NAGELHOUT CH 40 UPDATED ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
●● What is the leading cause of preventable death in trauma patients?
A) Head trauma
B) Infection
C) Hemorrhage
D) Pneumothorax
Answer: C) Hemorrhage
●● Which trauma mortality peak is most responsive to anesthesia and
surgical interventions?
A) Immediate (first minutes)
B) Early (within hours)
C) Late (days-weeks)
D) Prehospital
Answer: B) Early (within hours)
●● Which phase of trauma care involves airway stabilization and
hemorrhage control?
A) Definitive care
,B) Post-resuscitative
C) Primary survey
D) Rehabilitation
Answer: C) Primary survey
●● What component of the trauma triad of death is worsened by massive
transfusion without warming?
A) Acidosis
B) Hypothermia
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Hypocalcemia
Answer: B) Hypothermia
●● Which component of the trauma triad leads to decreased clotting
factor activity?
A) Acidosis
B) Bradycardia
C) Hypoxia
D) Hyperthermia
Answer: A) Acidosis
●● Which clinical priority is first in the primary trauma survey?
A) Control bleeding
,B) Cervical spine protection and airway
C) Insert chest tube
D) Establish IV access
Answer: B) Cervical spine protection and airway
●● Which scoring system is used to predict mortality based on initial
trauma presentation?
A) APACHE II
B) ASA
C) Revised Trauma Score (RTS)
D) BIS
Answer: C) Revised Trauma Score (RTS)
●● What best defines the "lethal triad" in trauma patients?
A) Bradycardia, hypotension, tachypnea
B) Hypoxia, coagulopathy, fever
C) Acidosis, hypothermia, coagulopathy
D) Hyperkalemia, anemia, alkalosis
Answer: C) Acidosis, hypothermia, coagulopathy
●● What causes coagulopathy during hemorrhagic shock?
A) Hypermagnesemia
, B) Consumption and dilution of clotting factors
C) Hemoconcentration
D) Hypervolemia
Answer: B) Consumption and dilution of clotting factors
●● Which best describes permissive hypotension in trauma?
A) MAP maintained above 110 mm Hg
B) Avoidance of fluids entirely
C) Keeping SBP just high enough for perfusion until hemorrhage control
D) SBP >140 mm Hg for brain perfusion
Answer: C) Keeping SBP just high enough for perfusion until
hemorrhage control
●● Which blood product is essential for correcting trauma-induced
thrombocytopenia?
A) Cryoprecipitate
B) PRBCs
C) Platelets
D) FFP
Answer: C) Platelets
●● Which component of damage control resuscitation addresses
coagulopathy directly?
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
●● What is the leading cause of preventable death in trauma patients?
A) Head trauma
B) Infection
C) Hemorrhage
D) Pneumothorax
Answer: C) Hemorrhage
●● Which trauma mortality peak is most responsive to anesthesia and
surgical interventions?
A) Immediate (first minutes)
B) Early (within hours)
C) Late (days-weeks)
D) Prehospital
Answer: B) Early (within hours)
●● Which phase of trauma care involves airway stabilization and
hemorrhage control?
A) Definitive care
,B) Post-resuscitative
C) Primary survey
D) Rehabilitation
Answer: C) Primary survey
●● What component of the trauma triad of death is worsened by massive
transfusion without warming?
A) Acidosis
B) Hypothermia
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Hypocalcemia
Answer: B) Hypothermia
●● Which component of the trauma triad leads to decreased clotting
factor activity?
A) Acidosis
B) Bradycardia
C) Hypoxia
D) Hyperthermia
Answer: A) Acidosis
●● Which clinical priority is first in the primary trauma survey?
A) Control bleeding
,B) Cervical spine protection and airway
C) Insert chest tube
D) Establish IV access
Answer: B) Cervical spine protection and airway
●● Which scoring system is used to predict mortality based on initial
trauma presentation?
A) APACHE II
B) ASA
C) Revised Trauma Score (RTS)
D) BIS
Answer: C) Revised Trauma Score (RTS)
●● What best defines the "lethal triad" in trauma patients?
A) Bradycardia, hypotension, tachypnea
B) Hypoxia, coagulopathy, fever
C) Acidosis, hypothermia, coagulopathy
D) Hyperkalemia, anemia, alkalosis
Answer: C) Acidosis, hypothermia, coagulopathy
●● What causes coagulopathy during hemorrhagic shock?
A) Hypermagnesemia
, B) Consumption and dilution of clotting factors
C) Hemoconcentration
D) Hypervolemia
Answer: B) Consumption and dilution of clotting factors
●● Which best describes permissive hypotension in trauma?
A) MAP maintained above 110 mm Hg
B) Avoidance of fluids entirely
C) Keeping SBP just high enough for perfusion until hemorrhage control
D) SBP >140 mm Hg for brain perfusion
Answer: C) Keeping SBP just high enough for perfusion until
hemorrhage control
●● Which blood product is essential for correcting trauma-induced
thrombocytopenia?
A) Cryoprecipitate
B) PRBCs
C) Platelets
D) FFP
Answer: C) Platelets
●● Which component of damage control resuscitation addresses
coagulopathy directly?
