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Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology (Guyton Physiology) 14th
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Edition
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Chapter 01:Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the —Internal
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Environment‖
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Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE YFT L




1. Which of the following statements about homeostasis is incorrect? L
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a. It refers to the maintenance of a stable internal environment for the body.
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b. Homeostatic mechanisms do not operate in diseases. YFT L YFT L L
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c. Homeostasis requires integrated actions of the cells, tissues, organs, and multiple YFT L L
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nervous, hormonal, and local control systems. L
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d. Homeostatic compensations that begin after a major environmental challenge YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
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may
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contribute to abnormalities of body function. L
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ANS: Y F T L B

2. What is the most abundant type of cell in the human body?
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a. Neuron
b. Epithelial cell YFT L



c. Red blood cell YFT L YFT L



d. White blood cell YFT L YFT L



e. Vascular smooth muscle cell YFT L YFT L YFT L



f. Skeletal muscle cell YFT L L
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ANS: Y F T L C

3. The most abundant substance in the human body and the approximate percentage of
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YFT that substance in the body is which of the following?
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a. Protein, 30% YFT L



b. Protein, 60% YFT L



c. Water, 30% L
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d. Water, 60% L
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e. Carbohydrate, 30% YFTL



f. Carbohydrate, 60% YFTL




ANS: Y F T L D

4. If the feedback gain of a control system is
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a. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 1/2 of the initial disturbance
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to YFT L



the system. YFT L



b. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 2/3 of the initial disturbance
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to Y FT L



the system. YFT L



c. a negative feedback system capable of correcting 3/4 of the initial disturbance
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to YFT L




ANS: Y F T L B

, 5. Which of the following substances has the highest extracellular fluid to intracellular
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fluid concentration ratio for most mammalian cells?
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a. Sodium ions YFT L



b. Potassium ions YFT L



c. Carbon dioxide YFT L



d. Glucose
e. Protein
ANS: Y F T L A

6. Exchange of substances between the cardiovascular system and the interstitial fluid occurs
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YFT L mainly in which of the following? Y FT L L
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a. Arteries
b. Arterioles
c. Capillaries
d. Venules
e. Veins
ANS: Y F T L C

7. What is the approximate distance from the capillaries to most cells of the body?
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a. Less than 50 angstroms YFT L Y FT L L
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b. Less than 50 microns YFT L Y FT L L
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c. Less than 50 millimeters YFT L Y FT L L
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d. Less than 100 angstroms YFT L Y FT L YFT L



e. Less than 100 microns YFT L Y FT L YFT L



f. Less than 100 millimeters YFT L Y FT L YFT L




ANS: Y F T L A

8. When a person is at rest, how much time is required for the blood in the circulation
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to traverse the entire circulatory circuit?
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a. 1 second YFT L



b. 1 minute YFT L



c. 3 minutes YFT L



d. 4 minutes YFT L



e. 5 minutes YFT L




ANS: Y F T L B

9. The type of control system that can sometimes cause instability and vicious cycles
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is called
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a. negative feedback. YFTL



b. feed-forward control. L
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c. positive feedback. YFT L



d. adaptive feedback. YFTL



e. delayed negative feedback. YFT L L
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ANS: Y F T L C

10. Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the body?
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a. Return of blood pressure toward normal after a hemorrhage YFT L L
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b. Generation of action potentials in nerves YFT L YFT L L
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c. Increased respiration rate caused by accumulation of carbon dioxide in the YFT L YFT L YF T L YFT L L
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YFT blood
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, d. Decreased sympathetic nervous system activity that occurs in response to YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
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increased blood pressure YFT L YFTL




ANS: Y F T L B

11. Which of the following is an example of a —feed-forward‖ control system?
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a. The arterial baroreceptor system YFT L YFTL YFT L



b. The progressive nature of uterine contractions during YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L L
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childbirth L
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c. Control of skeletal muscle movements by the brain YF T L YF T L Y FT L L
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d. Generation of an action potential YFT L YFT L YFT L YFT L




ANS: Y F T L C

12. Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
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Example 1: Arterial baroreceptor control of blood
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pressure
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Example 2: Excitation of the respiratory center by increased blood carbon dioxide
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concentration
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Example 3: Hemorrhagic shock caused by severe blood loss YFT L YFT L YF T L L
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a. Example 1 only YFT L YF T L



b. Example 2 only YFT L YF T L



c. Example 3 only YFT L YF T L



d. Examples 1 and 2, but not YFT L YF TL Y FT L YFT L L
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3 YFT L



e. Examples 1, 2, and 3 YFT L YFT L L
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ANS: Y F T L D


Chapter 02: The Cell and Its Functions
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Hall: Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE YFT L




1. The most abundant cell membrane lipids are
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a. sphingolipids.
b. phospholipids.
c. cholesterol.
d. triglycerides.
e. sterols.

, ANS: Y F T L B

2. Organelles that neutralize drugs and toxins are YFTL L
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a. nuclei.
b. mitochondria.
c. lysosomes.
d. peroxisomes.
e. endoplasmic reticulum. YFT L




ANS: Y F T L D

3. Use the terms in the following list to identify the cellular location for the steps involved
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in the synthesis and packaging of a secreted protein.
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—Initiation of translation‖ Y FT L Y FT L



a. Nucleolus
b. Nucleus
c. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum YFT L L
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d. Granular endoplasmic reticulum L
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e. Golgi apparatus L
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f. Endosomes
g. Peroxisomes
h. Cytosol
ANS: Y F T L H

4. Use the terms in the following list to identify the cellular location for the steps involved
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in the synthesis and packaging of a secreted protein.
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—Protein sorting and packaging‖ Y FT L Y FT L Y FT L



a. Nucleolus
b. Nucleus
c. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum YFT L L
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d. Granular endoplasmic reticulum L
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e. Golgi apparatus L
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f. Endosomes
g. Peroxisomes
h. Lysosomes
ANS: Y F T L E

5. Use the terms in the following list to identify the cellular location for the steps involved
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in the synthesis and packaging of a secreted protein.
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—Gene transcription‖
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a. Nucleolus
b. Nucleus
c. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum YFT L L
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d. Granular endoplasmic reticulum L
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e. Golgi apparatus L
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f. Endosomes
g. Peroxisomes
h. Lysosomes