Chapter 2
I. Elements and Atoms
A. Define:
1. Matter: anything that occupies space and has mass
2. Mass: amount of matter contained in the object
a) Compare human mass and weight. Mass is the amount of matter
in the human which does not change. Weight is variable, and
influenced by gravity.
3. Elements: pure substance
a) Atom is the smallest quantity of an element
b) Nucleus contains protons and neutrons
c) How will electron shells affect molecule formation? Gives atoms
structural stability
d) Atomic number: number of protons in the nucleus of the atom,
identifies the element. Same number of electrons and protons
e) Atomic mass:sum number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
,4. Compounds: made up of 2 or more atoms of different elements
a) Glucose is composed of carbon, ___hydrogen____ and
___oxygen______
5. Atoms: smallest quantity of an element
, 6. Subatomic particles:
a) Carbon 12, 13 and 14 have the same _____protons______ and
different numbers of ____neutrons__________
b) Radioactive isotopes: whose nucleus readily decays giving off
subatomic particles and electromagnetic energy
(1) Used in medicine for PET scans radioactive glucose
c) Electrons circle the nucleus of an atom in
_____orbit______________
B. Define radiology:
1. How are radioactive isotopes used medically? By using minimally
invasive techniques involving radiation
2. What are the pros and cons of the use? Reducing the pain, cost, and
hospital length of stay, recovery time
3. What training would it take to use radioactive isotopes for medical use?
Because of the inherent risks associated with ionizing radiation, the
training requirements differ significantly depending on your specific role,
such as whether you are a physician, a technologist, or a researcher.
II. Chemical Bonds
A. Valence electrons are important for compound formation because ___If the
valence shell is the atom is stable and electrons not being pulled away __.
B. Compounds are formed by __2 or more atoms __
1. Elements that lose or gain electrons become __positively or negatively
charged_.
a) What type of bond can be formed as a result? Positively charged
ions (cations) are formed when an atom loses one or more
electrons. Negatively charged ions (anions) are formed when an
atom gains one or more electrons.
(1) K+ is an example of what type of ion? Cation. What
causes the K element to become an ion in this case?
Losing of electron
(2) Can more than one _electron__ be lost or gained to
produce ions? Yes
(3) Mg++ is an example of what type of ion? Cation donated 2
electrons
I. Elements and Atoms
A. Define:
1. Matter: anything that occupies space and has mass
2. Mass: amount of matter contained in the object
a) Compare human mass and weight. Mass is the amount of matter
in the human which does not change. Weight is variable, and
influenced by gravity.
3. Elements: pure substance
a) Atom is the smallest quantity of an element
b) Nucleus contains protons and neutrons
c) How will electron shells affect molecule formation? Gives atoms
structural stability
d) Atomic number: number of protons in the nucleus of the atom,
identifies the element. Same number of electrons and protons
e) Atomic mass:sum number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
,4. Compounds: made up of 2 or more atoms of different elements
a) Glucose is composed of carbon, ___hydrogen____ and
___oxygen______
5. Atoms: smallest quantity of an element
, 6. Subatomic particles:
a) Carbon 12, 13 and 14 have the same _____protons______ and
different numbers of ____neutrons__________
b) Radioactive isotopes: whose nucleus readily decays giving off
subatomic particles and electromagnetic energy
(1) Used in medicine for PET scans radioactive glucose
c) Electrons circle the nucleus of an atom in
_____orbit______________
B. Define radiology:
1. How are radioactive isotopes used medically? By using minimally
invasive techniques involving radiation
2. What are the pros and cons of the use? Reducing the pain, cost, and
hospital length of stay, recovery time
3. What training would it take to use radioactive isotopes for medical use?
Because of the inherent risks associated with ionizing radiation, the
training requirements differ significantly depending on your specific role,
such as whether you are a physician, a technologist, or a researcher.
II. Chemical Bonds
A. Valence electrons are important for compound formation because ___If the
valence shell is the atom is stable and electrons not being pulled away __.
B. Compounds are formed by __2 or more atoms __
1. Elements that lose or gain electrons become __positively or negatively
charged_.
a) What type of bond can be formed as a result? Positively charged
ions (cations) are formed when an atom loses one or more
electrons. Negatively charged ions (anions) are formed when an
atom gains one or more electrons.
(1) K+ is an example of what type of ion? Cation. What
causes the K element to become an ion in this case?
Losing of electron
(2) Can more than one _electron__ be lost or gained to
produce ions? Yes
(3) Mg++ is an example of what type of ion? Cation donated 2
electrons
