BIOL 252 Human Anatomy & Physiology
II w/Lab | Module 4 Exam Review 70+
Questions and Answers -Summary |
LockDown Browser | Portage Learning
2026/2027 – Verified Q&As with
Detailed Rationales (Test Bank Bundle -
74 Questions)
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*QUESTION 1:*
Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?
A) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
B) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
C) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
D) Growth hormone (GH)
> 🎯 *CORRECT ANSWER:* A) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
> 💡 *CLINICAL RATIONALE:*
> * *Why It's Right:* ACTH targets adrenal cortex.
> * *Why Distractors Fail:* TRH stimulates TSH; LH targets gonads; GH targets growth.
> * *Core Takeaway:* ACTH = cortisol release.
,---
*QUESTION 2:*
The primary function of the atrioventricular (AV) node is to:
A) Generate the initial electrical impulse
B) Delay the electrical signal to allow ventricular filling
C) Rapidly conduct impulses to the ventricles
D) Detect blood pressure changes
> 🎯 *CORRECT ANSWER:* B) Delay the electrical signal to allow ventricular filling
> 💡 *CLINICAL RATIONALE:*
> * *Why It's Right:* AV nodal delay ensures coordinated contraction.
> * *Why Distractors Fail:* SA node generates; bundle branches conduct; baroreceptors detect
pressure.
> * *Core Takeaway:* AV node = delay.
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*QUESTION 3:*
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as:
A) Dissolved CO2
B) Carbaminohemoglobin
C) Bicarbonate ions (HCO3⁻)
D) Carbonic acid
> 🎯 *CORRECT ANSWER:* C) Bicarbonate ions (HCO3⁻)
> 💡 *CLINICAL RATIONALE:*
> * *Why It's Right:* Converted by carbonic anhydrase in RBCs.
> * *Why Distractors Fail:* Dissolved is minimal; carbamino is bound to Hb; acid is intermediate.
> * *Core Takeaway:* CO2 transport = bicarbonate.
,---
*QUESTION 4:*
Which structure is responsible for the filtration of blood in the kidney?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Glomerulus
D) Collecting duct
> 🎯 *CORRECT ANSWER:* C) Glomerulus
> 💡 *CLINICAL RATIONALE:*
> * *Why It's Right:* Glomerular filtration.
> * *Why Distractors Fail:* PCT/DCT/loop/duct are for reabsorption/secretion.
> * *Core Takeaway:* Glomerulus = filtration.
---
*QUESTION 5:*
The hormone that promotes the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts is:
A) Aldosterone
B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
D) Cortisol
> 🎯 *CORRECT ANSWER:* B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
> 💡 *CLINICAL RATIONALE:*
> * *Why It's Right:* Insertion of aquaporins.
> * *Why Distractors Fail:* Aldosterone promotes Na+ reabsorption; ANP promotes excretion; cortisol is
metabolic.
, > * *Core Takeaway:* ADH = water reabsorption.
---
*QUESTION 6:*
The layer of the heart wall responsible for contraction is the:
A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Endocardium
D) Pericardium
> 🎯 *CORRECT ANSWER:* B) Myocardium
> 💡 *CLINICAL RATIONALE:*
> * *Why It's Right:* Cardiac muscle layer.
> * *Why Distractors Fail:* Epicardium is outer; endocardium lines chambers; pericardium is sac.
> * *Core Takeaway:* Myocardium = contraction.
---
*QUESTION 7:*
Which of the following is a function of the liver?
A) Production of bile
B) Storage of vitamin B12
C) Detoxification of drugs
D) All of the above
> 🎯 *CORRECT ANSWER:* D) All of the above
> 💡 *CLINICAL RATIONALE:*
> * *Why It's Right:* Liver has multiple functions.
II w/Lab | Module 4 Exam Review 70+
Questions and Answers -Summary |
LockDown Browser | Portage Learning
2026/2027 – Verified Q&As with
Detailed Rationales (Test Bank Bundle -
74 Questions)
---
*QUESTION 1:*
Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex?
A) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
B) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)
C) Luteinizing hormone (LH)
D) Growth hormone (GH)
> 🎯 *CORRECT ANSWER:* A) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
> 💡 *CLINICAL RATIONALE:*
> * *Why It's Right:* ACTH targets adrenal cortex.
> * *Why Distractors Fail:* TRH stimulates TSH; LH targets gonads; GH targets growth.
> * *Core Takeaway:* ACTH = cortisol release.
,---
*QUESTION 2:*
The primary function of the atrioventricular (AV) node is to:
A) Generate the initial electrical impulse
B) Delay the electrical signal to allow ventricular filling
C) Rapidly conduct impulses to the ventricles
D) Detect blood pressure changes
> 🎯 *CORRECT ANSWER:* B) Delay the electrical signal to allow ventricular filling
> 💡 *CLINICAL RATIONALE:*
> * *Why It's Right:* AV nodal delay ensures coordinated contraction.
> * *Why Distractors Fail:* SA node generates; bundle branches conduct; baroreceptors detect
pressure.
> * *Core Takeaway:* AV node = delay.
---
*QUESTION 3:*
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as:
A) Dissolved CO2
B) Carbaminohemoglobin
C) Bicarbonate ions (HCO3⁻)
D) Carbonic acid
> 🎯 *CORRECT ANSWER:* C) Bicarbonate ions (HCO3⁻)
> 💡 *CLINICAL RATIONALE:*
> * *Why It's Right:* Converted by carbonic anhydrase in RBCs.
> * *Why Distractors Fail:* Dissolved is minimal; carbamino is bound to Hb; acid is intermediate.
> * *Core Takeaway:* CO2 transport = bicarbonate.
,---
*QUESTION 4:*
Which structure is responsible for the filtration of blood in the kidney?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Glomerulus
D) Collecting duct
> 🎯 *CORRECT ANSWER:* C) Glomerulus
> 💡 *CLINICAL RATIONALE:*
> * *Why It's Right:* Glomerular filtration.
> * *Why Distractors Fail:* PCT/DCT/loop/duct are for reabsorption/secretion.
> * *Core Takeaway:* Glomerulus = filtration.
---
*QUESTION 5:*
The hormone that promotes the reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts is:
A) Aldosterone
B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
C) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
D) Cortisol
> 🎯 *CORRECT ANSWER:* B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
> 💡 *CLINICAL RATIONALE:*
> * *Why It's Right:* Insertion of aquaporins.
> * *Why Distractors Fail:* Aldosterone promotes Na+ reabsorption; ANP promotes excretion; cortisol is
metabolic.
, > * *Core Takeaway:* ADH = water reabsorption.
---
*QUESTION 6:*
The layer of the heart wall responsible for contraction is the:
A) Epicardium
B) Myocardium
C) Endocardium
D) Pericardium
> 🎯 *CORRECT ANSWER:* B) Myocardium
> 💡 *CLINICAL RATIONALE:*
> * *Why It's Right:* Cardiac muscle layer.
> * *Why Distractors Fail:* Epicardium is outer; endocardium lines chambers; pericardium is sac.
> * *Core Takeaway:* Myocardium = contraction.
---
*QUESTION 7:*
Which of the following is a function of the liver?
A) Production of bile
B) Storage of vitamin B12
C) Detoxification of drugs
D) All of the above
> 🎯 *CORRECT ANSWER:* D) All of the above
> 💡 *CLINICAL RATIONALE:*
> * *Why It's Right:* Liver has multiple functions.
