WI PAT Right-of-Way & Natural Areas (6.0)
1. Chapter 1: About
Weeds
2. Right-of-way An area of land used or adjacent to areas of access, transportation, or power.
E.g. land for electric power lines, pipelines, railways, public roads
3. Natural area Land being preserved or restored and managed for its natural or native features.
E.g. prairies
4. What determines A weed is any unwanted plant.
whether a given
plant is a weed? It interferes with what someone wants to do with the land the weed is growing
on.
5. What are the 1. Minimize weed competition
two main goals
of weed manage- 2. Limit the weed's reproduction in order to manage the weed population in years
ment? to come.
6. Distinguish Grasses are considered monocots, meaning they have a single seed leaf, they also
grasses from have narrow leaves with parallel veins and a fibrous root system.
broadleaf plants
and herbaceous Broadleaf plants have two seed leaves and are therefore called dicots, they have
from woody broad leaves with veins that form net patterns.
plants
Broadleaf plants can be further classified into herbaceous and woody, where the
woody plants have a thick layer of dense tissue called bark, which herbaceous
plants lack.
7. Describe the life Annual plants live for less than a year, they produce many seeds in one growing
cycles and prop- season, and then die.
agation of annu-
, WI PAT Right-of-Way & Natural Areas (6.0)
al, biennial, and Summer annuals winter as seeds, and winter annuals winter as a low-growing
perennial plants plant, both summer and winter annuals are easiest to control when they are small.
Biennial plants live for two growing seasons, they germinate from seed in the
spring or summer and winter as a rosette of leaves.
They flower in their second year, produce seeds and then die. Both annuals and
biennials reproduce only by seed.
Perennial plants live for at least 2 years and sometimes longer, they may reproduce
by seed or vegetatively through several different mechanisms.
8. What is need- To kill annuals or biennials, you must kill the whole shoot. Controlling these weeds
ed to kill annu- with tillage or herbicides will kill them plus stop seed production, which will
al, biennial, and reduce future weed problems.
perennial weeds
and when is it The most effective way to kill perennials is to destroy the underground vegetative
easiest to do so? structures by either repeatedly tilling the soil or by using a herbicide that translo-
cates to destroy all of the plant parts.
9. Do state and lo- Yes!
cal laws require
landowners to
control certain
weeds to prevent
their spread?
10. How should you All weeds may start as seedlings and it is most effective to treat the plants at this
time herbicide stage because less energy is required to kill the plants at this stage than at any
application with other.
respect to a
plant's life cycle Biennials and annuals are controlled by a fall or early spring treatment, and
and which timing perennials are controlled best with a fall treatment as well.
is most effective?
, WI PAT Right-of-Way & Natural Areas (6.0)
11. Chapter 2: Pesti-
cides
12. Define the word Any substance used to directly control (inhibit, repel, reduce, kill) pest populations
pesticide and ex- or to prevent or reduce pest damage.
plain how the
word differs from Encompasses insecticides, etc.
specific types of
pesticides.
13. Explain the dif- Organic: carbon-containing compounds, mostly synthetic, powerful.
ference be-
tween organic Inorganic: derived from minerals in nature, generally toxic (vs. targeted), less
and inorganic effective.
pesticides.
14. Explain the term How a pesticide works to kill or harm a pest.
"mode of action"
and how it relates Certain pests develop resistance to certain modes of action (countered through
to pesticide resis- rotating modes).
tance.
15. Compare selec- Selective: only harm certain plants, if applied correctly at the right time.
tive and nonse-
lective herbicides Nonselective: will injure most or all plants.
16. Explain the How long a pesticide remains active to control pests (residual activity).
term "persis-
tence," and how Highly persistent pesticides control pests for a longer period of time, but have
it relates to a more potential to contaminate the environment and nontarget organisms.
pesticide's per-
formance and
, WI PAT Right-of-Way & Natural Areas (6.0)
potential to
cause environ-
mental harm.
17. Explain the dif- Trade name: one or more specific names for a specific commercial formulation of
ference be- a particular active ingredient
tween the differ-
ent types of pes- Chemical name: complies with accepted guidelines established by chemists,
ticide names frequently long.
Common name: simplified chemical name.
18. Outline what an 1. Absorbed into plant through leaves, stems, or roots.
herbicide needs
to do to kill 2. Translocated to sensitive part of plant (if necessary).
weeds.
3. Block important process in plant (e.g. photosynthesis).
19. What are the Contact herbicides do not move within the plant, they are sprayed on and only kill
uses and charac- the parts of the plant they actually touch.
teristics of con-
tact and systemic Systemic herbicides are absorbed through leaves or roots and then move or
herbicides? translocate within the treated plant.
20. What are the ef- Soil organic matter and clay particles can adsorb soil-applied herbicides, meaning
fects of soil tex- more herbicide will be required in these types of soils because the herbicide will
ture and organ- be bound to the soil particles and will not be available to be absorbed by the
ic matter content weeds.
on application of
soil herbicides?
21. How do you Do not apply herbicides to areas where they may leach into groundwater, or run
keep soil herbi- off into water sources or cropping areas.
1. Chapter 1: About
Weeds
2. Right-of-way An area of land used or adjacent to areas of access, transportation, or power.
E.g. land for electric power lines, pipelines, railways, public roads
3. Natural area Land being preserved or restored and managed for its natural or native features.
E.g. prairies
4. What determines A weed is any unwanted plant.
whether a given
plant is a weed? It interferes with what someone wants to do with the land the weed is growing
on.
5. What are the 1. Minimize weed competition
two main goals
of weed manage- 2. Limit the weed's reproduction in order to manage the weed population in years
ment? to come.
6. Distinguish Grasses are considered monocots, meaning they have a single seed leaf, they also
grasses from have narrow leaves with parallel veins and a fibrous root system.
broadleaf plants
and herbaceous Broadleaf plants have two seed leaves and are therefore called dicots, they have
from woody broad leaves with veins that form net patterns.
plants
Broadleaf plants can be further classified into herbaceous and woody, where the
woody plants have a thick layer of dense tissue called bark, which herbaceous
plants lack.
7. Describe the life Annual plants live for less than a year, they produce many seeds in one growing
cycles and prop- season, and then die.
agation of annu-
, WI PAT Right-of-Way & Natural Areas (6.0)
al, biennial, and Summer annuals winter as seeds, and winter annuals winter as a low-growing
perennial plants plant, both summer and winter annuals are easiest to control when they are small.
Biennial plants live for two growing seasons, they germinate from seed in the
spring or summer and winter as a rosette of leaves.
They flower in their second year, produce seeds and then die. Both annuals and
biennials reproduce only by seed.
Perennial plants live for at least 2 years and sometimes longer, they may reproduce
by seed or vegetatively through several different mechanisms.
8. What is need- To kill annuals or biennials, you must kill the whole shoot. Controlling these weeds
ed to kill annu- with tillage or herbicides will kill them plus stop seed production, which will
al, biennial, and reduce future weed problems.
perennial weeds
and when is it The most effective way to kill perennials is to destroy the underground vegetative
easiest to do so? structures by either repeatedly tilling the soil or by using a herbicide that translo-
cates to destroy all of the plant parts.
9. Do state and lo- Yes!
cal laws require
landowners to
control certain
weeds to prevent
their spread?
10. How should you All weeds may start as seedlings and it is most effective to treat the plants at this
time herbicide stage because less energy is required to kill the plants at this stage than at any
application with other.
respect to a
plant's life cycle Biennials and annuals are controlled by a fall or early spring treatment, and
and which timing perennials are controlled best with a fall treatment as well.
is most effective?
, WI PAT Right-of-Way & Natural Areas (6.0)
11. Chapter 2: Pesti-
cides
12. Define the word Any substance used to directly control (inhibit, repel, reduce, kill) pest populations
pesticide and ex- or to prevent or reduce pest damage.
plain how the
word differs from Encompasses insecticides, etc.
specific types of
pesticides.
13. Explain the dif- Organic: carbon-containing compounds, mostly synthetic, powerful.
ference be-
tween organic Inorganic: derived from minerals in nature, generally toxic (vs. targeted), less
and inorganic effective.
pesticides.
14. Explain the term How a pesticide works to kill or harm a pest.
"mode of action"
and how it relates Certain pests develop resistance to certain modes of action (countered through
to pesticide resis- rotating modes).
tance.
15. Compare selec- Selective: only harm certain plants, if applied correctly at the right time.
tive and nonse-
lective herbicides Nonselective: will injure most or all plants.
16. Explain the How long a pesticide remains active to control pests (residual activity).
term "persis-
tence," and how Highly persistent pesticides control pests for a longer period of time, but have
it relates to a more potential to contaminate the environment and nontarget organisms.
pesticide's per-
formance and
, WI PAT Right-of-Way & Natural Areas (6.0)
potential to
cause environ-
mental harm.
17. Explain the dif- Trade name: one or more specific names for a specific commercial formulation of
ference be- a particular active ingredient
tween the differ-
ent types of pes- Chemical name: complies with accepted guidelines established by chemists,
ticide names frequently long.
Common name: simplified chemical name.
18. Outline what an 1. Absorbed into plant through leaves, stems, or roots.
herbicide needs
to do to kill 2. Translocated to sensitive part of plant (if necessary).
weeds.
3. Block important process in plant (e.g. photosynthesis).
19. What are the Contact herbicides do not move within the plant, they are sprayed on and only kill
uses and charac- the parts of the plant they actually touch.
teristics of con-
tact and systemic Systemic herbicides are absorbed through leaves or roots and then move or
herbicides? translocate within the treated plant.
20. What are the ef- Soil organic matter and clay particles can adsorb soil-applied herbicides, meaning
fects of soil tex- more herbicide will be required in these types of soils because the herbicide will
ture and organ- be bound to the soil particles and will not be available to be absorbed by the
ic matter content weeds.
on application of
soil herbicides?
21. How do you Do not apply herbicides to areas where they may leach into groundwater, or run
keep soil herbi- off into water sources or cropping areas.
