UGBA 104 CORRECT FINAL EXAMS QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔MapReduce - ✔✔Definition:
Programming model used within Hadoop that performs the two major steps for which it
is named: the map step and the reduce step. The map step divides the data into
manageable subsets and distributes it to the computers in the cluster for storing and
processing. The reduce step collects answers from the nodes and combines them into
an answer to the original problem.
✔✔Hadoop - ✔✔Definition:
An open-source programming environment that supports big data processing through
distributed storage and distributed processing on clusters of computers.
✔✔data query - ✔✔Definition:
A request for information with certain characteristics from a database.
✔✔advanced analytics - ✔✔Definition:
Predictive and prescriptive analytics.
✔✔data scientists - ✔✔Definition:
Analysts trained in both computer science and statistics who know how to effectively
process and analyze massive amounts of data.
✔✔simulation optimization - ✔✔Definition:
The use of probability and statistics to model uncertainty, combined with optimization
techniques, to find good decisions in highly complex and highly uncertain settings.
✔✔Strategic decisions - ✔✔Definition:
A decision that involves higher-level issues and that is concerned with the overall
direction of the organization, defining the overall goals and aspirations for the
organization's future.
, ✔✔Simulation - ✔✔Definition:
The use of probability and statistics to construct a computer model to study the impact
of uncertainty on the decision at hand.
✔✔Predictive analytics - ✔✔Definition:
Techniques that use models constructed from past data to predict the future or to
ascertain the impact of one variable on another.
✔✔prescriptive analytics - ✔✔Definition:
Techniques that analyze input data and yield a best course of action.
✔✔utility theory - ✔✔Definition:
The study of the total worth or relative desirability of a particular outcome that reflects
the decision maker's attitude toward a collection of factors such as profit, loss, and risk.
✔✔standard deviation - ✔✔Definition:
A measure of variability computed by taking the positive square root of the variance.
✔✔percentile - ✔✔Definition:
A value such that approximately p percent of the observations have values less than the
pth percentile; hence, approximately (100 - p) percent of the observations have values
greater than the pth percentile. The 50th percentile is the median.
✔✔variation - ✔✔Definition:
Differences in values of a variable over observations.
✔✔coefficient of variation - ✔✔Definition:
A measure of relative variability computed by dividing the standard deviation by the
mean and multiplying by 100.
✔✔cumulative frequency distribution - ✔✔Definition:
A tabular summary of quantitative data showing the number of data values that are less
than or equal to the upper class limit of each bin.
✔✔mean (arithmetic mean) - ✔✔Definition:
A measure of central location computed by summing the data values and dividing by the
number of observations.
✔✔random sampling - ✔✔Definition:
Collecting a sample that ensures that: (1) each element selected comes from the same
population and (2) each element is selected independently.
✔✔empirical rule - ✔✔Definition:
A rule that can be used to compute the percentage of data values that must be within 1,
2, or 3 standard deviations of the mean for data that exhibit a bell-shaped distribution.
AND ANSWERS SURE A+
✔✔MapReduce - ✔✔Definition:
Programming model used within Hadoop that performs the two major steps for which it
is named: the map step and the reduce step. The map step divides the data into
manageable subsets and distributes it to the computers in the cluster for storing and
processing. The reduce step collects answers from the nodes and combines them into
an answer to the original problem.
✔✔Hadoop - ✔✔Definition:
An open-source programming environment that supports big data processing through
distributed storage and distributed processing on clusters of computers.
✔✔data query - ✔✔Definition:
A request for information with certain characteristics from a database.
✔✔advanced analytics - ✔✔Definition:
Predictive and prescriptive analytics.
✔✔data scientists - ✔✔Definition:
Analysts trained in both computer science and statistics who know how to effectively
process and analyze massive amounts of data.
✔✔simulation optimization - ✔✔Definition:
The use of probability and statistics to model uncertainty, combined with optimization
techniques, to find good decisions in highly complex and highly uncertain settings.
✔✔Strategic decisions - ✔✔Definition:
A decision that involves higher-level issues and that is concerned with the overall
direction of the organization, defining the overall goals and aspirations for the
organization's future.
, ✔✔Simulation - ✔✔Definition:
The use of probability and statistics to construct a computer model to study the impact
of uncertainty on the decision at hand.
✔✔Predictive analytics - ✔✔Definition:
Techniques that use models constructed from past data to predict the future or to
ascertain the impact of one variable on another.
✔✔prescriptive analytics - ✔✔Definition:
Techniques that analyze input data and yield a best course of action.
✔✔utility theory - ✔✔Definition:
The study of the total worth or relative desirability of a particular outcome that reflects
the decision maker's attitude toward a collection of factors such as profit, loss, and risk.
✔✔standard deviation - ✔✔Definition:
A measure of variability computed by taking the positive square root of the variance.
✔✔percentile - ✔✔Definition:
A value such that approximately p percent of the observations have values less than the
pth percentile; hence, approximately (100 - p) percent of the observations have values
greater than the pth percentile. The 50th percentile is the median.
✔✔variation - ✔✔Definition:
Differences in values of a variable over observations.
✔✔coefficient of variation - ✔✔Definition:
A measure of relative variability computed by dividing the standard deviation by the
mean and multiplying by 100.
✔✔cumulative frequency distribution - ✔✔Definition:
A tabular summary of quantitative data showing the number of data values that are less
than or equal to the upper class limit of each bin.
✔✔mean (arithmetic mean) - ✔✔Definition:
A measure of central location computed by summing the data values and dividing by the
number of observations.
✔✔random sampling - ✔✔Definition:
Collecting a sample that ensures that: (1) each element selected comes from the same
population and (2) each element is selected independently.
✔✔empirical rule - ✔✔Definition:
A rule that can be used to compute the percentage of data values that must be within 1,
2, or 3 standard deviations of the mean for data that exhibit a bell-shaped distribution.
