. Ift1at1hight1levelt1oft1significancet1ist1associatedt1witht1thet1studyt1results,t1replicationt1is1t
unnecessary.
